Personal Files Research Articles

Личные дела священнослужителей епархиального делопроизводства как источник по истории Русской Православной Церкви середины – второй половины XX в. (на материалах Смоленского епархиального управления)

This article is devoted to the study of one of the least studied groups of historical sources - the personal files of clergy. The archive of the Smolensk diocesan administration was used as a representative material. Based on the causal method, it was possible to consider a number of personal affairs of clergymen and, on their basis, identify those thematic blocks, the study of which contributes to a fuller and deeper immersion in the historical realities of the existence of the Russian Orthodox Church through the prism of the life and work of the clergy. The documents of the diocesan archives are able to shed light on certain circumstances of the life of a clergyman of the Soviet period and see his true portrait thanks to the testimonies that have been preserved in personal files - service records, autobiographies, complaints, clippings from periodicals, etc. The determining factor in the objectivity of consideration of this kind of documents involves the use of an integrated approach that can fill those gaps that are inevitable in office work. In this regard, when studying the personal files of clergymen of the Soviet period, it is necessary to take into account the factor of verification of the information contained in them due to political realities and the subjectivity of decisions of one bishop or another, or employees of the diocesan administration. This work does not claim to be exhausted. On the contrary, this attempt at research is aimed, firstly, at drawing attention to the problem of the lack of knowledge of the designated kind of sources. Secondly, it seems important to pay attention to the safety and accessibility for researchers of diocesan archives. The latter requires special attention, and the fate of a significant layer of history not only of the Church, its ministers, but also of our state depends on the resolution of these issues.

My time with Franz Enzinger at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

By a set of curious chances, Dr. F.M.Enzinger went from being captured as a prisoner of war by the American Army in Normandy in 1944 to become Head of the Soft Tissue Department of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) in Washington DC and a friend of one of the directors, Major General Joe M. Blumberg. The author relates how he worked under Enzinger from 1967 to 1970. Enzinger would review all the slides of referred consultation cases on alternate days and record his diagnoses on filing cards kept in his personal file which supplemented the computerised AFIP central file. Periodic reviews of the files allowed him to retrieve large numbers of recognised tumors and to study potential cases of previously undescribed entities. During his 31 years at the AFIP, Enzinger lectured widely, wrote numerous papers on recognised entities, co-authored with Dr. Sharon W. Weiss their famous text book and discovered the following 26 previously undefined soft tissue tumors: clear cell sarcoma, intramuscular myxoma, epithelioid sarcoma, extra-skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, fetal rhabdomyoma, extra-skeletal Ewing's sarcoma, spindle cell lipoma, fibroma of tendon sheath, angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma, cranial fasciitis of childhood, intravascular fasciitis, pleomorphic lipoma, neuromuscular hamartoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, spindle cell hemangioma, fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digits, plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor, giant cell fibroblastoma as a juvenile form of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, ossifying fibromyxoid tumor, myolipoma of soft tissues, inflammatory fibrosarcoma, juxta-articular myxoma, atypical decubital fibroplasia, chondroid lipoma, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, and lipofibromatosis. His last discovery, co-authored by some of his AFIP followers, was published in 2000. He died in 2006. The AFIP itself was “disestablished” only five years later, which will make it very difficult for any future pathologist to exceed Enzinger's astonishing record of 26 “new” tumor discoveries.

Simulating the Genetics Clinic of the Future \u2014 whether undergoing whole-genome sequencing shapes professional attitudes

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can provide valuable health insight for research participants or patients. Opportunities to be sequenced are increasing as direct-to-consumer (DTC) testing becomes more prevalent, but it is still fairly unusual to have been sequenced. We offered WGS to fourteen professionals with pre-existing familiarity with an interest in human genetics — healthcare, science, policy and art. Participants received a hard drive containing their personal sequence data files (.BAM,.gvcf), without further explanation or obligation, to consider how experiencing WGS firsthand might influence their professional attitudes. We performed semi-structured pre- and post-sequencing interviews with each participant to identify key themes that they raised after being sequenced. To evaluate how their experience of the procedure evolved over time, we also conducted a questionnaire to gather their views 3 years after receiving their genomic data. Participants were generally satisfied with the experience (all 14 participants would choose to participate again). They mostly decided to participate out of curiosity (personal) and to learn from the experience (professional). Whereas most participants slightly developed their original perspective on genetic data, a small selection of them radically changed their views over the course of the project. We conclude that personal experience of sequencing provides an interesting alternative perspective for experts involved in leading, planning, implementing or researching genome sequencing services. Moreover, the personal experience may provide professionals with a better understanding of the challenges visitors of the Genetics Clinic of the Future may face.

Personal Files of the Expelled — A Source for the Research on the Special Settlement Regime

This article explores an important archival source, the personal files of deportees, the original form of the document compiled by the NKVD characterizing the identity of a person who is on special settlement. These are massive official documents of a personal nature, applied to all adults deported during World War II from different regions and republics of the former USSR. The author reveals previously classified personal files and documents on the legal status of special settlers. The introduction of new documents into circulation made it possible to shed light on many aspects of the life of deportees related to their social and legal adaptation in new places of settlements. A personal file clearly demonstrates both the conditions of detention at the special settlement, and changes in the regulatory framework governing the life of this category within the framework of the special settlement system in the USSR. In accordance with the ongoing changes, a special commandant introduced each special settler to the new standards, who were given receipts. The file contains four receipts that allow one to divide the period from 1944 to 1957 into four stages. The article emphasizes that for post-deportation generations, the presence of personal files containing personal data was a good opportunity in restoring not only history, but also genealogy. It has both important scholarly, socio-legal, and political significance for the study of destinies, both of individuals and of entire nations. As examples, some documents are contained in the personal files of the evicts.

FileWallet: A File Management System Based on IPFS and Hyperledger Fabric

Online file management systems enable cooperatively editing and sharing. However, due to the cost of communication and storage infrastructures, traditional online file management services, e.g., Google Drive and OneDrive, usually provide limited storage space and relatively low download speed for free users. To achieve better performance, ordinary users have to purchase their expensive services. Moreover, these file management systems are based on centralized architecture and bear the privacy leakage risk, because users’ personal files are stored and controlled by their servers. To address the above problems, we propose a peer-to-peer (P2P) file management system based on IPFS and Hyperledger Fabric, named as FileWallet, which can serve as a personal wallet for individual users or organizations to store and share their files in a secure manner. In FileWallet, the users form a P2P network and a Fabric network, where P2P network builds the connections and distributed storage network and the Fabric network sustains consistent blockchain ledgers to record file operation related transactions. In our FileWallet, the storage and communication costs are mitigated in the decentralized design, and the file owner can fully control the access permission of the file to preserve the file privacy. The design of the system architecture, main functionalities, and system implementations are presented in this paper. The performance of the system is evaluated through experiments, and the experimental results show its wide applicability and scalability.

О ЧЕМ РАССКАЗАЛ АРХИВ. НЕИЗВЕСТНОЕ ОБ ИЗВЕСТНОМ МУЗЫКАНТЕ: И. Г. АГАФОННИКОВ — СТУДЕНТ МОСКОВСКОЙ КОНСЕРВАТОРИИ

This article documents the student path of Igor Germanovich Agafonnikov, based on his personal file, stored in the archive of the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory. 23 sheets of archival material reveal new facets of the talent of the choral conductor. The article for the first time presents his documents: student record book, application, autobiography, examination sheet, student's study card and individual study plan, indicating the musical programme of each semester. First published pages of his introductory essay testify to the literary giftedness of the young musician. Extensive information is provided on the Agafonnikov Dynasty, prominent figures of the Russian Church. In particular, on the holy martyr Fr. Nikolay of Podolsk, a subtle connoisseur of church singing art. The article contains excerpts from the orders on the Conservatory testifying to its great organizational and sports activity, the minutes of the meeting of the State Examination Commission and graduation characteristic of I. G. Agafonnikov.

Ground squirrels of the war: a history of zoological research and Spermophilus collections in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine

The history of research on ground squirrels as pests is described in detail in the light of reconstruction of the history and specifics of zoological institutions of Kyiv in 1941-1944, including the Institute of Plant Protection and its Zoological Museum. Data from five different groups of sources were analyzed such as publications, collections, personal files (including KGB) and interviews of participants in those events. It is shown that ground squirrels were one of the main research objects at the Institute of Plant Protection, which was established by the occupation regime in 1942-1943 on the basis of the Institute of Zoology and the Zoological Museum of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Based on studies of the distribution and variability of ground squirrels of the group Spermophilus "suslicus", two articles were published after the war describing new forms, including the Volyn subspecies, published by E. Reshetnyk in the USSR (1946) and by E. Scharlemann in Germany (1952). The history of (probable) transfers of the ground squirrel collection is analyzed and the measures that had been taken to prevent their export to Poznan and further to Germany in the autumn of 1943 are clarified. It is shown that part of the ground squirrel type series described in various publications is identical, but it was most likely either not exported or returned quickly. Various facts about the movements of collections based on memories of the participants of those events are analyzed.

Альберт Генрихович Цабель — арфист императорских театров

The article is devoted to the personality of the outstanding German harpist Albert Henrikhovich Zabel (1834-1910), harpist of the Imperial theaters, virtuoso performer, first professor of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, composer. It was with his appearance in Russia that the formation of the professional harp tradition began. To date, the circumstances of the musician's creative life have been studied rather superficially. The proposed publication introduces previously unknown archival materials into scientific circulation for the first time. These are the documents of the harpist's Personal file, stored in the fund of the Directorate of Imperial Theaters of the Russian State Historical Archive: petitions, rapports, various kinds of appeals of the musician. It seems that the study of archival sources will help in many ways to detail the creative and personal portraits of the harpist, as well as to recreate the most complete picture of A. G.'s activities. The role of the singer in the orchestras of the imperial theaters of St. Petersburg, largely inconsistent with the formed idea of the musician's activity in our country.

A Retrospective Study on Tuberculous Lymphadenitis: A Finding from Multicenter Referral Hospitals.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis represents about 14% of all cases of tuberculosis (TB) in Malaysia. The aim of the study includes the evaluation of sociodemographic factors, clinical manifestations, comorbidities among patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis and their treatment outcomes. The retrospective study was conducted from 2006 to 2008. Data on sociodemographic along with histopathological results were collected. The signs and symptoms were also recorded from TB registers, treatment cards, and TB medical personal files using the standard data collection tool. Among multiple variables, the significant factors identified by univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios with the 95% confidence intervals. The statistically significant P value was considered <0.05. There were 348 (57%) males, and on the other hand, 262 (43%) females which shows almost equal incidence rate of lymphadenitis in both genders. The age group was observed from 2 to 83 years old. Therefore, the age group between 26 and 35 years showed 194 (31.8%) patients diagnosed with lymphadenitis and followed by 16-25 years (21%). The mean age was found as 34.3 ± 14.6 years were majorly reported with positive diagnosis. One hundred and ninety-six (32.1%) Malay population were found with tuberculous lymphadenitis followed by the Chinese population of 148 (24.3%). The other prominent races were Pilipino, Indonesians, and other expatriates. Geographically, patients were from 386 (63.3%) urban population were found positive for lymphadenitis and over 224 (36.7%) population of the rural region. The treatment outcome was observed 444 (72.8%) with successful treatment. The World Health Organization states the types of treatment failures, and accordingly, 85 (13.9%) patients were continued with the therapy that can be due to noncompliance or relapse of TB. Among the unsuccessful outcomes, 194 patients of age group 26-35 years, 65 (33.5%) were reported and 38 (29.7%) patients out of 128 between ages of 16-25 years. Blood test results showed erythrocyte sedimentation rate >10 in 280 (45.9%) patients. Therefore, among 280, there were 115 (41.1%) patients were found to have unsuccessful treatment showing very strong association with P < 0.001. The finding signifies that effect of weight loss on poor treatment outcomes' and active screening measures for patients with comorbidities are therefore recommended in patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis along with improvements in the diagnosis and early management of comorbidities complications. As young age group was found to have poor or unsuccessful treatment outcomes and required aggressive strategy together with educating patients can further increase the treatment success rate.

On the Early Period in the Biography of Ieremia Ioffe: upon the Archival Materials

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the early period of the biography of the prominent Soviet historian of culture and art Ieremia Isaevich Ioffe. Based on the materials of several personal files of Ioffe, preserved in the funds of the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg and the Central State Archive of Historical and Political Documents of St. Petersburg, the author specifies the circumstances of the place and time of Ioffe&amp;apos;s birth, and the education he received. The author makes the main emphasis in the article for the period after Ioffe&amp;apos;s arrival in Petrograd in 1917. The materials introduced into scientific usage for the first time make it possible to correct ideas about his student years. The importance of his acquaintance with V. A. Desnitsky is stated. The circumstances of Ioffe&amp;apos;s studies at the Pedagogical institute named after A. I. Herzen and work at the Communist University named after Zinoviev are described. The environment in which the formation of his theoretical views took place is analyzed.

Role of MRI in Treatment Planning of Endometrial CA

Abstract Purpose Endometrial carcinoma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women. It is the fourth most common cancer in women and its incidence is rising. Clinical examination and endometrial sampling form the mainstay of diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its superb soft tissue contrast can play an important role in the management of the disease. The present article reviews the role of MRI to exclude mimics, confirm the diagnosis, stage the disease, and in the follow-up of a patient with carcinoma of the endometrium. Method Using online databases including PubMed and Medline, literature was reviewed to assess the role of MRI to confirm the diagnosis, stage the disease, and follow-up in a patient of carcinoma endometrium. The examples published were taken from a personal file of cases. Results MRI with newer sequences like dynamic contrast studies and diffusion-weighted imaging can play an important role in excluding mimics, staging, and in the follow-up of the patient. Conclusion MRI with advanced sequences is the imaging modality of choice in pre- and postoperative evaluation of patients with endometrial carcinoma. It is the most sensitive imaging modality to evaluate myometrial invasion and early involvement of the cervix.

Establishment of the music-pedagogical career of Kosta P. Manojlovic: From Oxford studies to the first pedagogical engagements

Pursuant to the insight into the personal files of Kosta P. Manojlovic (1890-1949) and other relevant archival materials, deposited in the Archives of Serbia and the Archives of Yugoslavia, the paper examines the issue of the beginnings of the complex professional career of this composer, music life organizer, music performer, writer and pedagogue. Starting from the peculiarities related to the career in the field of music, an extremely important and delicate phase of the transition from the stage of education to the first professional activities has been analysed. Beginning with the correspondence connected with the career development of Kosta P. Manojlovic at a significant moment in Serbian music history and using an interdisciplinary approach, the important aspects of the first development phases of the musician?s professional career have been pointed out. In particular, most attention has been paid to the transition from education to work, which, in the case of the Oxford graduate, was complicated, not only because of the composer?s life circumstances, the World War I which had ended recently, time constraints, but also because of significant differences in education systems between the UK and the newly established Kingdom of SCS. From the very beginning, Manojlovic?s career has shown its multifunctional, changeable, and dynamic sides, but also certain constants, among which his distinct inclination towards the national tradition stands out. Regardless of the significant differences in the relation between the present time, characterised by rapid technological changes, merging of digital technologies with almost all spheres of life and work, new ways of communication and numerous global phenomena, and the period in which an ?idealist romantic? Manojlovic built his own career, some of the most important aspects related to the career development of a professional musician have not changed. Reliance on personal capacities, musical talent, creativity, flexibility, realism and a good assessment of one?s own potentials, but also on the quality of education, entrepreneurship, networking and maintaining a quality relationship with the mentor have been noticed as extremely significant.

(In)dependent Contractors: Combatting Employee Misclassification in Title 26

This comment addresses the use of 26 U.S.C. § 7434 as an alternative remedy for individuals who are misclassified by their employers as independent contractors for federal tax purposes. Historically, misclassified employees have used more well-known employment laws such as the Fair Labor Standards Act to sue employers who engage in employee misclassification. 26 U.S.C. § 7434 provides an underutilized, alternative means for misclassified employees to recover damages for wrongful misclassification. Originally enacted in 1996 as part of the Taxpayer Bill of Rights, 26 U.S.C. § 7434 is a tax fraud statute that allows a taxpayer to seek civil damages when another person files a fraudulent information return with respect to payments purported to be made to the taxpayer. However, there is disagreement among federal courts as to whether the statute allows employees who have been misclassified as independent contractors to recover damages from their employer. This comment discusses the practical implications and drawbacks of using the statute as a remedy for misclassified employees. Further, this comment argues that the discord among federal courts should be resolved in favor of employees by allowing individuals who are misclassified to recover under the statute.

Кадровый состав экспертов и ювелиров советского Государственного хранилища ценностей (Гохрана) в 1920-е гг.

The article is devoted to the study of staff changes in the State Repository of Valuables (Gokhran) of the RSFSR in the 1920s. It reviews personal files of the employees who carried out examination, assessment, classification, and description of valuables, and also processes resulting in emergence of new activity areas of the Goskhran. The expansion of valuables composition coming to the Gokhran led to emergence of new positions. The article examines professional qualities and competence of the Gokhran employees working with valuables of national importance. It details the biography of the main Gokhran expert N. A. Dmitriev. The methodological basis of the work is comparative-historical, systematic, descriptive methods, as well as method of archival heuristics. Scientific research of the Gokhran history does not pay enough attention to its jewelers training level, which was of great importance as working with valuables involved sorting, evaluating, separating diamonds, precious metals, systematizing valuables by kind and quality; it was a responsible job requiring special knowledge and skills, especially in the 1920s, when the directions of the Gokhran's activities were changing and the requirements to its personnel were heightened. The author has studied documents from the Russian State Archive of Economics (fond 2324 “State Bank of the RSFSR,” fond 7632 “State Repository of Valuables of the People's Commissariat of Finance of the USSR,” fond 7733 “Ministry of Finance of the USSR”), the Central State Archive of the City of Moscow (fond R-1204 “Moscow Jewelry Partnership,” fond R-1906 “Moscow Loan Treasury”). The documents prove competence of employees and high level of professionals working in the Gokhran. A comprehensive study of archival documents on personnel and on organizational and administrative documentation has permitted to identify patterns in the Gokhran personnel formation, to study the employees’ biographies. Masters from large jewelry firms Lorie, Faberge, Khlebnikov worked in the Gokhran. They were knowledgeable in types of precious metals processing and familiar with the world market of precious metals and stones. Increased variety of valuables, acquisition of church and Romanov treasures led to appearance of narrow specialists in the Gokhran. The contribution of this research to historical science is determined by its novelty. Involvement of a wide range of archival documents that have not been previously used in scientific research allows readers to learn the names of people who worked with valuables of national importance.

ХАЙРИ ГИМАДИ: ШТРИХИ К ПОРТРЕТУ: К 110-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ ТАТАРСКОГО ИСТОРИКА (1912–1961)

The article is the first research work on the biography of Khairi Gimadi, who was a bright representative of the Soviet school of historians, whose activities took place at the time of tighter ideological pressure on the Tatar intelligentsia. Kh. Gimadi’s works on the history of the Tatar ASSR were created in the context of the ongoing campaigns against “bourgeois objectivism” and “cosmopolitanism”, linguistic and political economic discussions. Being a loyal communist, he often had to sacrifice his scientific principles, and it ultimately led to the disillusionment with the current system and the tragic death of the historian. The article uses the method of oral history (in-depth interview), which played an important role in building a holistic picture of the life of Kh. Gimadi. For the first time, the personal file of the historian is introduced into a scientific circulation, the documents from which allow us to trace the pedagogical, scientific, and socio-political activities of the scholar. The most valuable are the memoirs and letters of Kh. Gimadi. These records are kept in his children’s personal archives and reflect the childhood and adolescence of the future historian: they describe in detail the years of mass famine in the Volga region, children homelessness, the work of the Children’s commissions and orphanages. The materials of the article may be useful for the researchers studying the development of the Humanities during the period of late Stalinism, the daily life of the Soviet children of the 1920s and the intelligentsia of the 1940s and 1950s.

UKRAINIANS OR POLES? STRATEGIES FOR THE SURVIVAL OF POLES–SPECIAL SETTLERS IN THE 40–50S OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN A TOTALITARIAN STATE (According to the archives of the Head Offi ce of the Ministry of Internal Aff airs in Lviv region)

Some behavioral strategies for the survival of the Polish population in Western Ukraine in the 40–50s of the 20th century were determined based on the secret documents of the Archives of the Head Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Lviv region. It is outlined that after World War II there was a widespread tendency for Ukrainians to enroll in village councils, to conceal and reticence the Polish nationality. Features of Polish assistance to Ukrainian insurgents are revealed. The reasons for helping Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA) soldiers have been clarified: from coercion and family ties to personal choice. It was noted that Poles, suspected by the MGB of «gang involvement» in the UIA, were convicted as Ukrainians. The documents in which their Ukrainian nationality is written are listed. The accounting and personal files of the accused were analyzed in detail. Previously unknown biographical episodes of Polish special settlers have been revealed. Their Polish nationality is revealed in the course of the case and accusations are made to dispel suspicions of aiding the OUN. Rehabilitation of Polish ancestry was a strategy for survival in difficult conditions. This was done to avoid deportation to special settlements in Siberia or imprisonment. Further strategies of substantiation of pre-war Polish ancestry in special settlements and their purpose are gradually traced, namely: due to Polish origin from leaving the Soviet Union to Poland, or returning home. It was noted that special settlers were forbidden to return home, but the Soviet authorities allowed them to travel to Poland only based on applications from Polish relatives, despite the documented Polish nationality. Also, the results of these strategies and the fate of special settlers are indicated. Keywords Ukrainians, Poles, nationality, special settlements, survival strategies, Western Ukraine, Poland.

Comparative content analysis of the memoirs of the repressed: gender aspect

Political terror was a distinctive phenomenon of the Soviet era, affecting broad segments of the population of the USSR. In addition to the official traditional sources on the history of this period (statistics, personal files of prisoners, court materials, periodicals), sources of personal origin play an important role – diaries, letters, interviews and memoirs of prisoners of camps and special settlers. Of particular interest among other sources of personal origin on the history of repression in the USSR are collections of memoirs of the repressed. The largest collection of memoirs is presented on the resource of the Sakharov Center "Memories of the Gulag and their authors". The texts of memoirs posted on this electronic resource have become the main source of this research. Based on the materials of the resource, a full-text thematic collection of memoirs was created and analyzed using the methods of content analysis, network analysis and statistical analysis. A comparative analysis of the reflection of camp life on the pages of memoirs of male and female prisoners is carried out. The analysis suggests that men and women converge in the fundamental aspects of the perception of camps: regardless of gender, the camp stage of life became the most traumatic and was remembered by former prisoners in similar tones. At the same time, neither the gender of the authors of the memoirs, nor the profession, nor the age at the time of arrest, nor the number of years that prisoners were forced to spend in camps globally affect these general perception trends. There are particular features inherent in individual subgroups, both among women and men, of the perception of camps, but in general the perception is the same, and it is the general features of the perception of camp life that are brought to the fore, overshadowing the particular elements. This can serve as a confirmation of the thesis that the collection of memoirs collected and studied in the framework of this study is a mass source.

The Turkmen Students of the Leningrad Oriental Institute: Details of Biographies

This article focuses on the personal files of the Turkmen students educated at the Leningrad Oriental Institute in the 1920s — 1930s. This article discusses the methods of biography formulation used by the Turkmen students after their admission to the higher education facility. Further, this admission occurred during significant methodological and cultural changes in the USSR. Therefore, this text concentrates on the issues of social networking, the creation of a community. This process was based on both individual processes of “re-considering Self” in the new conditions and the development of group identity. This study is a contribution to the history of Asian studies. It aims to supplement data on the development of the methodological transition by academia in Central Asia in the early 1930s. According to this research, the political agenda and specific admission conditions forced Turkmen students to “adapt” their biographies to the academic and ideological frameworks. After their admission to the Institute, despite the initial intention to be the regional studies specialists, they considered themselves to be a part of academia.

Odpowiedzialność dyscyplinarna sędziów w II Rzeczypospolitej na przykładzie wybranych sądów byłego zaboru pruskiego – zagadnienia materialnoprawne

Disciplinary Responsibility over Judges in the Second Republic of Poland. Substantive Law Issues in Light of Judges’ Personal and Disciplinary Files from the Former Prussian Territories The issue of disciplinary responsibility over judges is one of the key aspects of the functioning of the judiciary. This mechanism must remain a compromise between respecting a special status for judges based on their independence and their key role in the functioning of the state, versus the need to eliminate negative behaviors on their part. Such oversight in turn should lead to the building up of societal trust in the judiciary. The article is an attempt to present the issue of disciplinary proceedings against judges in the Second Polish Republic in the areas of the former Prussian territories. By presenting this issue from the perspective of substantive law, this article complements research already carried out in this area, the issue of the course of procedure in disciplinary proceedings having already been presented in a separate text. In this article, the author focuses on the issues regarding judge’s disciplinary misconduct and actual disciplinary punishments. The legal provisions were compared with the practice of their application, reconstructed on the basis of preserved archival files of judges, both personal and disciplinary.

Видатний український іхтіолог та музеолог Юрій Мовчан (1936–2021)

A brief overview of the life and scientific achievements of Yuriy Movchan, an outstanding Ukrainian zoologist, museologist, collector of zoological collections, fish expert, and author of the ichthyological exhibition of the National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine is presented. Biographic data are given based on the scientist’s personal file, which is preserved in the archive of the National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine, as well as according to his autobiography published in the jubilee volume of the Proceedings of the Zoological Museum (Vol. 50, 2019). In the context of Yuriy Movchan’s scientific achievements, a list of his main publications is given, including handbooks, scientific monographs, catalogues, and guides to the zoological museum. Yuriy Movchan’s creative life was practically entirely related to the zoological museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Working in the zoological museum, Yuriy Vasyliovych has grown from museum attendant to a prominent ichthyologist, specialist of fish fauna of all kinds of water bodies of Ukraine, including inland and marine waters, aborigine and adventive fauna components, rare and industrial fishes, etc. The fish collection of NMNH includes more than 47 740 specimens of 567 fishes collected by Yu. Movchan personally and with fellow scientists. Yu. Movchan paid a great deal of attention to the conservation of rare and threatened species of Ukraine’s fish fauna. Voluntarily he worked as academic secretary of the zoological section at the National Commission on the Red Data Book of Ukraine, coordinated and edited the chapter ‘Cyclostomes and Fishes,’ authored 11 species reviews in the second (1994) and 24 in the third (2009) edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine. His most cited works are presented. Yuriy Movchan worked until his last days, even when he was chained to his wheelchair, completing the editing of the second edition of his fundamental work ‘Fishes of Ukraine’ and seeking an opportunity to publish it. His late publications are devoted to the history of creation of the zoological exhibition and scientific collection of cyclostomes and fishes of NMNH.