Personal Beliefs Research Articles

The Past Evolution, Present Challenge and Future Prospect of the Post-Truth Research

In the past few years, the phenomenon of post truth has become popular in Western countries. It refers to the fact that public emotions and personal beliefs have a greater impact on facts than the actual situation itself. The history of the post truth phenomenon can be traced back to the 1970s, but in recent years, due to the widespread use of digital and social media, the spread of fake news has become even more rampant. The phenomenon of post truth has become a new political culture, regarded as a manifestation of populist movements that resist elites. Currently, the post truth phenomenon faces some challenges. With the frequent occurrence of major public emergencies, new impetus has been provided for the popularization and complexity of post truth. After the COVID-19, people began to connect their personal situation with the health of the whole society, which further aroused the public's attention to the truth. However, studying post truth faces many challenges, such as how to explain the phenomenon of post truth, the motivation of fake news, and the persuasive strategies of news. In future prospects, the focus of truth after research may shift towards the role of emotions. Emotions are increasingly valued in social sciences. Understanding the relationship between emotions and facts will help to better understand post truth phenomena. Emotion is not only the opposite of truth or rationality, but also an important component of cognitive psychology and even a resource for social mobilization and integration. Further research on the role of emotional discourse will help reveal the social and cultural aspects of post truth phenomena. In summary, the evolution of post truth phenomena, current challenges, and future prospects are all important aspects of studying post truth. A thorough study of the history, motivation, and impact of post truth phenomena will help us better understand and respond to the challenges of post truth phenomena, and provide new directions for future research.

COVID-19 MANDATORY VACCINATION OF SPECIAL STATUS PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES. AN ANALYSIS OF REQUESTS FOR EXEMPTION IN THE US AIR FORCE

One of the largest public sector operations in the world is within the United States of America military, with over 2 million service members and approximately 1.4 million full-time equivalent civilian workers, with bases and operations in at least 80 different nations. The US military made COVID-19 vaccinations (COVAX) mandatory among all members but allows for requests to accommodate refusals for reasons of personal beliefs. These can be beliefs of conscience, personal morality or religious expression, whether from organized or individual tenets. Multiple articles have been produced during the COVID-19 pandemic identifying willingness to receive COVAX or reasons for COVAX reluctance and refusal, but almost all data has been obtained from short-response surveys. Taking a departure from that, this study reviews the qualitative data from over 100 extensive interviews conducted with individual military members (from the US Air Force) who requested COVAX exemption. Their reasons given to refuse vaccination are also provided in a letter written by the member, regardless of rank, directly to the general at the top of their particular command. Examination of the reasons given provides unique insights into the thought processes of requestors. Regardless of the request’s outcome, this data demonstrates the administrative and policy importance placed by the US military on at least considering personal beliefs, even in a pandemic, and protecting individual freedoms, even of military members with curtailed rights. By far, disproportionate requests came from lower ranks with some mid-level leadership making formal requests to refuse the COVAX. In this sample, no top leadership requested exemptions. The analysis finds evidence for pressure exerted on members to not submit an exemption request. For those who did, the 111 requests were not a static or set doctrinal view. Arising from at least 29 distinct religious traditions, all requests showed signs of an emerging or developing sense of belief praxis in the face of new situations. Other dominant patterns also emerged. The study found critical objections to the use of fetal stem lines in developing available vaccines and concerns about potential vaccine side effects to the requestor’s body. Trust in the process and a sense of autonomy in participation also were found to be critically import to most requests.

Patients’ Perceptions of Quality in Healthcare: A review

An individual’s perception is their reality. Due to individual expectations two patients can provide different satisfactionscores after receiving the same care. It reflects how that care is supposed to be delivered as perceived by the patient.The individualized perception of a patient is influenced by patient’s individual values, personal beliefs, culturalbackground, age, education level, socioeconomic status, health literacy, and previous health care experiences. Patientsperceived low quality of physical care are extremely complicated to explain. Patients socio-demographic variables,especially age, sex, level of education, income, family background, ethnicity all can influence perceived satisfaction.The overall quality measure is either satisfying or dissatisfying. The health care administrators, health educatorsand other stakeholders and the community at large are in constant pressure to improve the patient perception ofquality health care. The increase in perceived care quality from the patients’ perspective are associated with improvedenvironmental conditions, care quality related to the health care personnel, information-communication andtechnological development. The high-tech environment may not improve patients’ perceptions towards quality careprovided by health care personnel if there is no empathy. Patient-centered service is recognized as a core componentof quality care. Patient-centered care is cost-effective and improves outcomes and patients are genuinely involved inhealthcare decisions and their preferences are considered, the result is better health, more involved patients and lowercosts.

Fear of the unknown: Experience of frontline healthcare workers with coping strategies used to face the COVID 19 pandemic.

The COVID 19 pandemic presented various challenges among health care workers, one of them being the impact it has on mental health. The psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, insomnia and stress, all consequences of the pandemic cause psychopathological outcomes reverberating negatively on the emotional well-being of health care workers. This study aimed to explore the experience of frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a middle-income country in Latin America and to identify the coping mechanisms they used to face stressful situations during this time. A qualitative study based on an interpretative paradigm was conducted allowing to examine complex, ambiguous and emotionally loaded topics to explore in detail the experience of frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through convenience sampling eleven frontline HCWs were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. An inductive analysis was done with four pre-established categories: the experience of HCWs during the attention of COVID-19 patients, the experience during their own infection, the experience during the work reintegration and the coping mechanisms used. Our results show that fear and uncertainty predominated throughout the attention of COVID-19 patients. Participants used both coping strategies based on problem-solving efforts, such as routine changes, and emotional management efforts, like social support or psychological counselling. The choice of coping strategies was influenced by their personal beliefs, past emotional experiences, and prior medical formation. These findings provide public and private institutions insight for creating effective policies, based on the HCWs' preferences, to promote their psychological well-being.

Advancing Diversity in Behavior Genetics: Strategies for Incorporating Undergraduates into Student-Driven Research.

Undergraduate research experiences are crucial for fostering the next generation of behavior genetics researchers. However, incorporating undergraduates into research can be challenging for faculty mentors. In this article, we provide strategies for successfully integrating undergraduates into behavior genetics research based on our experiences mentoring undergraduates in our lab. These strategies include: (1) Practicing reflexivity, specifically an ongoing self-examination and critical self-awareness of personal biases, beliefs, and practices; (2) Implementing an Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Access (IDEA) centered approach; (3) empowering students through clear expectations; (4) Providing focused training and mentorship; (5) Aligning research projects with student interests; (6) Assigning meaningful tasks; and (7) Facilitating professional development opportunities. By following these strategies, faculty mentors can cultivate a supportive and inclusive research environment that empowers undergraduates for successful careers in behavior genetics research.

Strengthening health monitoring: Intention and adoption of Internet of Things-enabled wearable healthcare devices.

Health self-monitoring technologies are gaining popularity worldwide, but they face low adoption rates in emerging countries. There is a deficiency in studies that have applied the value-belief-norm (VBN) model to understand the adoption of IoT-enabled wearable healthcare devices (WHDs). This study investigates the adoption of IoT-enabled WHDs among older adults in China, using the VBN model as a theoretical framework. Using a convenience sampling method and a web-based cross-sectional survey method, we collected data from 476 respondents, which we analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling using Smart PLS version 3.3.5. The findings highlight the significance of health values and motivation in shaping personal health beliefs, which, in turn, influence personal norms and awareness of consequences. Particularly, awareness of consequences and attributions of responsibility significantly impact personal norms. Personal and social norms, in turn, strongly affect the intention to adopt IoT-enabled WHDs, ultimately driving their actual adoption. This research contributes novel insights into the behavioral dynamics surrounding the adoption of IoT-enabled WHDs, providing valuable guidance for marketers and policymakers. Marketers can leverage these insights to develop tailored marketing strategies within the IoT-enabled WHD industry. Additionally, policymakers are urged to prioritize campaigns aimed at enhancing awareness and understanding of self-healthcare monitoring, with a focus on promoting the unique health benefits of IoT-enabled WHDs.

Exploring School Climate and Teacher Self-Efficacy in Indonesian Senior High School

<p><span lang="EN-US">School climate and teacher self-efficacy were correlated with research areas on physical, physiological, and personal and collective beliefs. Quantitatively, prior studies have reported positive results on students' performance. However, scant evidence in the school climate body of literature explored from a qualitative perspective to describe why and how teacher self-efficacy contributes to a positive school climate beyond students’ performance. Therefore, this study explores school climate and teacher self-efficacy in an Indonesian senior high school. Moreover, this study approached Yin’s (2018) case study with qualitative design. The case was one of an urban school with the school’s paradigm and policy to integrate technology into the teaching process to face the entertainment industry. Eight teachers were recruited from four subjects (e.g., Bahasa Indonesia, Physical, Social, and Biology). The data were collected through observations and interviews, and we employed thematic analysis. Our study shows that 1) physical school climate with sufficient school facilities and technology supported the development of good school climate that facilitated teachers to seek feedback and reflection; 2) teachers' self-feedback and peer evaluative feedback became a point of departure for teachers' engagement with teachers’ sources of self-efficacy that affected their development of teaching performance and strategy. Theoretical and practical implications of school climate and teacher self-efficacy will also be discussed.</span></p>

Identifying facilitators and barriers to the uptake of medication for opioid use disorder in Washington, DC: A community-engaged concept mapping approach.

Opioid overdose is a major public health challenge. We aimed to understand facilitators and barriers to engagement in medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among persons with OUD in Washington, DC. We used a cross-sectional mixed-methods concept mapping approach to explore MOUD engagement between 2021-2022. Community members at-large generated 70 unique statements in response to the focus prompt: "What makes medication for opioid use disorder like buprenorphine (also known as Suboxone or Subutex) difficult to start or keep using?" Persons with OUD (n = 23) and service providers (n = 34) sorted and rated these statements by theme and importance. Data were analyzed with multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis, producing thematic cluster maps. Results were validated by our community advisory board. Seven themes emerged in response to the focus prompt: availability and accessibility; hopelessness and fear; unmet basic needs; characteristics of treatment programs; understanding and awareness of treatment; personal motivations, attitudes, and beliefs; and easier to use drugs. "Availability and accessibility," "hopelessness and fear," and "basic needs not being met" were the top three identified barriers to MOUD among consumers and providers; however, the order of these priorities differed between consumers and providers. There was a notable lack of communication and programming to address misconceptions about MOUD's efficacy, side effects, and cost. Stigma underscored many of the statements, showcasing its continued presence in clinical and social spaces. This study distinguishes itself from other research on MOUD delivery and barriers by centering on community members and their lived experiences. Findings emphasize the need to expand access to treatment, dismantle stigma associated with substance use and MOUD, and address underlying circumstances that contribute to the profound sense of hopelessness and fear among persons with OUD-all of which will require collective action from consumers, providers, and the public.

Willingness to use smart fetal heart rate monitoring devices among pregnant women: an extension of the technology acceptance model.

The purpose of this study was to assess the significant factors that impact pregnant women's willingness to use smart fetal heart-rate monitoring devices. We propose a research model that integrates technological factors (perceived compatibility and perceived credibility) and personal factors (health anxiety, personal physiological conditions, health consciousness, and health beliefs). The subjects of this study were Chinese women who were pregnant or had previously given birth. Data were collected and analyzed from 397 paper-and-pencil and electronic questionnaires. Our structural equation model indicated that perceived usefulness (β = 0.490, t = 7.591, p < 0.001), perceived ease of use (β = 0.352, t = 5.631, p < 0.001), health anxiety (β = 0.095, t = 2.664, p = 0.008), personal physiological conditions (β = 0.075, t = 2.142, p = 0.032), and health consciousness (β = 0.078, t = 2.110, p = 0.035) were the determinants of the intention to use smart fetal heart-rate monitoring devices, with perceived usefulness having the highest degree of influence. Furthermore, we discovered that the levels of perceived compatibility and perceived credibility did not have direct correlations with the intention to use these devices, but they did significantly influence the model. Perceived compatibility (β = 0.345, t = 6.601, p < 0.001) and perceived credibility (β = 0.519, t = 9.958, p < 0.001) significantly influences perceived ease of use. Perceived credibility (β = 0.421, t = 7.802, p < 0.001) significantly influences perceived usefulness. Based on these results, suggestions for future research are put forward.

Presenting a Structural Model of the Drivers Influencing Investor Behavior Considering Their Perception of Stock Returns

Objective: The aim of this study is to present a structural model of the drivers influencing investor behavior, considering their perception of stock returns. Methodology: This research is applied in nature and adopts a descriptive-analytical approach. The methodology is mixed and carried out in both quantitative and qualitative phases. The statistical population for the qualitative phase consists of academic experts and managers of listed companies. Using snowball sampling and theoretical saturation, 11 participants were selected. The data collection tool for the qualitative phase was semi-structured interviews based on theoretical foundations. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. For the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire, derived from the qualitative model and validated for reliability and validity, was distributed among a stratified sample of 213 respondents. The paths and causal relationships between the external and internal constructs in the structural model were confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: The findings indicated that the drivers influencing investor behavior based on their perception of stock returns include "demographic factors, fundamental principles of the stock market, individual and psychological characteristics, risk tolerance capacity, and personal values and beliefs." In the quantitative section, the path coefficients were greater than 0.3, and the corresponding t-values exceeded 1.96, confirming all the paths. Conclusion: In investors' decision-making based on their perception of stock returns, behavioral factors and contextual variables such as demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, education, and individual perspectives) play a significant role. Additionally, proper and data-driven fundamental analysis in the stock market leads to more optimal investment decisions. Ultimately, risk acceptance and increasing the risk threshold significantly help individuals make profitable decisions based on technical analyses.

'n Interseksionele ondersoek: Godsdiens, feminisme, identiteit en behoort in geselekteerde

Religion is a common theme in Afrikaans literature. Religious references are used in many ways-during the anti-apartheid struggle it was (for instance) employed to protest the actions of the government in literary texts such as poetry. Similarly, women poets use religion, which is usually associated with patriarchy, as a metaphor for struggles with identity and belonging. Spirituality and organised religion are also shown to be differing concepts with organised religion being the product of society which influences the position of different genders within its stuctures. Spirituality refers to something inherently human related to the individual's personal belief system. In this article, religious reflections in poetry by three very different female poets will be explored as musings on how religion and belonging to a religious tradition are experienced. This will be done from the perspective of postsecular feminism, which does not revert to binary oppositions when discussing religion, but grapples with it in an intersectional way, as argued by Nandini Deo. An intersectional feminist approach will therefore be utilised to analyse selected poems of Lynthia Julius in Uit die kroes (From the kroes) (2020), of Corné Coetzee in nou, hier (now, here) (2017) and of Radna Fabias in Habitus (2018). Julius, a young black woman, and Coetzee, an older white woman, are Afrikaans poets whose work can be viewed as containing feminist ideas while also exploring the role of religion. Fabias, a black Dutch poet from Curaçao, represents a transnational example where similar themes are explored as in the work of the two Afrikaans poets, albeit from a very different intersectional position. In this article, intersections of, not just gender and race, but also culture, language, politics, nationality, age, ethnicity and identity are considered when understanding a woman's sense of belonging to a religion.

Patient Autonomy Versus Intervention: Geriatric Care Dilemmas.

Background: The ethical challenges faced by physicians when patients or their families refuse medical interventions are particularly complex in geriatric care. This manuscript explores the delicate balance between professional recommendations and patient autonomy, focusing on the nuanced decisions surrounding enteral nutrition in older patients. Methods: Two case studies are presented: a 99-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease, and an 82-year-old man with Alzheimer's disease. Both cases involve the recommendation of a nasogastric tube for enteral nutrition, and the subsequent patient and family responses to this intervention. Results: In the first case, the patient and her family initially refused the tube due to personal beliefs and financial concerns, leading to a focus on psychological support and symptom management. The patient eventually agreed to the tube, but tragically passed away shortly after. In contrast, the second case resulted in the patient's family agreeing to the tube after a thorough discussion, leading to a successful recovery and the patient's ability to eat orally 6 months later. Conclusions: The cases underscore the importance of patient-centered care, clear communication, and empathy in geriatric medicine. They highlight the need for healthcare providers to respect patient autonomy, be aware of their own biases, and engage in open dialogue with patients and families. The manuscript advocates for a nuanced approach to medical ethics, where the patient's journey is guided with respect and care, honoring their wishes while striving for the best possible outcomes.

Criterion-level characteristics of the formation of the personal beliefs system in crisis conditions

У статті розкрито критеріально-ступеневі характеристики сформованості системи переконань особистості в кризових умовах (у перебігу вимушеного переселення). Встановлено, що для більшості респондентів притаманні цінності гуманізму: прагнення до добра, соціальної справедливості, кохання. Проте, внаслідок обмеженого спілкування з рідними з причин вимушеного переселення, з’являються різного роду фрустрації. Виявлено, що більше половини вимушених переселенців, віднесених до групи соціально мобільних, задоволені життям після переїзду більшою мірою, ніж до нього, що можна тлумачити як наслідок мобілізації внутрішніх ресурсів у кризових умовах, коли необхідно вибудовувати власне життя докорінно по-іншому. Застосування методу факторного аналізу уможливило виокремлення фундаментальних ознак, заснованих на взаємозвʼязку системи переконань та життєвої задоволеності особистості в кризових умовах. За даними факторного аналізу такими факторами виявилися: «Фундаментальні уявлення про світ», «Соціальна задоволеність», «Задоволеність індивідуальним життєвим простором», «Задоволеність здоров’ям» та «Інтегральна життєва задоволеність». Здійснено порівняльний аналіз соціально-психологічних особливостей системи переконань вимушених переселенців та осіб, не змушених до переселення. З’ясовано, що між зазначеними категоріями респондентів є низка розбіжностей за показниками базових переконань та життєвої задоволеності. Це надало можливість виділити соціально-психологічні особливості системи переконань вимушених переселенців, віднесених до групи осіб із низькою соціальною мобільністю в кризових умовах, які полягають у різкому падінні відчуття субʼєктивного благополуччя, меншій задоволеності різноманітними аспектами життєдіяльності і життєздійснення (здоров’ям, трудовою діяльністю, відпочинком, власним настроєм, економічним становищем) та базовими переконаннями про себе та навколишній світ. Ключові слова: особистість, система переконань особистості, кризові умови, субʼєктивне благополуччя, вимушене переселення, соціальна мобільність.

U.S. Constitutional Originalism from Transcendence: The Founders’ Methodology

The characteristic that made the U.S. Constitution effective is the transcendence of the concepts it embodies. This essay seeks to define transcendence, its relationship to originalism in Constitutional interpretations, its historic origins, the consequences of rejecting them, and provide a truly originalist standard for Supreme Court decision-making. This transcendence has resulted in the U.S. being the only democracy since the Roman Republics to have been sustained over the long-term. Four specific areas are suggested by the Federalist Papers and many federal decisions over the last 50 years in the areas of civil rights, balance of power, public virtue, and judicial restraint. In civil rights, restoring the Constitutional diversity of this extended Republic would reverse the present “diversity, equity and inclusion” and its destructive policy. The recovery of the free exercise of religion from its “sincere personal belief” status would encourage a moral way of thinking and living by restoring Article I in the Bill of Rights to its proper status.

A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of a Modernist Work Composed in Captivity: Olivier Messiaen, "Quartet for the End of Time"

French composer Olivier Messiaen, who joined the French army as a medic in the Second World War, was imprisoned by the Germans as a prisoner of war in Görlitz's Stalag VIII A camp in June 1940. Because he did not actively fight in the war as a medic, a German officer sympathized with Messiaen, secretly delivering him paper, pencils and erasers and even having a room in the rectory cleared for him to compose. Quatuor pour la fin du temps (Quartet for the End of Time) was composed in such an environment. The fact that the piece includes a non-standard instrumental combination consisting of piano, cello, violin, and clarinet as a quartet is a result of the existing instruments in the camp and the presence of competent musicians playing them. The structural design of the work includes both musical and mystical qualities on the axis of Messiaen's personal belief. The work, which consists of eight parts in total, symbolizes timelessness, that is, eternity, by depicting the seven days of creation and the eighth day when God rests, as represented in the Bible. The premiere of the work took place on January 15, 1941, in front of an audience of four thousand prisoners and guards. In this article, the non-musical motivations and the composition techniques used in the work titled Quatuor pour la fin du temps are examined in relation to each other. The main purpose of the research is to discover the determining effects of the non-musical motivation, which guides the compositional process of the work, on the musical elements of the work. In addition to some technical aspects such as Indian rhythms/Indian modes, Greek rhythms, medieval classical rhythmic principles, French organ music tradition, synthetic modes/synthetic rhythms, and total serialism, Quatuor pour la fin du temps is also analyzed in terms of phenomena and concepts such as Catholicism, ornithology, and synesthesia. In the Introduction chapter, Messiaen's life is summarized on the basis of his personality as a composer, the compositional process of the Quartet is reviewed in the historical framework, and the research purpose, including the research methods used in this article are explained. In the following chapters, all movements of the Quartet are analyzed one by one. The compositional techniques used by the composer are examined in detail through the written out (text) analysis of the musical passages detailing them with footnotes whenever necessary, and these prose analyses are supported by musical examples of the relevant musical passages quoted from the Quartet’s score. The Conclusion chapter consists of the inferences and evaluations made from the findings.

A Study on the Role of Social Media in Shaping Post-Truth Politics

The advent of social media has revolutionized the way information is disseminated and consumed in the political arena. In recent years, the term "post-truth politics" has gained prominence, signifying a political landscape where emotions, personal beliefs, and misinformation often hold more wave than objective facts. This article explores the intricate relationship between social media and post-truth politics, shedding light on how these platforms have reshaped the political discourse. Through a comprehensive examination of the rise of social media, its influence on political communication, and a series of case studies, this article demonstrates the profound impact social media has had on the erosion of objective truth in politics. It delves into the psychology of misinformation, examining why individuals are susceptible to false information on social media and how echo chambers and filter bubbles contribute to the problem. Furthermore, the article examines the efforts to combat post-truth politics in the digital age, emphasizing the roles of fact-checking organizations, media literacy education, and the ethical responsibilities of social media companies. Ultimately, it underscores the complex and multifaceted nature of the relationship between social media and post-truth politics, highlighting the urgent need for a collective effort to address the challenges posed by this phenomenon in our contemporary society

Attitudes Towards Bachelor of Mountain Tourism Management (BMTM) Program Among the Students of Janapriya Multiple Campus, Pokhara

Attitude is the personal perception, beliefs and behaviour towards a particular object, person, thing or event. In psychology, an attitude refers to a set of emotion, belief, and behaviour toward a particular object, person, thing or event. The four years BMTM program is an autonomous program of JMC which is developed to serve the needs of the bright young students who have completed +2 level of education and are looking for a career education in entrepreneurship. The main objective of the study was to compare the attitude of girl and boys students toward the BMTM program of Janapriya Multiple Campus. Necessary data were collected through Likert scale questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, chi-square test through SPSS-20. The collected data related to students’ attitudes towards BMTM program of JMC revealed that most of the students have positive attitude towards the program. There is no difference between male and female students towards the BMTM program. Majority of students had no proper knowledge about the program. Campus administration and policy makers should concentrate on the publicity of the importance of the program for its sustainability.

Kas Yaralanmasının Evresine Göre Egzersiz Öz Yeterliliğindeki Farkın Araştırılması

Aim: Muscle injuries are common sports-related injuries that cause the most training loss. Self-efficacy refers to a person's personal belief that he/she can do the behavior necessary to reach his goal. This study aimed to examine the difference in exercise self-efficacy according to the grade of muscle injury in recreational and professional athletes.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Ninety-three patients who applied to the sports medicine outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with muscle injury and doing sports were included in the study. Gender, age, weight, height, sports branch and exercise duration per week, injury grade, and Tegner activity level of the patients diagnosed with muscle injury were recorded. The patients were asked to fill in the sports fitness index and athlete self-efficacy scale.&#x0D; Results: A significant difference was found in the sports fitness index score according to the grade of muscle injury (p=0.002), while there was no significant difference in the Tegner activity level (p=0.228) and athlete self-efficacy scale (p=0.791). A negative correlation was found between age and duration of exercise (r=-0.234, p=0.024), and age and Tegner activity level (r=-0.425, p

Качество жизни и его субъективная оценка: обзор литературы

The article presents a brief overview of scientific publications investigating the issue of subjective perception of the quality of life. etc. It is noted that the quality of life as an object of research has been considered since the second half of the XX century in the framework of interdisciplinary research reflecting a variety of approaches to understanding the essence and content of the quality of life and representing the quality of life as a concept, the perception of which varies depending on from the basic basis of the study. Thus, within the framework of medicine, the quality of life is considered in the context of human health, within the framework of sociology — in the context of social well-being and social interaction, etc. Subjective quality of life is an indicator of a person's self-esteem of the degree of satisfaction with physical, social, economic and other factors of life. The conducted review indicates that the study of the quality of life and the individualization of assessments of its elements is differentiated depending on the socio-demographic characteristics of the individual. It is concluded that the quality of life is a complex and multifaceted concept that is used to study various aspects of people's lives, including physical and psychological well–being, financial independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and life situation.

Examining the mindsets toward students’ writing competence and feedback-giving practices of Chinese university English writing teachers

Second language (L2) writing teachers’ personal beliefs can shape their feedback-giving practices. As a burgeoning area in L2 education, the mindsets framework offers us a novel theoretical perspective to analyze the impact of personal belief on feedback-giving practices. With 288 university English writing teachers from 28 provinces in China, this study examined their growth and fixed mindsets, as well as the five types of feedback-giving practices: scoring feedback, written corrective feedback, process-oriented feedback, expressive feedback, and peer and self-feedback. Paired sample t-test reported that teachers held significantly higher levels of growth than fixed mindsets. Repeated measures analysis of variance results indicated that expressive feedback was the most frequently used feedback approach, whereas written corrective feedback the least used approach. Structural equation modeling results found that growth mindsets were positively associated with all five types of feedback approaches, while fixed mindsets were only positively related to written corrective and process-oriented feedback. We interpreted the underlying mechanisms behind the varied associations between growth versus fixed mindsets with the five types of feedback-giving practices, and proposed suggestions for L2 writing teacher education.