Personal Space Research Articles

Image schemas in gestural metaphorical scenarios of swearing

Abstract The following study integrates the concept of image schema with the idea of gestural metaphorical scenario, showing how image schematic properties of gestures feed into a pragmatically-oriented gestural metaphorical scenario distributed across different speakers. The study shows that a gestural metaphorical scenario of swearing is based on several image schemas: the cognitively primary object image schema, the source-path-goal image schema, showing the trajectory of movement of an imaginary object, and the blockage image schema, enacting the meaning of not being willing to accept an imaginary object into the speaker’s personal space, effectively leading to blocking its way. The proposed integration also lends more credence to the idea of a multilevel metaphor, where a single metaphor is treated as consisting of various elements at different levels of schematicity. Apart from that, the study shows that the straight image schema, visible in pointing gestures, is a scenario-independent conceptual element surfacing when people use gestures while swearing, projecting a way out of the speaker’s personal space.

How Inpatient Psychiatric Units Can Be Both Safe and Therapeutic.

Inpatient psychiatric units should be therapeutic environments that support dignity and recovery. When adverse outcomes (eg, self-harm, violence) happen in these settings, clinicians and administrators can face litigation and other pressures to prioritize risk management over supporting patients' access to personal belongings, exercise equipment, and private spaces. This article describes these downward pressures toward sparser, controlling environments in inpatient psychiatric settings as a safety funnel and suggests strategies for balancing safety, humanity, and recovery in these contexts.

The Role of the Built Environment as a Therapeutic Intervention in Mental Health Facilities: A Systematic Literature Review.

This systematic literature review synthesizes and assesses empirical research concerning the use of the built environment as a therapeutic intervention in adult mental health inpatient facilities. The review explores the impact of facility design on patient outcomes. There is a growing recognition that the built environment in mental health facilities must strike a balance between ensuring safety and providing a therapeutic atmosphere. A review addressing how facility design contributes to this therapeutic environment is warranted. Database searches were conducted in CINAHL, Embase, PsychInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception up to March 10, 2022. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN50) critical appraisal checklists were used to assess the quality of included studies. Of the 44 peer-reviewed studies identified from nine countries, several factors emerged as vital for the therapeutic environment in mental health inpatient facilities. These included personal spaces prioritizing privacy and control of the environment, daylight-optimized spaces, versatile communal areas promoting activities and interaction, designated areas for visits and spiritual/contemplative reflection, homelike environments, the inclusion of artwork in units, open nursing stations, and dedicated female-only areas. Yet, there is a need for research yielding stronger evidence-based designs harmonizing with therapeutic needs. This review offers initial guidance on designing mental health facilities that foster a therapeutic environment, while highlighting that the influence of facility design on mental health inpatients is considerably under-researched.

ADAM: a robotic companion for enhanced quality of life in aging populations.

One of the major problems of today's society is the rapid aging of its population. Life expectancy is increasing, but the quality of life is not. Faced with the growing number of people who require cognitive or physical assistance, new technological tools are emerging to help them. In this article, we present the ADAM robot, a new robot designed for domestic physical assistance. It mainly consists of a mobile base, two arms with grippers and vision systems. All this allows the performance of physical tasks that require navigation and manipulation of the environment. Among ADAM's features are its modularity, its adaptability to indoor environments and its versatility to function as an experimental platform and for service applications. In addition, it is designed to work respecting the user's personal space and is collaborative, so it can learn from experiences taught by them. We present the design of the robot as well as examples of use in domestic environments both alone and in collaboration with other domestic platforms, demonstrating its potential.

When contexts collapse: How ubiquitous video cameras in the home during COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns transformed family representation

Utilising interviews from a range of caregivers and teachers alongside textual analysis of circulating and non-circulating videos made by children during the COVID-19 quarantine, this article examines the collaborative, experimental models of media making that emerged at this unique time. Children’s media-making practices during quarantine provided a window into and between personal dwelling spaces and private details, disrupting conventions of family self-representation while forcing a confrontation with the capitalist imperative to separate work and private life and for parents to produce, share, and monetize personal media content. This transformation in home mode media is bound up in making visible the incommensurability of home life and office labour, and the insistence of care (for each other) over careful production (of family and professional images).

Diferensial Ruang Personal di Café Haus pada Era New Normal

Title: Differentiation of Personal Space in Cafe Haus in the New Normal Era
 The cafe is a new place for visitors; it was initially only used to relax and drink coffee but has increased its function to become a place for other activities, such as studying or working. The period after the COVID-19 pandemic, the New Normal era, made these changes even stronger. Society, especially college students, are used to studying or doing something in a cafe. This indicates a personal space in each cafe that makes them interested and feel comfortable using it as their personal space for learning. Therefore, this study aims to understand the various kinds of personal space in Cafe Haus! The research method used is visual observation techniques and re-drawing of the cafe spaces. The results of these observations show that only two areas with personal space are from the three areas observed. The two areas are Areas 1 and 2 because the elements in those areas have sufficient boundaries to the areas outside them, while in Area 3, there are no similar elements. Boundary elements make an area private so that it is not easily disturbed by outside areas.

Pelanggaran-Pelanggaran Teritorialitas di Gerai Mixue Urip Sumoharjo

Title: Violations of Territoriality at Mixue Urip Sumoharjo Outlet
 The food and beverage industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly. One of them is the Mixue outlet, which has mushroomed since 2020. In its development, the strategic location of the Mixue Urip Sumoharjo outlet has made this outlet relatively busy with visitors. This study aims to analyze territorial violations committed by visitors to the Mixue Urip Sumoharjo outlet in response to the narrow dimensions of the Mixue outlet space. The author made systematic observations and analyzed the spatial layout in the first stage. After that, they observed the dine-in area and divided the space into three categories: primary territory, secondary territory, and public territory. The next stage is to analyze and describe territorial violations through layout diagrams in each area. This study found that the dimensions of space influence the user's behavioral response to fulfilling personal space.

Simulation of cross‐pedestrian flow in intersection based on direction fuzzy visual field

AbstractPedestrian flow refers to the spatiotemporal distribution of people moving in a defined area. At crosswalks, pedestrian dynamics exhibit complex self‐organization patterns resulting from interactions between individuals. This paper proposes a novel crosswalk pedestrian flow model based on the concept of directional fuzzy visual field (DFVF) to capture pedestrian heterogeneity. The DFVF defines fuzzy distributions of personal space and information processing capabilities, enabling improved representation of diversity compared to previous models. Incorporating k‐nearest neighbour rules in the DFVF pedestrian network topology also better mimics real‐world interactions. Using a cellular automata framework, pedestrian self‐organization effects like stratification and bottleneck oscillation are simulated at intersections. The model replicates empirically observed dynamics of density, velocity, and evacuation time. Results demonstrate that controlling pedestrian conflicts can effectively enhance crosswalk flow efficiency. This research introduces new techniques for simulating pedestrian psychology and behaviour, providing a valuable contribution to pedestrian flow theory and supporting crosswalk design optimization.

Influence of personal space occupation and on the consumer’s psychological status and effective communication

Communication at the point of sales is determined by a number of factors ranging from the layout of the furnishings to the establishment’ colors, sounds, and even smells. Nevertheless, another main aspect to consider, particularly following the impact of COVID 19, is the Floor Area Ratio (FAR) or the furnishings’ free space. The objective of this paper is to show that, despite the influence that the FAR has on the perception of the user at a psychological and communicative level, there is another ratio to take into consideration which demonstrates the impact of personal space occupation on communication and the consumer’s state of mind. A methodology has been designed to ascertain the consumer’s psychological and receptive status, and, moreover, to observe the influence of the number of subjects present in the commercial area. The methodology is based on a novel formula which provides a response to the need to include the number of consumers as a variable when understanding space. Our findings show that the FAR plays a key role in the user. Additionally, by comparing establishments under normal and extreme rates of occupation, the formula for the Personal Area Ratio (PAR), which also influences user perception, is validated.

Perceptions of GIM therapists transitioning from in-person GIM sessions to online platforms during Covid-19 restriction

In March 2020, when COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, therapists were required to make the transition from in-person, face-to-face sessions with clients to online telehealth sessions. The challenges for therapists practising The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music were particularly difficult. This study was conceived to understand how GIM therapists managed the transition and how they perceived the differences of in-person and online sessions. Seven therapists, all female, living and working in Australia completed in-depth interviews in June 2022 about each element of the session, and a thematic analysis identified grand themes and subordinate themes. Results show that there was a dislocation of physical, personal and therapy space online, with absent cues and missed opportunities for caregiving. Rapport was established online and the therapeutic process developed, but the components of the GIM session were not the same, and the transition for the therapist was challenging. Findings indicate that online GIM sessions may provide greater opportunity and immediacy for people to have therapy and experience GIM, but in-person GIM may provide greater safety and greater depth of experience. Limitations and future research recommendations are presented.

Perceived interpersonal distance changes in young Taiwanese pre and post SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

The persistent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, spanning over three years, has profoundly impacted daily life worldwide. Crucial measures like interpersonal distance (IPD) and mask-wearing have become paramount in preventing infection. With SARS-CoV-2 now resembling an endemic condition similar to influenza, it is vital to assess the changes in IPD influenced by relevant factors during and after the pandemic. This study concentrated on two specific stages (the pandemic stage and the post-pandemic era) and investigated variations in IPD with different test combinations. Variables taken into account encompassed the pandemic stage, participant gender, target gender, and mask-wearing status. We examined IPD data from 100 young individuals (50 males and 50 females) at each stage, with a one-year interval between tests. The results highlighted the substantial impact of all variables on perceived IPD during the pandemic phase (all p < 0.001). However, in the post-pandemic stage, only mask-wearing demonstrated a notable effect on IPD (p < 0.001). As the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic subsides, the enduring influence of mask usage on IPD persists. Nevertheless, the gap between the two mask-wearing scenarios diminishes, contracting from around 50 cm during the epidemic phase to 20 cm in the post-epidemic phase. Across these two pandemic stages, there was an overall reduction of approximately 90 cm in IPD, indicating a noteworthy decrease in perceived personal space and a consequential shortening of social proximity during the post-pandemic stage. This decrease in IPD may suggest the successful socio-cultural adaptation of the young Taiwanese individuals in our study during the post-pandemic era.

Negotiating with the Collective Ear

This article presents sound studies as a critical framework for architectural analysis. It positions architecture’s long-honored monogamy with visual communication as limited and instead connects the collective decision-making that constitutes listening with dynamics of power in shared and personal space. With this understanding, I argue that architects can be attuned to the audiosocial spaces they help to enforce and make different collective decisions about the removal and discipline of sound.

МОДЕЛЬ АРХИТЕКТУРНО-ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ПРИНЦИПОВ ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ АДАПТАЦИИ ЛЮДЕЙ С АУТИЗМОМ

Current architectural environment mostly accounts for the interests of its neurotypical users, which do not correspond with the needs of people with neurodiversity. The relevance of using certain architectural solutions for autistic people is based on their sensitivity to external stimuli, as well as statistics with increased rates of autism diagnoses. After analyzing theoretical works of foreign researchers and architects, and taking into account modern architectural solutions for people with autism spectrum disorder, we developed a model of architectural and spatial guidelines. It was based on five types of interaction between the autistic person and space: sense of self in personal space; sense of self in public space; perception of space around self; sensory sense of space; and sensory overload. The model considers the relationship between the person and the space, and prioritizes approaches to autism-friendly design such as differentiation, zoning, gradation, linking the external and internal environment, and specific architectural solutions. This design approach will adapt autistic people to interact with the environment in future, and may have a positive impact on the other user groups through "the curb-cut effect" (a phenomenon when solutions aimed at transforming the living conditions of a specific vulnerable user group help society as a whole). The model can be applied as a guide in architectural design and can also be used for future theoretical research.

The realisation of the children’s right of participation in the community children’s care home: The analysis of the children’s experiences

The objective of the study is to reveal the realities of the realisation of the children’s right of participation in the community children’s care home based on children’s experience. For the study, qualitative study was chosen while using a semi-structured interview method. Eight children living in the community children’s care homes (henceforth referred as CCCH), which are located in different sites in Lithuania, participated in the study. The study revealed the realization expression of the child’s right of participation and difficulties in realising it at CCCH. The realization expression of the children’s right of participation at CCCH should be attributed to the respect of employees for the right of the child of participation. It is expressed through the openness of employees to the opinion of the child, giving an opportunity for the child to speak out their opinion, and listening to the opinion of the child. Discussion of the child with the adult should take place as well as adhering of the adult to the opinion of the child when taking decisions, and the encouragement and support for the autonomy of children. The child’s right of participation is also realised in everyday situations while allowing the child to manage his personal space according to his needs, involving the child in the leisure planning and organisation. The child should have an opportunity to participate in leisure activities according to their likes and interests, as well as consulting with the child regarding household chores. The study identified that the realisation difficulties of the children’s right of participation at CCCH are attributable to the dominating position of the employee and the child’s lack of trust towards himself and his own opinion. The dominating position of the employee is expressed through the non-listening to the opinion of children, disagreement with the child, the devaluation of the opinion of the child, the lack of adhering to the opinion of the child and the overriding of the opinion of the child. The child’s lack of trust towards himself and his own opinion is linked with the belief of the child that his opinion is insignificant due to negative experiences in the past, the timidity of children to speak out their opinions and the unwillingness or fear of children to worsen their relationships with employees.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ И МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ СЕМЕЙ, В КОТОРЫХ ДЕТИ ЗАБОЛЕЛИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ

We determined the role of adult family members and their social problems in the emergence and development of TB in 30 young children and 50 older children and adolescents. Our research demonstrated that 78.9% of young children got infected with TB from their parents; 90% of mothers were sick, and 50% of them were HIV-positive; about 50% of children did not receive BCG. Ninety-two percent of families had low total income per member, did not have stable earnings, and the number of residential premises was less than the number of family members; the families demonstrated low level of social responsibility for the children. We also observed AIDS dissidence, TB danger denialism, projection of AIDS dissidence onto the child. We established that some situations required involvement of law enforcement agencies. The family role in TB development weakens in older children and adolescents; unsatisfactory living conditions deprive a teenager from personal space, and he/she has to spend more time out. Social problem solving is beyond healthcare capabilities and requires interdepartmental cooperation

Благотворительная деятельность представительниц дома Романовых в делопроизводственной переписке и источниках личного происхождения (1914-1917 гг.)

This article discusses a brief history of the evolution of the charitable activities of members of the Romanov dynasty from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th centuries, anticipating the main topic of the study. Further, on the basis of sources of personal origin (memoirs and personal correspondence) and clerical archival correspondence (reports from senior and middle officers, letters of petition from representatives of the masses), the question of the evolution of the charitable and medical activities of women of the Romanov dynasty during the First World War is studied. The biographies of the Grand Duchesses who performed the work of sisters of mercy during the First World War are studied. Much attention is paid to such important personalities for this period as Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna Sr., who was engaged in supplying the front and the evacuees, Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna, widely known for her charitable activities of the Martha and Mary Convent of Mercy, Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna and Maria Pavlovna the Younger, Princess of the Imperial blood Elena Petrovna, who performed the work of sisters of mercy at the front. In addition, the activities of the eldest daughters of Nicholas II, Olga and Tatiana, are considered. The list of functions that the Romanovs performed in hospitals and at the front, as well as their circle of contacts is reconstructed: the highest ranks, the nobility, the masses, etc. Attention is also drawn to how the status and degree of influence at court are associated with the decision of certain issues and challenges, as well as the theme of changing the position of women of the Romanov dynasty at the beginning of the 20th century and expanding their personal space beyond the framework of court life and culture.

Strengthening Data Privacy Laws in the Age of IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a revolutionary leap in the interconnectivity of devices, systems, and services, offering unprecedented convenience and efficiency. However, this rapid expansion of IoT devices into every facet of our lives also amplifies critical vulnerabilities in data privacy. The recent surge in cyber-attacks targeting IoT devices underscores the urgent need to strengthen legal mechanisms for consumer protection in this digitally pervasive era. Current data privacy laws are outpaced by the speed at which IoT technology evolves and integrates into our daily routines. From smart homes to health-monitoring devices, the spectrum of IoT's influence is vast and deeply integrated into personal spaces, making the protection of consumer data not just a necessity but a right. In response to these challenges, this letter calls for a robust overhaul of data privacy laws tailored to the unique complexities presented by the IoT. The age of IoT demands a reimagined legal framework that can keep pace with technological advancements while safeguarding the privacy and security of individuals. By strengthening legal mechanisms, we can ensure that the benefits of the IoT revolution are realized without sacrificing the privacy rights of consumers. Let this call to action serve as a foundation for meaningful legal reforms and a secure, privacy-respecting digital future.

Remote Tongue-based Control of a Wheelchair Mounted Assistive Robotic Manipulator and the Effect of Adaptive Semi-automation.

Increasing the independence of individuals with tetraplegia is a challenging task. One potential solution is to allow for use of an assistive robotic manipulator (ARM), when solving tasks in personal and remote space. There is a lack in available control interfaces that are suitable for severely disabled individuals. The aim of this paper is twofold: to allow for remote tongue-based control of an ARM and, to study the effect of semiautomation when compared with full manual control of an ARM. Ten able-bodied individuals participated in a two-day experiment where they were asked to drive a wheelchair mounted ARM away from the participant and out of sight. Thereafter, they should either pick up a strawberry or a bottle from a table. All the participants successfully finished three trials for three different control methods: 1) manual control (MA), 2) adaptive level semiautomation (SA), and 3) fixed level semi-automation (FA). The data was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. When grasping the strawberry, there was a significant decrease in the gripping time (60.16±9.13 vs. 90.62±10.06, p = 0.012) and number of used commands (0.73±0.07 vs. 0.86±0.09, p = 0.03) when using FA compared to MA. When grasping the bottle, the SA showed a significant reduction in gripping time (32.30±3.09 vs. 66.15±9.77, p = 0.022) and number of used commands (0.63±0.05 vs. 0.85±0.09, p<0.001) compared with MA. This paper is a step in the direction of providing severely paralyzed individuals with a way to increase their independence and overall quality of life.

БЕЗПЕЧНІСТЬ ТА БЕЗБАР’ЄРНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ГОТЕЛЬНОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА МІСТА ЛУЦЬКА В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

Today, the direction of the socio-economic development of the hospitality industry has changed in Ukraine. In the context of war, there is a growing number of people who need effective solutions in the service sector to improve the provision of inclusive services. Given the growing demand of hospitality establishments among tourists, including people with disabilities, the direction of introducing barrier-free services is becoming relevant. Such solutions will improve the quality and culture of service. The safety and barrier-free enterprises of the hotel industry of the city of Lutsk in the conditions of war are analyzed. An assessment of the results of the questionnaire of signs of safety and barrier-free, which was developed by the Department of Tourism and Promotion of the city of Lutsk, is given. The concept of inclusion and its specifics is analyzed. The problems of signs of physical barrier-free in the field of tourism in regulatory documents are considered. The number of persons with disabilities in the Volyn region from 2019 to 2023 is analyzed. The importance of providing inclusive space for persons with disabilities in Lutsk hotels has been established. Methods of solving problems of enterprises of hotel economy of Lutsk are proposed. The most common problems faced by the hotel sector of the city of Lutsk, as well as proposals for their solution, are investigated. It is proved that the creation of an accessible environment at the enterprises of the hotel industry of the city of Lutsk will allow people of all categories to exercise their rights and fundamental freedoms, for their full participation in the functioning of tourism and ensuring barrier-free. Many Ukrainian scientists are investigating the relevance of improving inclusive services in hotels. As a result of numerous studies, there is a need to improve the organization of services for people with special needs in the field of hospitality. This article states that Lutsk hotel establishments strive for positive changes in the field of inclusion, since this form of interaction between people with special needs and private business best reflects respect, and thereby takes into account their needs and responds to challenges from society caused by the war.

Harmony In Gestures: The Psychological Influence Of Well-Being On Corporate Nonverbal Communication

As we all know each and every employee is an important part of any organization and no matter the work or the position, every employee has their own importance and can affect the organization. The behaviours of any person or employee can be vary due to many reasons. Some of the most common reasons are leadership, work culture, personal life, job responsibility. A human has no control over these the situation and conditions which can cause them stress and can affect their behaviour and work which can directly have a huge impact on company. The company can also be called as second home for any employee as they spend most of the time in the company or doing company’s work. The behaviour is directly linked by the mental health of any person. So, the companies have to start prioritizing the mental health of the employee’s so that they can give their best to the company. Many companies have come up with the campaign, giving personal space for rest, meditation room, free meditation group course, yoga classes, snacks. These things might sound small but can left a huge impact on anyone. Google, EY, Nike, Apple, HBO, and many more are in list which are focusing on mental and physical wellbeing of the employee. The study has tried to cover the significance of mental health in organization. The steps now-a-days organization are taking to deal with it and how companies are evolving and changing their role from leader to empath, Hr to Counsellor and how companies are coming with the different idea of to deal with this situation.