Traditional Perspective Research Articles

Extradition treaties and emerging market firms’ host country location choice✰

Traditional perspectives on interstate cooperation stress its benefits in facilitating foreign direct investment (FDI) by reducing uncertainty in international operations and enhancing mutual trust between countries. Our investigation explores another side of interstate cooperation by discussing the potential risks that can emerge from it. Our fulcrum for exploring risks comes from an explicit consideration of the divergent interests that can exist between nation states and business. We focus on the phenomenon known as bilateral treaties on extradition, which enable one country to request the repatriation of fugitives or convicted criminals from another country through official cooperation. Extradition treaties extend the jurisdictional influence of a firm's home country to a host country. This mechanism can create concerns for firms when they are motivated to use FDI to escape from their home country, especially from certain emerging markets with weak institutions. We propose that emerging market firms can be motivated to circumvent host countries that have established extradition treaties with their home country. Both private-owned and state-owned enterprises can show this behavior, albeit the effect is weaker for state-owned enterprises as compared to private-owned ones. The effect is particularly strong on firms that have documented malfeasance in their home country. We test these ideas on outward FDI made by Chinese firms in 106 foreign countries during 2001–2013.

Cognitive approaches to uniformity and variability in morphology

Abstract This special issue of Cognitive Linguistics reexamines the notions of uniformity and variability within morphological systems from a cognitive linguistic standpoint. It challenges traditional perspectives that regard morphological variability as mere deviations from the norm, suggesting instead that such variability is systematic and shaped by external influences including language acquisition and processing constraints. The contributions in this issue promote a shift from isolated analysis to a holistic view of paradigms, classes, and systems, advocating for a framework where morphological structures are seen as integral to communicative and functional aspects of language. By accounting for the broad adaptive dynamics of language systems, the complex interplay between uniformity and variability is revealed as an inherent aspect of language usage.

Polyphenolic Compounds: Orchestrating Intestinal Microbiota Harmony during Aging.

In the aging process, physiological decline occurs, posing a substantial threat to the physical and mental well-being of the elderly and contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. While traditional perspectives considered the maintenance of life as influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle elements such as exercise and diet, the pivotal role of symbiotic microorganisms had been understated. Presently, it is acknowledged that the intestinal microbiota plays a profound role in overall health by signaling to both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as other distant organs. Disruption in this bidirectional communication between bacteria and the host results in dysbiosis, fostering the development of various diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review aims to delve into the intricate biological mechanisms underpinning dysbiosis associated with aging and the clinical ramifications of such dysregulation. Furthermore, we aspire to explore bioactive compounds endowed with functional properties capable of modulating and restoring balance in this aging-related dysbiotic process through epigenetics alterations.

Understanding Vatavyadhi as a Sequelaeae of Metabolic Syndrome And Its Management - A Review

The increasing occurrence of metabolic syndrome in children and teenagers is alarming due to the potential for significant long-term health issues. Recognizing and addressing this condition early are essential to avoid permanent harm. Traditional Ayurvedic perspectives offer valuable insights into this issue. Conditions such as Sthaulya (Obesity), Prameha (Diabetes), Shonita Dusti (Blood Impurity), and Dhamani Pratichaya (Vascular Diseases) share similarities with metabolic syndrome. These arise from excessive intake and accumulation (Santarpana nidana), leading to a build-up of Kapha (one of three senses of humor having unctuous property) and Medha (fat), eventually affecting other Doshas (humor) and multiple tissues. Ayurvedic treatments aim to manage these conditions, as they tend to be chronic and prone to complications, potentially progressing to Vatavyadhi (neurological disorders) over time. The interplay of kapha and medha in blocking channels (Margavarana) is a crucial consequence of these conditions, contributing to the development of vatavyadhi. This review article highlights the importance of early intervention and traditional Ayurvedic approaches in managing metabolic syndrome-like conditions in children and adolescents to prevent long-term complications.

An Updated Integrated Pest Management System: A Footprint for Modern-Day Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) stands out as a multifaceted approach, offering efficient, socially acceptable, and environmentally friendly pest management solutions in agriculture. It not only maximizes farmers' financial returns but also fosters environmental and human health benefits, contributing significantly to sustainable food production. However, challenges persist due to farmers' insufficient engagement in IPM technology development and a lack of understanding of its ecological principles. To address these challenges, the traditional ecological perspective of pest management has evolved into a more comprehensive IPM model. This modern approach integrates recent advancements in agricultural technology, leveraging contemporary communication tools, and responding to shifting consumer trends towards sustainably produced food systems. Additionally, heightened awareness of global trade and travel impacts necessitates a reconfiguration of IPM strategies. The enhanced IPM model encompasses four key components: identifying pest management alternatives, synthesizing knowledge and resources to develop effective management strategies, facilitating timely decision-making through information management, and fostering the dissemination of crucial information through outreach efforts. Moreover, the new model recognizes the interplay of human, environmental, social, and economic factors in food production. It places emphasis on the business aspect, involving producers, customers, and sellers, while also addressing sustainability considerations such as economic viability, environmental safety, and social acceptability. By integrating these elements, the revamped IPM approach holds the promise of doubling farmers' income, ensuring food security for all, and promoting overall health and well-being. It represents a holistic solution to pest management challenges, aligning with the broader goals of sustainable agriculture and enhancing the quality of food production for generations to come.

Navigating Risks: How External Environments Shape Non-Performing Loans in Vietnam's Commercial Banks

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to analyze the factors influencing Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in Vietnam's banking sector. It aims to shift the focus from traditional perspectives centered on macroeconomic indicators towards considering external environmental factors, such as global economic shifts, digital transformation, and industry-specific changes. Moreover, it seeks to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on NPL dynamics in Vietnamese commercial banks. Methods: The study employs empirical data collected from various Vietnamese commercial banks. Robust statistical methods are applied to analyze the data and explore the relationships between external environmental factors and NPLs. The research challenges conventional risk assessment models by advocating for a more comprehensive approach that integrates a broader spectrum of external influences beyond internal and macroeconomic variables. Results: The findings of the study suggest that external environmental factors, including global economic shifts, digital transformation, and industry-specific changes, significantly affect NPLs in Vietnam's banking sector. The analysis reveals the intricate dynamics of NPLs, especially under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contrary to traditional perspectives, the research underscores the importance of considering a wider range of factors in assessing and managing NPL risk. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study contributes significantly to the understanding of NPL dynamics in Vietnam's banking sector. The research highlights the need for banking executives and policymakers to adopt dynamic risk management strategies that account for external environmental factors. By recognizing the influence of global economic shifts, digital transformation, and industry-specific changes, stakeholders can enhance banking resilience and stability in emerging markets like Vietnam. The study underscores the importance of embracing a holistic approach to risk management in an era characterized by rapid global changes and uncertainties.

The Situation and Reasons of Chile’s Violations of International Law from a Cultural Tradition Perspective

The Situation and Reasons of Chile’s Violations of International Law from a Cultural Tradition Perspective

Heightened neural reward responsiveness functions as a plasticity factor moderating the association between childhood emotional abuse and young adult depressive symptoms: Evidence of differential susceptibility.

As a neural indicator of reward responsiveness (RR), reward positivity (RewP) has been demonstrated to moderate the association between stress exposure and depressive symptoms. However, extant research has primarily (a) focused on life stress rather than early maltreatment, (b) ignored the time-frequency components, and (c) has been based on a traditional perspective of diathesis stress. The present study aimed to comprehensively examine whether and how neurophysiological (RewP and its time-frequency decomposition components) and self-reported measures of RR interact with childhood emotional abuse on young adult depressive symptoms. The sample of 192 Chinese university students aged 18-25 (Mage = 21.08 ± 1.91 years; 59.4% girls) completed self-reported questionnaires of emotional abuse, depressive symptoms and RR. The RewP and its time-frequency components delta and theta were elicited via a monetary reward task. The results demonstrated that RewP significantly moderated the association between emotional abuse and young adult depressive symptoms in a differential susceptibility but not diathesis-stress manner. However, gain-related delta, loss-related theta, or self-reported RR did not drive such moderation effects. These findings were robust and survived a series of rigorous sensitivity analyses. The current findings provide preliminary evidence that heightened RewP may function as a plasticity factor moderating the association between early maltreatment exposure and depression, and highlight the effect specific to emotional abuse. However, caution should be paid to the generalizability of these findings in high-risk clinical samples, in light of the current high-functioning sample features and low rates of high symptom and abuse levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding the link: the competencies and motivations of nascent entrepreneurs to engage in sustainable entrepreneurship

ObjetivoEste artigo tem como objetivo compreender a relação entre as competências empreendedoras (autoeficácia e capital social), e o empreendedorismo sustentável e sua incidência por meio de motivações empreendedoras (empreendedorismo de oportunidade e necessidade).Design/metodologia/abordagemAdotamos uma abordagem quantitativa e usamos regressões de mínimos quadrados ordinários (OLS) e análise de bootstrapping para testar nossas hipóteses sobre a relação entre competências empresariais e empreendedorismo sustentável mediada por motivações empresariais usando uma amostra transversal de 2.356 empreendedores nascentes do relatório Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2021–2022.ResultadosAs evidências sugerem que o empreendedorismo sustentável é influenciado positivamente pelo empreendedorismo orientado pela oportunidade e pela necessidade. Além disso, os resultados mostram que ambas as motivações empresariais mediam positivamente a relação entre a autoeficácia e o empreendedorismo sustentável.OriginalidadeNossa abordagem se afasta da perspectiva unidimensional tradicional sobre as motivações empresariais, reconhecendo que um empreendedor pode incorporar simultaneamente vários graus de ambos os ases motivações. Ao integrar o estudo das competências e motivações empresariais ao empreendedorismo sustentável, obtemos uma compreensão holística da dinâmica em jogo.

Adaptation of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults to Turkish Culture

This study addresses the pervasive human experience of loneliness, shifting from a traditional unidimensional perspective to a more nuanced, multidimensional understanding. The Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) was developed based on this conceptual shift, and this study focuses on adapting the scale to Turkish culture. Data from 197 Turkish adults (Mean age = 23 years, SD = 5.12) were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, revealing a three-factor structure consistent with the original scale. The factors, namely social loneliness, romantic loneliness, and family loneliness, explained 23.7%, 17.5%, and 10.4% of the variance, respectively. One item was excluded from the scale due to the lack of contribution to any factor. Clear factor analysis results and high Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients (0.92, 0.93, and 0.90 for social, romantic, and family loneliness, respectively, and 0.90 for the total scale) indicate strong internal consistency. The findings not only affirm the applicability of SELSA in the Turkish context but also contribute to a nuanced understanding of loneliness. The multidimensional approach, supported by robust psychometric properties, offers a valuable tool for comprehensively assessing and addressing diverse facets of loneliness in Turkish young adults.

Testing scale-dependent temporal and spatial biases in relative chronology using AMS 14C dating: A case study of Early–Middle Cucuteni-Tripolye sites in Southeastern Europe

Aiming at developing a syncretic chronology for Eneolithic sites in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine, this paper tests the hypothesis that relative material culture sequences will be preserved within lower-order taxonomic units and collapse within higher-order units. We examine relative sequences for sub-groups of the Cucuteni-Tripolye cultural complex (ca. 5050–2950 BCE) using Bayesian sequencing of extant and newly obtained radiocarbon dates. The traditional archaeological perspective holds that the space-time expansion of this cultural complex occurred in rapidly disseminated horizons, with little cross-regional variability in dating. Absolute dating efforts from the 1960s–2000s did little to clarify the situation, especially in the upper section of the Dniester river valley in Ukraine, where numerous older radiometric 14C dates present an improbably early chronology for sites of the Early and early Middle Tripolye periods (Tripolye A and BI). Here we present 21 new AMS 14C dates from early settlements in Southwestern Ukraine and Moldova, with results dating to the latter half of the fifth millennium and the beginning of the fourth millennium BCE. Eschewing the concept of monolithic horizons, we compile both old and new data into regionally distinct sequences, enabling a more nuanced examination of material synchronization and cross-regional settlement dynamics.

You Belong to Everyone

Indigenous peoples in Canada have suffered from ongoing impacts of colonization. The topic of Indigenous health is wholistic and intricate, spanning from individual to kin, to land, economy, socialization, and all things. Such intricacies have been impacted by colonial systems wherein many have left their traditional land bases and communities to pursue other opportunities or to flee circumstance on their home territories. This paper uses Indigenous methodologies to collect qualitative data on the experiences for some First Nations peoples connected to the Tillicum Lelum Aboriginal Friendship Centre, on Vancouver Island when relocating off-reserve. Elders were selected as the sample based on the traditional perspective of knowledge and wisdom. As a result, six common themes from experiences were connection, way of living, education and employment, colonialism, land, and quality of health care. Further, axial coding found four action-based themes to be applied from the research. Racism, relevance, restrictions, and resources created the ‘Four R’s’ as recommendations for larger health systems in British Columbia.

An analysis of figurative language in the interpretation of contemporary English poetry

This article examines the various facets of figurative language. This study considers figurative language from a traditional perspective as an embellishment of language and compares it with contemporary theory in literature especially in poetry. The main material for the analysis of figurative language in poetry is poetic texts of contemporary American poets like William Carlos Williams, Robert Frost, and Charles Bernstein. We selected 15 poems that contain a lot of figurative expressions and analyzed them namely “The Red Wheelbarrow”, “This Is Just to Say”, “To a Poor Old Woman”, “The Road Not Taken”, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”, “Fire and Ice”, “Mending Wall”, etc. The authors conducted about evaluation of the use of metaphors, hyperboles, idioms, and similes. The most used figurative language in all the analyzed poems is metaphor. It occurred in all 15 poems. Figurative language adds an element of beauty and artistry to poetry. Metaphors, similes, and other figurative expressions infuse the language with color, imagery, and creative aesthetics that captivate the reader's senses.

Evidence-Based Nursing Practice: A Different View: Book Review of Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses: Appraisal and Application of Research by Nola A. Schmidt and Janet M. Brown (2022). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

This is a review of the 5th edition of Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses: Appraisal and Application of Research edited by Nola A. Schmidt and Janet M. Brown (2022). The reviewed book provides an exploration of evidence-based nursing practice, viewed through the lens of traditional perspectives that position the nursing discipline as applied science and approach to nursing practice from the standpoint of the medical model. In this column, the meaning of evidence-based nursing practice is reconsidered within the context of the theory-guided nursing practice arising from the distinctive perspective of the nursing discipline as a human science.

Language Brokering Over Time: A Study of Citizenship Becoming Through a Transliteracies Framework

ABSTRACT This paper integrates theories and research from the fields of transliteracies and language brokering to understand the language and literacy experiences of bilingual youth who grew up in Mexican immigrant families. Analyzing data from three interrelated studies that used ethnographic research methods to understand the language brokering of Mexican-American immigrant youth in Chicago from 2000–2010, we asked: How do language brokers negotiate diverse meanings of citizenship in their transnational contexts? How do their transliteracy experiences shape their “citizenship becoming” over time? Findings show how bilingual Mexican-American youth employed their transliteracies and translocal expertise for civic justice, as they increasingly helped family and other transnational community members gain equitable access to goods and just services through their language brokering practices. At the same time, in a period of increasing anti-immigrant discourses and policies, they also experienced personal challenges and developed a deep recognition of hard borders facing their racialized communities. The discussion considers implications of this work for disrupting traditional perspectives about citizenship and employing a stronger notion of politicized funds of knowledge in K-12 classrooms.

Unraveling the Neo-Sûfī Paradigm: An Analysis of Dr. Fazlûr Raḥmān's Theoretical Insights and Concepts

This research focuses on Dr. Fazlûr Raḥmān's Neo-Sûfī paradigm, a contemporary departure from traditional perspectives on Sûfīsm aimed at addressing global challenges. The study traces Raḥmān's academic journey from British India, highlighting his influential work advocating for a reevaluation of conventional Islāmic thought in the face of technological advancements and cultural shifts. Through an extensive literature review, the research contextualises the historical development of Sûfīsm, scrutinises traditional views, and assesses modern challenges to Sûfī thought, offering a critical examination of Raḥmān's contributions, particularly the Neo-Sûfī paradigm. The study's theoretical framework is grounded in Raḥmān's innovative approach deeply rooted in Islāmic philosophy and theology. Raḥmān reimagines traditional Sûfī concepts to address contemporary challenges while preserving ties to Islāmic heritage. Drawing insights from scholars like William C. Chittick and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, the research employs an interdisciplinary methodology based on primary sources to analyse the Neo-Sûfī paradigm comprehensively. It aims to position Raḥmān's ideas within the broader context of Islāmic thought, enriching the understanding of the intricate relationship between Sûfīsm, tradition, and modernity. Exploring the evolution of Sûfīsm within the Neo-Sûfī paradigm, the research underscores its adaptability to contemporary challenges, spiritual dimensions, and contributions to social cohesion. It investigates how Raḥmān reconciles tradition and modernity, assessing the compatibility of Sûfī thought with contemporary philosophical currents. The study discusses the implications of the Neo-Sûfī paradigm, including its role in interfaith dialogue, contributions to contemporary Islāmic thought, and policy recommendations. Despite acknowledging limitations, the research concludes that Dr. Fazlûr Raḥmān's Neo-Sûfī paradigm provides a dynamic response to modern challenges, harmoniously integrating tradition and modernity. Its implications extend beyond individual spiritual practice to interfaith dialogue, societal cohesion, and policy recommendations, presenting Raḥmān's paradigm as a valuable source of wisdom in navigating contemporary complexities within the ongoing discourse on Islāmic thought.

A Common Good-Based Justification for Non-Compliance with the Political Obligation of Homeland Defence

Non-compliance with compulsory military service as a form of homeland defence (i.e. conscription) is typically justified by various types of conscientious objections. However, in this article, I offer an alternative type of justification that is based on the common good. To achieve this, I present the concept of the common good and its relationship to the political obligation of homeland defence from the perspective of different traditions of political thought. Subsequently, I outline two types of exceptions to this political obligation: the liberal type of exceptions and the membership-based ones.

Becoming a doctor: using social constructivism and situated learning to understand the clinical clerkship experiences of undergraduate medical students

BackgroundDespite the emphasis on the uniqueness and educational importance of clinical clerkships in medical education, there is a lack of deep understanding of their educational process and outcomes. Especially due to an inherent trait of clinical clerkships which requires participation in the workplace outside the classroom, it is difficult to fully comprehend their educational potential using traditional learning perspectives such as imbibing outside knowledge. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the experiences of a rotation-based clerkship of medical school students from the perspective of social constructivism of learning, which can empirically examine what and how medical students learn during clinical clerkship in South Korea. By providing an insight into the workings of the clerkship process, this study contributes to a better understanding of how a learning-friendly environment can be cultivated at clinical clerkships.MethodsThe study utilized a basic qualitative study to understand what and how medical students learn during their clinical clerkships. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with eight sixth-graders who had experienced a two-year clerkship at Ajou University Medical School. Data were analyzed based on Lave and Wenger’s situated learning theory and Wenger’s social theory in learning.ResultsWe found that the medical students had developed different aspects of their professional identities such as values, functionality, career decisions, sociality, and situating during their clinical clerkships. Further, professional identity was formed through a combination of participation and reification—the processes involved in the negotiation of meaning. This combination was facilitated by the students’ first experience and relationships with professors, classmates, and patients. Finally, non-learning occurred in the context of over-participation (learning anxiety and alienation) or over-reification (evaluation and e-portfolio).ConclusionsThis study revealed five sub-professional identities and their formation process from the learners’ perspective, thereby uncovering the unique learning characteristics and advantages of rotated-based clerkship and contributing to a further understanding of how gradual improvements can be made to the traditional clerkship education of medical students.

Processing export and firms’ social security contributions in China: The role of supply chain pressure

This paper investigates the effects of processing export on firms’ social security contributions. A consistent pattern emerges that processing exporters in China exhibit higher actual contributions relative to ordinary exporters. This finding is intriguing, as processing exporters have been found to be inferior on various margins, such as wages and productivity. We propose and test a potential mechanism from a labor standard perspective, supply chain pressure, where processing exporters are compelled by downstream importers to adhere to certain codes of conduct in order to avoid reputation damages. We discuss endogeneity problems arising from various sources that may affect the validity of the proposed mechanism, and adopt instrumental variable estimation to address any unobserved concerns. Moreover, despite the unquantifiability of supply chain pressure, supportive evidence is found as pure-assemblers, processing exporters in high-exposure industries, those with destinations in developed countries and those in export-intensive regions exhibit relatively higher contributions, as predicted by the theory. These findings also negate competing hypotheses from the traditional labor cost perspective. Furthermore, non-state-owned, small, and low-paying firms are more susceptible to supply chain pressure than their respective counterparts. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the behavioral differences between processing and ordinary exporters.

Harmonious, Africanised, and Modern Employment Relations model in strategic Employment Relations

Orientation: With the world increasingly becoming a global village and many multi-national enterprises exploring African markets, the question of integrating indigenous traditions into employment relations (ER) systems and practices has become topical in the ER field.Research purpose: This study investigated the integration of African traditions, perspectives and indigenous wisdom in modern ER.Motivation for the study: There is a limited integration of indigenous wisdom in ER practices. The study examine how African perspectives can be further developed to align with and contribute to current and future workplace trends.Research approach/design and method: A qualitative research approach was adopted in this study to understand the prevailing workplace dynamics and how an Africanised ER perspective can add value to the workplace. Grounded theory was used as the primary research strategy to support the design of this study. Using semi-structured interviews, a purposive sampling method was used to collect data from 12 participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and make sense of the collected data.Main findings: The findings show three themes associated with the development of Harmonious, Africanised and Modern Employment Relations (HAMER) model, namely, organisational anxiety, organisational unity and strategic leadership. The findings indicated that incorporating indigenous knowledge in ER can improve organisational harmony and relationships in the workplace. The findings also indicated that transforming traditional perspectives to embrace indigenous knowledge requires strong leadership skills and strategic thinking. Most importantly, the study identified a shortage of customised ER content as the main hindrance in the integration process.Practical/managerial implications: The study proposed the adoption of the HAMER model to align current ER trends and requirements to indigenous knowledge. The model focuses on practical ways of integrating harmony and African perspectives in modern ER.Contribution/value-add: First and foremost, the study addressed the shortage of Africanised ER content, including the infrastructure and behaviours required to achieve the integration.