Personal Files Research Articles

Information security index of an individual computer

With the development of digital and information technologies, electronic theft, forgery of documents, etc. began to appear. Criminals have mastered a new space and cause damage, stealing data not only from commercial organizations, for example, Borovikov systems, but also personal files of the average user. The service of protecting information on a PC has already become popular. Users are increasingly becoming aware of the importance of technical security of data stored on electronic devices. Not all users can take care of the security of private files and configure protection on their PC. Therefore, the article is devoted to the issue of quantifying the information security indicator on a computer, depending on the impact on the information structure of various types of internal and external threats (reflects: identification and authentication of users, control of data integrity and authenticity, data backup, delimitation of access to information, Firewall operation (packet filter), audit, antivirus, failures of software and hardware components, speed of information leakage, the effect of the amount of information on their leakage, the effect of information security threats from the loss of trust between users, the effect of the size of the computer system on security, the impact of computer security on information leakage). To solve the specified tasks, a mathematical model of information protection in a PC based on a system of differential equations was developed and solutions were simulated in the MatLab system. Three options for solving the equation near the steady state of the system were considered (a more visual analysis of the system’s behavior was performed, with a transition from the differential form of the equations to a discrete one and modeling of a certain interval of the system’s existence), it was concluded that, based on the conditions of the ratio of dissipation and the natural frequency of fluctuations of the magnitude, damping the latter up to a certain value is carried out periodically, with a decaying amplitude, or according to an exponentially decaying law. Taking into account the impact of the specified parameters on information protection and the possibility of determining a quantitative indicator of protection, PC users will be able to independently assess the impact of each component of threats and make adequate protection decisions.

АРХИВ СОЛОВЕЦКОГО МОНАСТЫРЯ В НАУЧНОЙ СУДЬБЕ ПРОФЕССОРА ПЕРМСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА Б. Д. ГРЕКОВА

The archive of the Solovetsky Stavropegial Monastery is a unique monument of Russian medieval writing and a valuable source on the history of monastic land ownership in the 15th – 17th centuries. The Archaeographic Commis-sion and the Holy Synod saved the monastery`s archive in 1917, ensured its preservation and secured scholars’ ac-cess to the documents. The article focuses on Professor Boris Dmitrievich Grekov (1882–1953) and his contribution to the evacuation of the Solovetsky archive from Arkhangelsk to Perm along with its preservation from destruction. Grekov was the founder of the Department of Russian History at the Perm University, a member of the USSR Acad-emy of Sciences, and was honored by getting the Stalin award. Grekov’s personal files deposited in the State Ar-chives of the Perm Region are the main source for the research. The documents help better understand the scientific and pedagogic work of this outstanding scholar in Perm. In addition to Grekov’s contribution, the article highlights the role of the Perm diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church and its head, the archbishop of Perm and Kungur An-dronik (Nikolsky), in rescuing the documents of the Solovetsky monastery and delivering them to Perm. The author introduces new information into the scientific circulation that sheds the light on the activity of the scientific corpora-tion of the Perm University during the years of the revolution and the Civil War. The author concludes that the preservation of the unique monument of medieval Russian history (the archive of the Solovetsky Monastery) was a joint effort of the Perm University and Perm Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. The leading role in this rescue goes to the scholars of the Perm University and personally to Boris Grekov

Петроград, 1920-е: о теневых персонажах воспоминаний Юрия Каменского

The memoirs of Yuri Kamensky, O.E. Mandelstam’s classmate at the Tenishev School, convey a life picture of the memoirist’s kindred-friendly circle in post-revolutionary Petrograd. Many people in this circle were closely connected with the world of art and literature, making up the cultural environment that was destroyed or adapted with great difficulty to the realities of a new life. Based on research in various St. Petersburg archives, the article provides biographical data on three previously uncommented characters in the memoirs – Polina Uflyand, the poet Nikolai Otsup’s first wife, Tamara Vreden and her husband Joseph Kobetsky, a journalist and publisher. The data of personal files, questionnaires, applications to various authorities, materials of personal correspondence were used.

Bookseller Vasily Ivanovich Lagutkin (1883–1933): A Lishenets’ Biography Reconstruction

This article analyses the social and economic situation of the citizens deprived of suffrage for engagement in trade during the years of the NEP, with reference to a biography reconstruction of Vasily Ivanovich Lagutkin (1883–1933), an ordinary USSR citizen. The methodological basis of the research is the anthropological approach and a synthesis of macro- and microhistory. The main source of research is the personal file of a citizen who filed a petition to the election commission demanding that his right to vote lost for engagement in trade be restored. The specifics of Lagutkin’s biography are that for 34 years, he was professionally engaged in book trade both in private and in state organisations before and after 1917. The legalisation of private entrepreneurship in 1921 allowed him to start his own business. His trade continued until 1929 and, apparently, was successful, but the process of forced removal of private entrepreneurship from trade led Lagutkin to bankruptcy. Unemployment and high professional mobility in the following years, desperate but unsuccessful attempts to achieve restoration in his right to vote, progressive chronic illness and deterioration of health eventually led to his death in a psychiatric hospital in Perm at the age of 50. Being loyal to the Soviet authorities, expressing a desire to be useful to them, he could not reclaim his right to vote, since the decision to restore it was made on formal grounds which Lagutkin did not meet. The fate of a particular person in the transition era makes it possible to reflect the process of social construction of the “new person”, who, contrary to the declared goals, not only provoked downward social mobility and negative social selection, but in extreme cases led to the death of the individual.

A Systematic Review of Animal Models of Disuse-Induced Bone Loss.

Several different animal models are used to study disuse-induced bone loss. This systematic review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the animal models of disuse-induced bone loss and provide a detailed narrative synthesis of each unique animal model. PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for animal models of disuse from inception to November 30, 2019. In addition, Google Scholar and personal file archives were searched for relevant publications not indexed in PubMed or Embase. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts for full-text inclusion. Data were extracted using a predefined extraction scheme to ensure standardization. 1964 titles and abstracts were screened of which 653 full-text articles were included. The most common animal species used to model disuse were rats (59%) and mice (30%). Males (53%) where used in the majority of the studies and genetically modified animals accounted for 7%. Twelve different methods to induce disuse were identified. The most frequently used methods were hindlimb unloading (44%), neurectomy (15%), bandages and orthoses (15%), and botulinum toxin (9%). The median time of disuse was 21days (quartiles: 14days, 36days) and the median number of animals per group subjected to disuse was 10 (quartiles: 7, 14). Random group allocation was reported in 43% of the studies. Fewer than 5% of the studies justified the number of animals per group by a sample size calculation to ensure adequate statistical power. Multiple animal models of disuse-induced bone loss exist, and several species of animals have successfully been studied. The complexity of disuse-induced bone loss warrants rigid research study designs. This systematic review emphasized the need for standardization of animal disuse research and reporting.

Ветераны за преподавательской кафедрой Крымского сельскохозяйственного института имени М. И. Калинина: просопографический портрет

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of integration into the peaceful life of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, who found themselves at the teaching at the M. I. Kalinin Crimean Agricultural Institute. We used a cross-cutting analysis of the personal files of the institute’s employees, which allowed us to detect previously unknown participants of the war, as well as to reconstruct the behavior patterns and service practices of institute teachers, and to make a prosopographic portrait of them. Personal qualities, education level, work experience, and age had a key impact on the ability of veterans to adapt to the realities of civilian life. Age played a decisive role: the younger the war participant was, the easier it was for him to find himself in a prestigious teaching job at the institute. The veterans who entered the institute occupied a high position in Soviet society. They had an above-average income and enjoyed some benefits. Moreover, the professors had access to scarce goods. The participants of the Great Patriotic War made a significant contribution to the restoration and development of the Soviet system of education.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ ГЕРОЕВ СОВЕТСКОГО СОЮЗА В ЦГА МОСКВЫ: УЧАСТНИК ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ Л.А. БУТКОВ

The work introduces into scientific circulation the documents (autobiography and memoirs) from the personal file of L.A. Butkov, the Soviet Union Hero; his dossier being deposited inside the collection of Soviet Union Heroes (the Central State Archives of Moscow, F. P-8682). If the autobiography is an extremely formalized text, the memoirs mentioning the author’s hatred towards the Nazi invaders are written in easy language, reflecting the impressions of those ordinary fighters who, to a large extent, won the Great Patriotic War. The title of the Soviet Union Hero was awarded to the company commander of the 164th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 55th Guards Rifle Division of the 56th Guards Army senior lieutenant L.A. Butkov on May 16, 1944, for his distinction in the Kerch-Eltigen military operation. The company was the first to land on the shore occupied by the enemy and managed to hold the bridgehead, ensuring the successful landing of the entire division. During the battle, the company commander personally destroyed the machine gun with the gunners and 11 more enemy soldiers. The documentary collection, which holds L.A. Butkov’s file, was collected after the war by the Institute of Party History of the MC and MGK VKP(b), headed by the director of the Institute G.D. Kostomarov

The Personal File Regulations of the German Bishops’ Conference for Clerics

The Personal File Regulations of the German Bishops’ Conference for Clerics

Перспектива застосування антимікробних пептидів як антигелікобактерних засобів у педіатричній практиці (огляд літератури)

Purpose – to analise of literature data on the prospects of using antimicrobial peptides. The article presents a literature review antimicrobial peptides. We searched for published and unpublished research using Pubmed as the search engine by the key words: antimicrobial peptides, defensins, cathelicidins, children, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), antibiotic resistance taking into consideration studies conducted in the last 20 years, citation review of relevant primary and review articles, conference abstracts, personal files, and contact with expert informants. The criterion for the selection of articles for the study was based on their close relevance to the topic, thus out of 2256 analyzed articles, the findings of the researchers covered in 75 articles were crucial. An urgent task of modern scientific and practical medicine is to overcome resistance to the world's most common H. pylori infection. Resistance to the main antimicrobial drugs included in the first line of treatment is quite high. The presence of cross-antibiotic resistance and the direct association of H. pylori infection with the development of gastric and duodenal diseases in childhood have led to the urgency of this problem. It is with the increase in resistance of H. pylori to antibacterial drugs associated with the growth of diseases and complications caused by pathology of the gastroduodenal area, and hence — a significant increase in treatment costs, which is not only medical but also socio-economic problem. Therefore, antimicrobial peptides, which can replace traditional antibacterial drugs, are considered a new class of anti-infectives today. The most promising developments in this direction are the study of the antibacterial effect of endogenous antimicrobial peptides. The main attention is paid to the clinical role of the recently described antimicrobial factors — difensins and cathelicidins, which are endogenously synthesized by neutrophils and many epithelial cells of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract. The range of their action is quite wide — antioxidant, antihypertensive, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antitumor, immunoregulatory. In particular, H. pylori infection leads to a significant induction of β-defensins, which play a key role in the immune response of the gastrointestinal epithelium to H. pylori infection, affecting and activating the adaptive immune system. Although most antimicrobial peptides are directly synthesized in their active forms, posttranslational modification is required to perform their functions. Some drugs of antimicrobial peptides are already used in clinical practice. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: children, Helicobacter pylori, antimicrobial peptides, antibiotic resistance.

Ts.-D. Nominkhanov and I. K. Ilishkin in Khakassia during the years Deportation

The goal of this study is to highlight the little known facts about scientific life of Kalmyk scholars — philologists Ts. D. Nominkhanov and I. K. Ilishkin, restoration of some significant episodes of their work conducted in 1944–1949 during the deportation of the Kalmyk people that fell on the last years of the Great Patriotic War and postwar period when the scholars were in exile in Khakass autonomous region. The study is based on the materials of the National Archive of the Republic of Khakassia funds, the manuscript fund of the Khakass Research Institute of Language, Literature and History, the periodical press of that time, specifically the newspaper “Sovetskaya Khakassia”, the main print newspaper in the region. In the bibliographic database of the N. G. Domozhakov National Library all the newspapers for the given time period were analyzed by the method of continuous sampling and the articles written by Ts. D. Nominkhanov and also materials containing critical remarks against the scholars in the times of their persecution were selected. Photos from the personal archive of the regional ethnographer L. I. Belousova were also used for the article. The author emphasized the introduction of a lot of photos, decrees and extracts from Ts. D. Nominkhanov’s personal file. They are published for the first time. The given materials despite their limited quantity enable us to provide more information on the scientific life of Ts. D. Nominkhanov and I. K. Ilishkin during deportation, evaluate the scientific heritage that they left for further generations of students and scholars of Khakassia.

PREDICTION OF THE RISK GROUP (BY ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE) AMONG FIRST COURSE STUDENTS BY USING THE DECISION TREE METHOD

Mass education in Russian universities in specialties (direction of study) related to the exact and technical sciences is characterized by a high dropout rate, starting from the first year of study. The current level of school education, the system for selecting applicants through the USE procedure, in many cases does not guarantee that future students will be able to successfully master science-intensive specialties. An emphasis on student-centered, individual learning is possible only after students have proven themselves in the early stages of their studies. Therefore, the anticipatory identification of the ability of yesterday's applicants to study effectively is a very urgent task. In this paper, we consider methods for constructing decision trees designed to classify students, highlighting from them a lot of those (risk group) who, with a high degree of probability, will be expelled after the first academic cycle (trimester). At the same time, the minimum information about the freshmen, recorded in their personal file, is used as input data. The construction of the model was carried out according to the data on students of the applied mathematics and computer science direction of the Perm State National Research University for a five-year period of sets of 2014-2018. At the same time, the information from 2014-2017 was used for training, and the flow of 2018 was used as a test one. At the stage of machine learning, several models of decision trees were considered, which were optimized using balancing, restrictions on the maximum tree depth and the minimum number of elements in a leaf. The effectiveness of the binary classification was assessed using a matrix of inaccuracies and a number of numerical criteria obtained on its basis. As a result of machine learning, a decision tree was built, which predicted 16 out of 17 people expelled from the first trimester into the risk group. That is, for a number of reasons, they turned out to be incapable of learning in the direction of applied mathematics and computer science. In addition, it was possible to determine the level of significance of various types of initial data, showing that the results of the USE largely determine the success of students at this stage of training. The definition of the risk group provides certain guidelines for the purposeful activity of teachers and university psychologists, which ultimately can serve as a basis for improving the quality of education and reducing dropout rates. The work performed demonstrates the capabilities of data mining methods in solving poorly formalized tasks characteristic of this type of human activity.

Gdańscy dziennikarze nomenklaturowi: portret zbiorowy

The article presents an analysis of a group of 42 journalists holding managerial positions in Gdansk mass media under the nomenclature system of Gdansk Voivodeship Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party. The analysis is twofold. First, it reconstructs the formal organisational context of journalistic nomenclature, including its development and its background in the form of the phenomenon of Gdansk nomenclature as such. Secondly, it sketches a sociologist collective portrait of journalists, taking into consideration, among other things, their social and geographical background, determinants of their political loyalty and the durability of their nomenclature position. The text is based mainly on the personal files identified in the collection of personal files of Gdansk nomenclature of journalists.

Before the Flood: The Itaipu Dam and the Visibility of Rural Brazil. By Jacob Blanc (Durham, Duke University Press, 2019) 320 pp. $104.95 cloth $27.95 paper

Blanc has written a comprehensive people’s history of the dictatorship-era construction of Itaipu, Latin America’s largest hydroelectric dam, built into the Paraná, the planet’s seventh-largest river, where it flows between Brazil and Paraguay. Like the river fed by major tributaries, Blanc’s history emerges in a plurilinear narrative flow to reveal the unique destinies of human groups. Although divided by sociocultural identity and (in)experience with political resistance, these groups were collectively transformed by their land’s submergence. As Blanc argues, their differences shaped patterns of oppression and possibilities long before the flood let loose upon their lands and would endure the varied consequences long afterward.The resettled Avá-Guarani, the original inhabitants of the drowned lands, joined the settlers in a struggle seeking compensation. The settlers—divided between lighter-skinned farmers with land titles and darker-skinned, landless farmers—forged a potent, although ephemeral, social movement. Politicized by Itaipu, the Avá-Guarani maintained a persistent struggle for indigenous, territorial rights. Farmers without title, sent primarily to new, practically unlivable areas in remote northern borderlands, created the most important landless movement in Latin America and beyond. The titled farmers among the settlers benefited the most, securing enough financial renumeration to become entitled once again. In effect, Itaipu was never simply an energy development project; it was also a grand national strategy to achieve geopolitical dominance through the movement and violent containment of bodies, both water and human.Blanc mobilizes events to reinterpret the history of Brazil’s dictatorship (1964–1985) as it slowly unwound (the dam first came online in 1984). He analyzes the opening toward democracy, the “abertura,” as a “double reality”—on one hand, electoral and political reforms and, on the other, a “dialectic of land and legitimacy” aimed at meeting long-term needs of rural communities (84, 200–201). In the hinterlands, the elites and the military government undermined collective resistance through violence and political tactics, ultimately satisfying the titled farmers at the expense of the indigenous and landless. Through this lens, scholarly reliance on the dominant narrative that hangs the old dictatorship on a “before and after” frame is revealed as exceedingly partial. More importantly, this book challenges historians’ reliance on periodization more generally.Blanc may reject periodization as an organizing framework, but he appreciates timing and serendipity. He conducted fieldwork in the immediate aftermath of the report issued by Brazil’s National Truth Commission in 2014. He benefited from documents such as the Memórias Reveladas project of the National Archive and was the first scholar to work extensively with internal holdings of the Itaipu Binational Corporation. His research includes thirty diverse archives and databases in Brazil, Paraguay, and the United States, as well as ample sets of personal files and interviews with key participants (16–17). Blanc’s comprehensive analysis of archival findings undoubtedly informed his ability to tell a rich and detailed story while emphasizing broad strokes of history—of Brazil’s interior and of the military’s borderland shenanigans with Paraguay. The only aspect missing are women’s social-movement contributions. Although Blanc determinedly weaves in traces of women’s voices as he discovers them, only an oral-historical, or ethnohistorical, explicitly feminist method could defeat the patriarchal bias in the archive.Blanc invents a unique chapter structure to differentiate—yet thematically interrelate—clear strands of plurilinear history. Abertura emerges from the cities via mass media to create opportunities for new, rural anti-dictatorship movements and to empower them with worldwide visibility. The Itaipu dam was devastating, but it also gave participants a taste for the combined power of collective organizing and mass media. In contrast to land, such skills and sources of confidence cannot be taken away.A pleasure to read, this book illuminates forces of power and protest mobilized against a useful but predatory, and thus unsustainable, form of green-energy infrastructure—the hydroelectric dam. This subject has regional and global relevance today. Blanc’s fascinating and illuminating book is itself a form of protest, a scholarly performance that makes the hinterlands visible and the complications of history readable.

Predicting Academic Performance of Engineering Students Using Ensemble Method

One of the common problems that most of the engineering institutions face in recent times is poor academic results. The statistics of the IOE semester result show that since 2009 A.D., the average pass percentage has been reducing in an average from 50% to 40% and moving towards decreasing scenarios. The study aims to predict an engineering student's academic performance based on their past educational records, demographic factors, family backgrounds, and other related factors. Firstly, a predictive model is built using the traditional classifiers Decision Tree, SVM, and Linear Regression, which had shown good performance in similar types of study. After that, we have implemented one of the popular ensemble Methods, voting, which is known for improving the individual classifier's performance. Voting classifier combines the predictions of base classifiers by averaging those predictions. The result revealed that the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score had been considerably improved by using ensemble voting than that of the individual classifiers. The data used in the study was collected directly from the hard copy personal files of each pass out student of Paschimanchal Engineering Campus, Pokhara between the years 2004 to 2015 AD.

Stage and mortality of low-income patients with cancer: Evidence from SEER-Medicaid.

A national data source for identifying patients with cancer enrolled in Medicaid is needed to evaluate cancer care for low-income, publicly insured patients. In this study, a population-based data set of patients diagnosed with cancer and enrolled in Medicaid was created and evaluated. The objective was to compare the characteristics of patients with cancer identified in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data and linked to the Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) Personal Summary files with the characteristics of patients who were not linked to the MAX file. All persons in 14 SEER registries diagnosed with cancer from 2006 to 2013 who were or were not linked to the 2006-2013 nationwide MAX files were selected, and patient demographic characteristics were compared for 3 age groups. Common cancer sites and the timing of Medicaid enrollment with respect to patients' cancer diagnoses were reported, and the stage at diagnosis and 4-year mortality were compared by 3 categories of Medicaid enrollment. Approximately 18% of the sample was enrolled in Medicaid within 25 months of diagnosis. Enrollees had a greater proportion of racial/ethnic minorities in comparison with patients who were not enrolled. A late-stage diagnosis was more common among Medicaid patients and particularly among those who enrolled after their diagnosis. For every common cancer site, mortality was highest in the sample of Medicaid patients who enrolled after their diagnosis. The Medicaid enrollment data newly added to SEER records enhance researchers' ability to investigate research questions related to Medicaid policies and care delivery. For patients enrolled before their diagnosis, Medicaid appears to offer protection against late-stage disease and mortality.

Liberating Biodiversity Data From COVID-19 Lockdown: Toward a knowledge hub for mammal host-virus information

A deep irony of COVID-19 likely originating from a bat-borne coronavirus (Boni et al. 2020) is that the global lockdown to quell the pandemic also locked up physical access to much basic knowledge regarding bat biology. Digital access to data on the ecology, geography, and taxonomy of potential viral reservoirs, from Southeast Asian horseshoe bats and pangolins to North American deer mice, was suddenly critical for understanding the disease's emergence and spread. However, much of this information lay inside rare books and personal files rather than as open, linked, and queryable resources on the internet. Even the world's experts on mammal taxonomy and zoonotic disease could not retrieve their data from shuttered laboratories. We were caught unprepared. Why, in this digitally connected age, were such fundamental data describing life on Earth not already freely accessible online? Understanding why biodiversity science was unprepared—and how to fix it before the next pandemic—has been the focus of our COVID-19 Taskforce since April 2020 and is continuing (organized by CETAF and DiSSCo). We are a group of museum-based and academic scientists with the goal of opening the rich ecological data stored in natural history collections to the research public. This information is rooted in what may seem an unlikely location—taxonomic names and their historical usages, which are the keys for searching literature and extracting linked ecological data (Fig. 1). This has been the core motivation of our group, enabled by the pioneering efforts of Plazi (Agosti and Egloff 2009) to build tools for literature digitization, extraction, and parsing (e.g., Synospecies, Ocellus) without which biodiversity science would be even less prepared. Our group led efforts to build an additional pipeline from Plazi to the Biodiversity Literature Repository at Zenodo, a free and unlimited data repository (Agosti et al. 2019), and then to GloBI, an open-source database of biotic interactions (Poelen et al. 2014, GloBI 2020). We also developed a direct integration from Pensoft Journals to GloBI, leveraging that publisher’s indexing of computer-readable terms (called semantic metadata; Senderov et al. 2018) to extract mammal host and virus information. Overall, considerable progress was made. In total, 85,492 new interactions were added to GloBI from 14 April to 21 May 2020 (see entire dataset on Zenodo: Poelen et al. 2020). Of those, 28,839 interactions are present when subset to "hasHost", "hostOf", "pathogenOf", "virus", and 4,101 unique name combinations are present after considering mammal species synonymies (from Meyer et al. 2015). Of those interactions, 892 species of mammals and 1,530 unique virus names are involved, which compares to 754 mammals and 586 viruses in the most recent data synthesis (Olival et al. 2017). While these liberated data may still include redundancies, they demonstrate the value of our approach and the expanse of known but digitally unconnected data that remains locked in publications. We can liberate host-virus data from publications, but doing so is expensive and does not scale to the continued influx of new articles that are inadequately digitized. Our efforts make it clear that Pensoft-style semantic publishing should be expanded to all major journals. The pandemic has created an opportunity for re-thinking the way we do science in the digital age. Thankfully, our future is not the past, so we do not have to keep wasting resources to digitially 'rediscover' biodiversity knowledge. We collectively call for changes to the publishing paradigm, so that research findings are directly accessible, citable, discoverable, and reusable for creating complete forms of digital knowledge.

Визначний дослідник іхтіофауни України Анатолій Щербуха (1935–2020)

A brief overview of the biography and scientific achievements of Anatoliy Shcherbukha — a prominent Ukrainian zoologist, museologist, collector, fish expert, developer of the Ukrainian fish nomenclature, and promoter of science. Biographical information reconstructed from a personal file found in the archives of the National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine (NMNH), as well as some scientific works of the researcher are presented. An overview of his works, both articles and monographs, including reference books, scientific monographs, popular science publications, catalogues, textbooks, and identification keys is given. The entire creative path of the researcher was connected with the academic Zoological Museum, which was alternately part of the Institute of Zoology and the Central Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine. The researcher went from a scientist who studied the fish fauna of a small river Psel to a prominent expert of the fish fauna of all types of water bodies of Ukraine, both natural and artificial, fresh and marine waters, aboriginal and alien components of fauna, rare and industrial fish species. The researcher's achievements in the development and approval of the Ukrainian nomenclature of fishes are also significant, including the definition of the central role of genus names, from which the names of both species and families and other taxa are formed. The zoological collection of the NMNH contains more than 2,000 fish specimens of 59 species collected by A. Shcherbukha. The researcher paid much attention to the promotion of scientific knowledge and authored two popular publications on fishes, each of which was republished. The five most cited works of the researcher are the monograph "Percomorpha" in the series "Fauna of Ukraine" (1982), the catalogue of NMNH collections "Lampreys and Fishes" (2003), the popular science book "Fishes of Our Waters" (1987), the scientific article “Fish fauna of Ukraine in retrospective and modern problems of its diversity conservation” (2004), and the reference book “The Ukrainian Nomenclature of Fishes of Ukraine” (2003). The last work of the researcher was "Key to Fishes of Continental Waters and Streams of Ukraine" written in collaboration with colleagues from other institutions (2020).

Ekstrapulmoner tüberküloz olgularının epidemiyolojik profili: 4 yıllık deneyim

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the demographic features, organ and tissue distribution, diagnostic methods and treatment outcomes of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases who were registered to the Adana Tuberculosis Dispensary.Materials and Methods: 400 cases, who were diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, treated and followed up between 2014 and 2017, were examined and analyzed retrospectively. Their demographic characteristics, drug susceptibility tests, follow‑ups and treatment outcomes were reviewed. Individual data for extrapulmoary tuberculosis cases were collected from tuberculosis registers, tuberculosis medical personal files and treatment cards.Results: In total, 400 cases of extrapulmoary tuberculosis were recorded. Patients were within the range of 0 to 87 years old (mean age: 41.19±19.97 years), and 245 of them (61.2%) were female. Tuberculosis most frequently affected lymph nodes (38.8%), followed by pleura (17.8%) and gastrointestinal tract (9.0%). None of the cases had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Treatment completion rates were high and reached 95.8%.Conclusion: The present findings provide information about the epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Adana during the 4-year period. The occurrence of cases at the most productive age is important to show the degree of economic loss in Turkey. Tuberculosis is a contagious illness that mainly affects the lymph nodes rather than the lungs. Investigations into epidemiological and clinical characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in large number of cases might be crucial to early diagnosis and therapy in endemic countries such as Turkey.

Évaluation du risque et risques de l’évaluation dans l’activité des agent·e·s de probation

Our paper reports on research on risk evaluation and management conducted with three probation services in French- or Italian-speaking cantons in Switzerland. It analyzes how probation officers construct an understanding and evaluation of levels of risk of reoffending for people convicted and serving parts of their sentences in an open environment. Our analysis combines observations of and interviews with probation officers using a method called “instructions to the double”, as well as analysis of written records (personal files, evaluation grids). We show that the risk evaluation activity of the probation officers, which we view as a cognitive and social process, draws on different sources. It is characterized by the multiplicity and heterogeneity of the resources mobilized, its dynamic character over the course of the interaction, and its orientation towards risk management. In addition, its validity is also tested in formal or informal collective evaluations. We show, in conclusion, that it does not correspond to the standardized approach advocated in the criminological literature.

Personal Cloud Storage and File-Sharing Platform in PiGen

This project presents the development of personal cloud storage and file transfer systems with the help of Raspberry Pi 3 and Hard disk drive devices. The main aim of the project is to save your files locally on your Hard Disk Drive connected to the Raspberry Pi as well, access files remotely even if you are not connected to the WI-FI which is also connected to Raspberry Pi, and share them with anyone you wish to.