Personal Beliefs Research Articles

Особенности стресса и базисных убеждений родителей детей с нормативным развитием и с ограниченными возможностями здоровья

The article presents the results of the study of stress level of parents of children with typical development and with disabilities (mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, visual and hearing impairment). The specificity of the expression of attitudes towards intensive parenting, basic personal and parental beliefs is analyzed. The study involved 190 respondents: 125 parents of children with normal development and 65 parents of children with disabilities. A high level of parental stress was identified among parents of children with disabilities. The data obtained allow us to say that there are such features of parental stress as an in-creased experience of loss of control over one’s life as a result of the birth of a child with disabilities, increased demands for development and upbringing, lack of pleasure, a reduction in the positive emotions that the ful-fillment of the parental role brings, a decrease satisfaction with oneself as a parent. Specific personal attitudes toward the experience of traumatic parenting have also been identified. Adults raising children with disabilities are dissatisfied with themselves, do not approve of their actions, and tend to consider themselves less success-ful than parents of children with normal development.

Удовлетворённость трудом и субъективное благополучие сотрудников органов внутренних дел

Introduction. The article deals with the job satisfaction, subjective well-being, basic beliefs and stressful life of law enforcement officers. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyse the factors influencing police officers’ positive self-perception in order to improve their psychological health, subjective well-being as well as police officers service.
 Methods. The participants of the study were 60 law enforcement officers, aged 30.21 ± 5.30 serving 7.2 ± 8.41 years in the Russian police. The research methods include an anonymous questionnaire, “Methodology of diagnostics of integral job satisfaction”, “Scale of subjective well-being”, “Satisfaction with life scale”, “Subjective happiness scale”, “Personal beliefs scale”, “Stressfulness of life”. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by methods of a descriptive, comparative and correlation analysis.
 Results. The study found that 34% of police officers are characterised by a high and moderate level of stress, low life satisfaction, belief that people around them are unfriendly, as well as a low level of subjective happiness. 40% of police officers believe that they are not always able to control their life events, 16% have low confidence in success, 12% of respondents consider the world around them to be unfair, and 10% are convinced of their inability to cope with their life difficulties. Police officers’ satisfaction with their professional activity and career achievements decreases rapidly along with age and work experience. Their social contacts become more limited. Too much stress and unfair punishment reduce the feeling of well-being and job satisfaction. Subjective well-being is positively correlated with basic beliefs about the world’s friendliness and fairness, self-esteem, good fortune, and self-control. Satisfaction with life and the level of health are high among people whose importance of the performed duties prevails over the amount of rewards. In order to increase subjective well-being and job satisfaction of police officers, methods of positive psychology, cognitive-behavioural, rational-emotive, pathogenetic psychotherapy, body-oriented, client-centred, and gestalt therapy can be used.

A Story About Hibuki - A Psychologist's Instruments in Work with Children's Trauma

Problem definition. The uncertainty of the consequences of situations related to stressful situations for the child's psyche actualizes the issue of introducing new approaches, methods and tools of psychological influence that would contribute to the preschooler's ability to overcome stress in a constructive way. Problem analysis. Childhood psychological trauma leaves its mark on the subconscious, can shape a person's worldview, beliefs, and identification of the self. And since trauma affects the levels of primary safety, it creates very powerful patterns in the mind. Signs of childhood trauma include mood swings, guilt, anxiety, feelings of abandonment, confusion and impaired concentration, and withdrawal. The conceptualization of traumatic experience is widely presented in scientific literature: theories of traumatic emotional experience (O.S. Kocharyan, R. Lanius, M. Massey, R. Hammer), conceptual foundations of the subverbal model of client-centered psychotherapy (O.S. Kocharyan), theories and typologies of infantile traumas (Johnson St. M., Burbo L., etc.), theoretical positions of procedural-experiential and emotionally-focused psychotherapy (Greenberg L. and Elliott R.), psychoanalytic theory according to Freud Z., ideas about the formation of early maladaptive schemes (Boterhoven de H., Christopher W., Fassbinder E., Hayes C., Katrina L., Yong J.) and others. However, solving many complex problems remains relevant, one of which includes psychological assistance to the most vulnerable population groups in extreme situations, one of which includes children and work with current traumatic experiences. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a multifunctional tool for working with childhood trauma in conditions of long-term traumatic circumstances. Conclusions. The stories about Hibuki, through which the child identified with the hero of the story, contribute to the restoration of internal mechanisms of the psyche, which help the process of restoring the child's psychological health. A psychologist can use these stories both to rehabilitate a child's psyche and to diagnose his or her emotional state.

A tale of three stories: The influence of transnationalism, gender, and dual career on the professional development of a trainee sport psychologist

The service delivery and philosophy of sport psychology practitioners is highly influenced by their life experiences, values, and personal beliefs. Nevertheless, accounts of such influences are limited within the professional development literature. In this article, the first author provides an analysis of how her experiences as a transnational female student-athlete and student-coach have shaped her identity and professional development as an applied sport psychology trainee. In so doing, the first author has reflected on the challenges and opportunities that she faced through these experiences. More specifically, her transnational experiences enabled her to realise the importance of love, empathy, and resilience as the foundations of her professional philosophy. Further, her experience as a female student-athlete enabled her to develop management skills and to overcome barriers resulting from her gender identity. We hope that by sharing the experiences of the first author in the present work, we create resonance and a sense of familiarity with some readers and provoke all practitioners to pause and reflect on how their experiences, values, and personal beliefs continue to influence their practice.

Perception of illness and death in the nursing setting

This paper delves into how nurses perceive illness and death and how it impacts their daily practice. Nurses' perceptions are shaped by their educational background, professional experience, personal beliefs, and cultural context. They receive training in disease management and palliative care, providing them with the knowledge to approach these situations professionally. However, personal experiences, beliefs, and emotions also influence their response. The evolution of medical science has led to the medicalization of death, with nurses often caring for dying patients in hospital settings. The emotional burden on nurses necessitates emotional self-awareness and support networks to manage stress and trauma effectively. Cultural influences play a significant role in how nurses perceive illness and death. Some cultures avoid open discussions about death, creating communication barriers. Nurses must develop culturally sensitive communication skills to provide respectful care. Various medical traditions, such as Western medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Indigenous medicine, offer different perspectives on illness and death. Cultural differences extend to funeral practices and beliefs about the afterlife. Anonymous interviews with nurses highlighted their diverse responses to death and the emotional toll it can take. Support programs and psychological assistance should be available to help nurses cope with these challenges. In conclusion, nurses' perceptions of illness and death are multifaceted, influenced by education, experience, personal beliefs, and culture. Emotional management and institutional support are crucial for effective patient care. Creating an environment that encourages open communication and respect for these issues is essential. Nurses must engage in ongoing self-reflection to provide compassionate care and address the complex emotional aspects of their profession.

The Influence of Ethical Leadership on Employee Prosocial Behavior-The Mediating Role of Moral Identity

The present study aims to investigate the interconnections of ethical leadership, moral identity, and employee prosocial conduct within the private business sector in the Kurdistan area of Iraq. The study adopts a quantitative research technique, utilizing a sample of 112 employees from seven distinct firms. The research incorporates survey tools to measure ethical leadership, moral identity, and prosocial conduct. The objective of this study is to examine the direct and indirect impacts of ethical leadership on employee prosocial behavior while considering moral identity as a potential mediator. The findings offer strong evidence in favor of the proposed associations. There is a considerable and positive relationship between ethical leadership and both moral identity and employee prosocial conduct. Likewise, moral identity exhibits a robust and favorable correlation with the engagement of employees in prosocial conduct. Moreover, the confluence of ethical leadership and moral identity in influencing prosocial conduct has been validated, substantiating the mediating function of moral identity within this association. The implications of these studies have practical significance for firms seeking to foster pleasant working environments. The promotion of ethical leadership practices is emphasized as a crucial approach to improving both the formation of moral identity and the engagement of employees in activities that benefit society. This research adds to the expanding corpus of scholarly work on organizational behavior, highlighting the significance of ethical leadership and personal beliefs in influencing a socially responsible and altruistic workplace setting. It is recommended that future studies undertake a long-term examination of these associations, encompassing a wide range of cultural contexts, and study additional variables that could potentially impact the observed dynamics.

E-Payment in The Eyes of Students: Analyzing the Impact of Trust, Risk, Benefits and Income

This research aims to determine the influence of a person's beliefs, risks, benefits, and income on interest in using e-payment, especially for Politeknik Negeri Batam students. This is quantitative research that uses non-probability sampling and collects respondent data using a Google Drive form, which will then be processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The population of this research is active Politeknik Negeri Batam students who have used online payment methods or e-payments, with a total of 97 samples. The results of the tests carried out in this research show that trust has a negative effect and does not have a significant effect on a person's interest in using e-payment. Risk has a positive and significant effect on a person's interest in using e-payments. Benefits have a positive and significant influence on a person's interest in using e-payment. Income has a positive and significant effect on a person's interest in using e-payments.

Assessing the influence of personality and health beliefs on variability of COVID-19 fear among Egyptians: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPatients and their families get stigmatized and socially excluded due to their fear of COVID-19, which exposes them to psychological discomfort, rage, depression, and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to assess the fear the Egyptian population had of COVID-19 and its risk factors during the pandemic.MethodsIn this study, 1002 Egyptian adults joined part via a cross-sectional online survey.The survey included questions related to sociodemographic and clinical data, the Health Belief Model (HBM), The Arabic Big Five Personality Inventory (ABFPI), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S).ResultsMarriage status, rural residence, non-medical work, lack of satisfaction with personal information about COVID-19, high perceived severity, perceived benefits of social distance, and high scores of neuroticism significantly increased the risk of fear from COVID-19, while low perceived susceptibility and high conscientiousness were protective factors against the fear of covid-19.ConclusionsPersonality traits and health beliefs play an important role in COVID-19-related fear during the pandemic. These findings might help in the planning of prevention programs in the future.

NEIGHBORHOOD QUALITY AND WEEKLY PATTERNS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG BLACK AND WHITE ADULTS

Abstract Engaging in regular moderate to vigorous physical activity across the week is recommended for maintaining health. This analysis examined whether objective and subjective neighborhood quality was associated with different patterns of weekly physical activity across the week among middle and older Black and white adults. We leveraged data from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE), in which 833 Black and white American adults (Mage = 62.65; n Black = 167) reported their daily moderate to vigorous physical activity across eight consecutive days. The objective and subjective measures of neighborhood quality were the area deprivation index (ADI) and personal belief in the neighborhood, respectively. Hypotheses were tested using the latent class analysis (LCA) framework. Weekly patterns of daily physical activity were classified into four different groups: Active Every Day (group size = 35.75%), Active on Weekdays (26.63%), Active on the Weekend (11.76%), and Less Active (15.85%). Lower ADI rankings, but not personal beliefs about one’s neighborhood, were associated with a higher probability of being in the three more active relative to the Less Active group, an association stronger among white adults. Finally, the three more active groups showed higher self-rated physical health than the Less Active group. Within-race analyses showed that this association was only evident among white adults. Neighborhood deprivation is an important structural context that may strongly limit adults’ engagement in daily physical health.

AN AGENTIC PERSPECTIVE ON AGING PREPARATION

Abstract When imagining one’s future life in old age individuals may respond to an uncertain future with proactive and preparatory activity aiming to maximize possible rewards and minimize risks or costs. The current research applies an agentic perspective on aging preparation that emphasizes the role of individuals’ beliefs and attitudes in determining their engagement in actions. The present research aims to investigate the associations between action-related beliefs (perceived utility/risk) and situational cues (experience/appraisals of aging-related life challenges) with individuals’ engagement in aging preparation. Data comes from the “Ageing as Future” project, which includes multicultural (i.e., Germany, US, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Czechia), longitudinal (i.e., five measurement points spanning from 2012 to 2020), and lifespan data (i.e., aged 18 to 98). Results from a series of analyses indicate that perceiving more utilities, having experience in caregiving, and having health-related worries at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with engagement in aging preparation. However, the magnitude of these associations varied depending on the time perspective and cultural context. Findings suggest that individuals engage in aging preparation to attain desirable or to avoid undesirable outcomes in the future based on personal values and belief systems. The dynamic interplay of personal belief systems with temporal and cultural contexts was also highlighted that differently shapes individual’s agentic engagement in aging preparation.

HOW CAN WE ADVANCE THE FIELD OF GERONTOLOGY BY LEVERAGING OUR LIVED EXPERIENCES AS GERONTOLOGISTS AND GERIATRICIANS?

Abstract Reflecting on my development as a professor of gerontology has become a normative part of my mid-life career. Through this reflection, I have identified 4 stages of career progression, none of which were planned nor anticipated. I have labeled the stages: 1. Content and Logistics; 2. Confidence and Innovation; 3. Generativity and Meaning; and 4. Being the Other. This last stage, which I presently float in and out of, has made me very aware that my teaching about aging has intersected with my personal aging and unexpectedly, has shaped my personal pedagogy in profound ways--increased empathy, sensitivity, and social awareness. I am living the subject matter I thought I intimately knew. I am the other. Has my teaching been inauthentic? Hypocritical? Ageist? Aging and ageism are now personal. Others have written about this mental transition or awakening (Brody, 2010; Cohen et al., 2022; Greenberg, 2022; Pruchno, 2017; Scheidt, 2017), but very little scholarship has been directed towards this phenomenon. O’Neill (2016) also brings attention to this shares, “Although geriatric medicine is widely perceived as an advocate for older people, it is striking how little scholarship has been directed towards the attitudes and personal beliefs of geriatricians toward ageing and, in particular, towards their own future narratives.” This presentation will draw from the existing literature to frame this emergent 4th stage of career progression and begin the discussion about how this insight can be leveraged to advance the fields of gerontology/geriatrics and teach the next generation of scholars.

About some factors of stress generation of parental role in ‟intensive” parents

The study presents the results of a two-stage study of the influence of basic personal and parental beliefs on parenting stress in the context of intensive parenting practices on a sample (N = 287) of parents. The aim of the study is to study the characteristics of parental stress in parents focused on intensive parenting practices, as well as to search for factors that influence the stressfulness of the parental role. At the first stage of the study, three empirical groups of parents are distinguished depending on the severity of attitudes towards intensive parenthood, and the characteristics of psycho-emotional well-being among ‟involved”, ‟intensive” and ‟detached” parents are described. At the second stage of the study, stress factors are considered in groups with the severity of attitudes towards intensive parental practices - ‟intensive” and ‟detached” parents. It has been established that dissatisfaction with parenthood acts as a significant sign or mechanism for the development of parental stress, regardless of the attitudes and practices of education. The factors of protection from the stressfulness of the parental role of ‟intensive” parents are: 1) positive basic personal ideas about oneself, about the world as an expression of the ‟I-Image”, reflecting the self-esteem of the individual. Basic personal beliefs reduce parenting stress and its components and increase parenting satisfaction; 2) positive parenting beliefs are beliefs associated with self-confidence as a parent. In other words, the negative impact of parental stress factors is determined not only by their intensity, but by the subjective context of the perception of parenthood as a vital sphere and social role and oneself in this role.

Machine Learning Clustering Analysis Towards Educator’s Readiness to Adopt Augmented Reality as a Teaching Tool

The advanced digital revolution has shifted conventional teaching and learning into digital education. In consistency with digital education, Augmented Reality (AR) applications started to shine in the education industry for their ability to create conducive teaching and learning environments, especially in remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Movement Control Order (MCO) implemented in the year 2020 has led to emergency remote teaching and learning without much preparation for all educators and learners. Throughout these few years, most educators got familiar with digital teaching tools and online teaching platforms. Hence, this study aims to explore educators’ readiness to adopt AR as a teaching tool in their teaching during the endemic period. A quantitative approach via questionnaire has been distributed to the Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) in the states of Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Machine learning using a clustering technique was used to find patterns between the demographics of educators towards the AR perception of educators. The results revealed that educators' perceptions of AR technology are influenced by their familiarity with it, their personal beliefs, and their attitudes toward technology. This study provides an insightful overview of the benefits of AR applications in education and the implications of the adoption of AR in Malaysian schools and educational institutions. It also highlights the importance of motivating educators and students to embrace AR as an enhancement learning tool, providing a valuable discussion for the government, learning institutions, and educators on the implementation of AR in Malaysia.

Are Female Undergraduates at the University of Calabar Equipped with the Knowledge, Positive Attitudes, and Effective Practices of Contraceptives?

BACKGROUND: The global challenge of rapid population growth necessitates family planning programs to address reproductive health needs and control population increase. However, unintended pregnancies, particularly among adolescents, remain a significant problem, leading to increased risks of sexually transmitted infections and unsafe abortions. In Nigeria, contraceptive use is low among youths, resulting in high incidences of induced abortions and sexually transmitted infections. Barriers such as religious beliefs, cultural factors, limited availability, personal beliefs, and fear of side effects contribute to the under-utilization of contraceptives. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among female undergraduates of the University of Calabar, Cross River State. Data was collected using a 42-item questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. Multi-stage sampling was employed, and data was analyzed with IBM SPSS version 26 using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 21.5 ± 2.72 years. Most participants were in their first (26.7%) or second (22.6%) level of study. 28.8% were in sexual relationships, while 71.2% were not. Approximately a quarter of respondents had experienced symptoms of sexually transmitted infections. 71.5% had no knowledge of emergency contraception. Condoms (71.2%) and pills (54.5%) were the most commonly mentioned methods of contraception, while tubal ligation was the least popular (4.7%). The main benefit cited for contraception was the prevention of unwanted pregnancy (92.2%). 47.3% had no idea about the side effects of contraception, with irregular menstruation being the most commonly mentioned side effect (19.3%). Friends/peers, the internet, and school were the primary sources of information on contraception. 56.4% believed that contraception is not solely for females and should not be reserved for the literate. Over a third of respondents thought contraception encourages promiscuity and has too many side effects, with more than half demanding contraceptive services on campus. Less than half of the respondents (43.9%) reported using contraception at some point, with even smaller percentages using contraception in the last six months (25.2%) or during their last sexual intercourse (23.8%). Of the 101 who used contraceptives in their last sexual intercourse, the majority (83%) used condoms, while pills (7%) and emergency contraception (10%) were less common. Preferred sources for contraception were pharmacies (57.5%) and chemist shops/patent medicine vendors (24.7%). Religion (41.5%), fear of side effects (34.9%), and partner consent (28.3%) were the main influences on contraceptive use. Several factors were significantly associated with contraception utilization, including age, partner's educational level, knowledge of contraception, and level of study (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The low utilization of contraception among female undergraduates at the University of Calabar despite high awareness and poor knowledge highlights the need for interventions. Factors influencing utilization include age, knowledge, and level of study. Barriers such as religion, fear of side effects, and partner consent must be addressed. Recommendations include sensitization campaigns, establishing a youth-friendly center on campus, incorporating contraception into curricula, collaborating with NGOs, and increasing funding for research.

Inclusive Growth, A Gateway of Sustainable Development of Higher Education Through Open and Distance Learning in India

Education play important role for crucial development of society as well as young generation, because it build and developed a person's beliefs, ideologies, values and take a substantial role to inclusive growth of any country. Inclusive education refer to empowering of every children with skills and knowledge’s, given equal opportunity of every children to access education equally. At the present context open and distance learning open horizontal windows of education for increasing learner participations and educational opportunities for many compatible learners who are deprived of to access classroom education due to financial, sociocultural and geographical barriers. Open and distance learning education system focuses on open access to education and learners free from the constrains of time and place and also get the opportunities of flexible learning. Nowadays educational policy of India has been emphasize to integrations of many ICT tools (audio-visual media- radio, television broadcast, video compact disc, video text, computer etc) and e-learning platform(SWAYAM,DIKSHA). For improvement of inclusive growth through open and distance learning for the quality of education and its aims to providing support and facilitated quality, access and equity for learning process in distance learning through interactive activities, by the inclusive growth through open and distance learning advocating peer to peer collaboration and also impact a great sense of autonomy and responsible learning. By the using of ICT integrated tools in education curriculum evaluation can be diversified and building intellectual capability of learners as well as inclusive growth of higher education system. Higher education is the backbone of any knowledge society. Availability, accessibility, acceptability of learning recourses of higher education level can be lead sustainable inclusive growth of education system and also give the opportunity of education for all students at same platform. National Educational Technology Forum(NETF) is a important scheme of Nation Education Policy(NEP)-2020 which will be created to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning ,assessment ,planning ,administration and so on both school and higher education. Open and distance learning one of the most rapidly growing field of education nowadays, because of its major contribution in enhancing the Gross Enrollment Ratio(GER) in higher education and also have a sustainable impact on all education systems specially higher education.

The Barriers to Interprofessional Collaborative Practice: Perspectives from Australian Physiotherapy Private Practitioners

Background: Despite the growing presence of physiotherapy private practitioners within Australia’s healthcare workforce, little is known about their perspectives of interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP). This study aims to explore the barriers to IPCP from the perspective of Australian physiotherapy private practitioners. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 physiotherapists and 64 hours of observation was completed in 10 private practice sites in Queensland, Australia. Interview and observation data were pooled and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings: Data analysis produced five themes that characterized physiotherapists’ perspectives of IPCP: a) competition for clientele, b) personal attitudes and beliefs, c) time constraints and work schedules, d) geographic location, and e) rules of funding schemes. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that implementing IPCP in the Australian physiotherapy private practice setting presents several challenges. Financial concerns, such as physiotherapy private practitioners’ perceived need to compete for clientele, were significant barriers to IPCP. The introduction of financial incentives and adoption of alternative payment models may be necessary to provide physiotherapy private practitioners with a clear motivation to engage in IPCP. The need for more formal opportunities to bring health practitioners from diverse professional backgrounds together to gain new insights and knowledge of other professions’ expertise and challenge their own assumptions was also highlighted.

Attitudes of healthcare professionals in primary healthcare about influenza vaccination

Introduction: Influenza is a viral respiratory disease. The most effective way to counteract that disease is by vaccination. Due to aerosol transmission of the virus, its virulence, and the amount of patient–healthcare worker contact in primary care, it is highly recommended for both patient and healthcare worker to get vaccinated.Aim: The study aims to investigate attitudes about flu vaccination among primary healthcare professionals.Material and methods: Quantitative methodology was used in the descriptive cross-sectional survey. That was carried out using a survey questionnaire in 12 healthcare centers around Styria in Slovenia, where the target group of the survey was healthcare professionals in health centers. The data was processed using descriptive statistics, calculating average values, and presented in tables and graphs.Results: Vaccination among healthcare professionals in healthcare centers was found to be higher compared to other studies. They are vaccinated primarily to protect themselves, their family, and their patients. The ones not vaccinated choose to opt out due to personal beliefs regarding their health and the side effects caused by the vaccine. It was also established that free vaccination would contribute greatly to increased interest, as well as vaccination during working hours and a higher number of vaccination sites. Discussion: Based on our results, only a third of healthcare professionals in health centers are vaccinated regularly each year. As vaccination rates are low among healthcare professionals, raising awareness among them and the general population regarding the importance of flu vaccination is of great importance.Conclusion: The vaccination of healthcare professionals in health centers is quite good; however, there is some space for improvement in vaccination coverage. Further prospective research on this topic is needed to obtain a broader aspect of the vaccination problem. In addition to vaccination, we can prevent the spread of influenza through other safeguards and good hygiene habits.

Perception of illness and death in the nursing setting

This paper delves into how nurses perceive illness and death and how it impacts their daily practice. Nurses' perceptions are shaped by their educational background, professional experience, personal beliefs, and cultural context. They receive training in disease management and palliative care, providing them with the knowledge to approach these situations professionally. However, personal experiences, beliefs, and emotions also influence their response. The evolution of medical science has led to the medicalization of death, with nurses often caring for dying patients in hospital settings. The emotional burden on nurses necessitates emotional self-awareness and support networks to manage stress and trauma effectively. Cultural influences play a significant role in how nurses perceive illness and death. Some cultures avoid open discussions about death, creating communication barriers. Nurses must develop culturally sensitive communication skills to provide respectful care. Various medical traditions, such as Western medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Indigenous medicine, offer different perspectives on illness and death. Cultural differences extend to funeral practices and beliefs about the afterlife. Anonymous interviews with nurses highlighted their diverse responses to death and the emotional toll it can take. Support programs and psychological assistance should be available to help nurses cope with these challenges. In conclusion, nurses' perceptions of illness and death are multifaceted, influenced by education, experience, personal beliefs, and culture. Emotional management and institutional support are crucial for effective patient care. Creating an environment that encourages open communication and respect for these issues is essential. Nurses must engage in ongoing self-reflection to provide compassionate care and address the complex emotional aspects of their profession

INTERPRETATION OF ART AND ARCHITECTURE

The interpretation of art involves examining the meaning behind a work of art, which may include its historical, cultural, social, and political contexts. Similarly, the interpretation of architecture involves analyzing the meaning behind a building's design, style, and construction. The architecture was essentially practical in ancient times, offering shelter and security for individuals and communities. As cultures got more complicated, though, architecture became increasingly intricate and symbolic. Gothic architecture, for example, arose throughout the medieval period as a representation of Europe's spiritual beliefs.Architecture has evolved to reflect shifting ideals and views in the contemporary period. The Industrial Revolution resulted in the development of new materials and construction processes, which resulted in the rise of new architectural styles such as Art Nouveau and Art Deco. In architecture, the twentieth century saw a trend towards functionalism and minimalism, with architects like Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe arguing for a machine aesthetic. The aim of this study is to explore the interpretation of art and architecture, focusing on the subjective nature of interpretation and how it is dependent on the viewer's understanding and cultural context. The objective is to analyze examples of famous architects and buildings, such as Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, Zaha Hadid's Guangzhou Opera House, and Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye, to illustrate the different forms and styles of architecture and the various interpretations that they can elicit. By examining these examples, this study aims to provide insights into the ways in which architecture can reflect cultural, social, and political values, as well as the personal beliefs of the architect.

Various Alternative Therapies and their Treatment on Various Disease

The alternative medicine encompasses a diverse array of therapies and practices diverging from conventional biomedical approaches. This study delves into the multifaceted nature of alternative therapies, including Ayurveda, homeopathy, acupuncture, naturopathy, yoga, herbal medicine, massage therapy, and more. Emphasizing its widespread use globally, the research examines the reasons behind its popularity, citing factors like patient autonomy and alignment with personal beliefs. The assessment evaluates the effectiveness of these therapies in treating various illnesses and their acceptance among diverse populations. Additionally, the paper discusses the coexistence and integration of alternative medicine with traditional healthcare systems and highlights the challenges and perceptions surrounding its adoption. This exploration underscores the increasing embrace of alternative medicine and its role in healthcare alternatives for a substantial segment of the population