Personal Conflicts Research Articles

Levels of relatedness and self-definition in young adults: Associations with psychopathology and interpersonal functioning.

The Differentiation-Relatedness Scale (DRS) is a reliable and valid 10-level scale designed to rate levels of personality functioning on narrative descriptions of self and significant others. However, to date, most studies of the DRS have been done in clinical samples. Little is known about its psychometric properties in nonclinical samples. This study examined linear and potential categorical relationships of DRS with demographic features and with indices of intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning (i.e., depressive and dissociative symptoms, dependent and self-critical personality features, and warmth, conflict, and depth of intimate relationships), in a nonclinical sample of young adults (N = 333). It also investigated the unidimensionality of the DRS in the relationships between the level of self-representation (DR-S) and representation of the mother (DR-M) and father (DR-F), and the relationship of DR-S with disruptions in the balance between differentiation and relatedness assumed to underlie low levels of DR-S. Results showed little evidence for dimensional relationships between levels of DRS and indices of intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. By contrast, a cut-off of DRS level 6 clearly differentiated young adults at risk for psychopathology from those with more adaptive levels of functioning. Moreover, the DRS seems not to be a unidimensional scale. The implications of these findings for future research and the clinical use of the DRS are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Het persoonlijke in Thorbeckes Tweede Kamer

Abstract Remarks about the person in Thorbecke’s Second Chamber There is always a risk in parliamentary politics that objective debate will change into personal debate and conflict. On the one hand, orators can choose to launch a personal verbal attack to their opponents. On the other hand, opponents can interpret verbal arguments as a personal attack, even if these words were not meant that way. In the most extreme cases personal honour is damaged and needs to be repaired through other means, including a physical duel. Compared to other young parliaments, the nineteenth century Dutch ‘Second Chamber’ (Tweede Kamer) had a quiet and calm reputation. How did Dutch Members of Parliament handle their emotions in confrontations that risked to become personal? How did the most influential politician, J.R. Thorbecke, deal with these confrontations? Which rules and rituals were at the disposal of MPs to protect themselves against personal politics? And what could contemporary parliamentary debate learn from these Dutch nineteenth-century examples? To find asnwers to these questions, this article explores personal politics in Thorbecke’s Second Chamber.

Rachaduras no espelho de Narciso: o reconhecimento do processo de envelhecimento e as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por idosos

Neste estudo objetivamos conhecer as estratégias de enfrentamento encontradas por idosos, moradores do bairro da Mooca da Cidade de São Paulo, para conviver com o processo de envelhecimento dentro de num contexto social e cultural que nega e rejeita a velhice. Participaram oito idosos de um Programa de Educação Física para idosos, sendo cinco mulheres e três homens. Utilizando os pressupostos metodológicos da História Oral Temática submetemos os relatos obtidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Percebemos que a chegada da velhice é um acontecimento não esperado, causando certo conflito pessoal dos sujeitos ao se depararem com a imagem refletida no espelho, comparada com aquela guardada na memória. Outro aspecto, é que mesmo se percebendo como velhos, procuram manter o autocuidado e a readaptação social, na tentativa de continuarem inseridos como membros participantes da sociedade e sujeitos socialmente ativos. (Imagem de enriquelopezgarre por Pixabay)

HUMAN DESTRUCTIVENESS IN THE EXISTING PRACTICES OF LATE MODERNISM VIOLENCE: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE DIMENSIONS

Purpose. Research of the phenomenon of human destructiveness in the context of metaphysical images and violence practices of late Modernism. Theoretical basis. The problem is that the philosophical reflection of violence as objectified, realized destructiveness of man is usually contextual in nature and is on the periphery of understanding its external manifestations. Accordingly, anthropological crisis remains behind the scenes, as evidenced by the devaluation of the humanistic potential of modern culture. That is why one should turn the focus from the obvious, objectively conditioned incarnations of violence in the XXI century (armed conflicts, local wars, terrorist acts) to the internal factors that are in the realm of existential. The departure from the consideration of violence as an abstract, faceless or ideologically colored evil allowed us to focus on man, his way of thinking, life and social orientations, feelings and internal contradictions, which find their expression in one or another form of destructiveness. Originality. Based on the works of M. Scheler and E. Fromm defining for philosophical anthropology and psychoanalysis, for the first time the conceptualization of positive and negative forms of manifestation of human destructiveness against the background of sociocultural transformations of late Modernism was carried out. It has been proved that its ontological principles are rooted in specifically human existence and relations with other members of society, while anthropological ones are directly connected with the endless struggle of the life, the vital with the spirit in man. Conclusions. Violence is a tool and a product of man’s transition to more mature and complex forms of existence. The interdependence of the violence and nonviolence practices ensures the progressive movement of humanity towards society humanization. This progress is accompanied by a natural internal conflict of personality, which can be both progressive and regressive. At the metaphysical level, destructiveness appears as a connection between the entropy of world existence as a whole and the instability of human existence itself, which is a complexly organized and open to the world system. Self-transcendence as an anthropological prerequisite for human destructiveness has a dual nature and combines negative and positive characteristics, the content and significance of which were revealed in the study. The authors are convinced that there is no other way to overcome the negative, malignant destructiveness, except for the incessant, daily gathering of life meanings around them and their development. After all, the loss of such core structures of the existence as the meaning, purpose and value of life has become a truly global problem for the modern world. Emphasis is placed on the need to keep in harmony the trinity of body-soul-spirit, which will allow a person in any social transformation to preserve and increase his integrity.

Managing the social aspects of software development ecosystems: An industrial case study on personality

AbstractThe social aspects of software development encompass concerns such as motivating practitioners, building effective teams, and developing personal relations. Not surprisingly, perhaps, many software projects fail due to personality conflicts within team members. This study investigates the personality traits of 132 software practitioners by employing a tailored interactive assessment that was specifically developed for software development organizations. To assess the personality characteristics of the software teams as a whole, the results of 20 project teams were visualized by using personality–team radar charts. The validity part of the study was performed through validation interviews with experts from the field, discussing their experiences using the interactive assessment. The findings of this investigation complement those of earlier studies that suggest that productive team members who were working on social isolation showed higher introversion. In particular, this study strengthens the idea that agreeableness was observed in agile teams. Ultimately, the present data also highlight the existence of conscientiousness personalities in agile software development.

APLIKASI TERAPI SANDTRAY DALAM MENANGANI KONFLIK KLIEN DEWASA

Sandtray Therapy is one of the most effective approaches to help clients explore themselves and solve emotional problems. This study is a case study that discusses the use of Sandtray Therapy as a creative intervention in the counseling process. This study aims to identify the effect of using Sandtray Therapy in counseling sessions on conflict issues experienced by adult clients. The study participant involved a 19-year-old client who was experiencing family and personal conflicts. Three individual counseling sessions with Sandtray Therapy approach have been implemented to explore the client’s issues. Each session takes an hour and runs once a week. The results show that Sandtray Therapy helps the client to express feelings more openly. The client also gains insight on how to solve their problems and conflicts. Sandtray Therapy also has a positive effect on the client’s emotions, behavior, and thoughts. Sandtray Therapy can expand its use as it has a positive impact on the client during therapy.

Main Character’s Personality Conflict in Aladdin Movie

Abstrak: Dalam jurnal ini bertujuan untuk menemukan konfilk kepribadian karakter utama yang direpresentasikan melalui id, ego, dan superego dominan yang terdapat dalam karakter Aladdin dalam film Aladdin. Dalam makalah ini digunakan teori psikologi Sigmund Freud yang menyatakan bahwa ada tiga struktur yang dapat membentuk watak seseorang. Tiga struktur tersebut yaitu id, ego, dan superego. Penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk menjelaskan id, ego, dan superego dalam karakter Aladdin. Penulis memperoleh data dari menonton film Aladdin yang dirilis pada tahun 1992, kemudian mencatat dan memberi tanda dimana karakter Aladdin menunjukkan sisi id, ego, dan superegonya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah id Aladdin terdapat disaat Aladdin bermimpi ingin menjadikan hidupnya lebih baik dan watak Aladdin yang tegar meskipun dihina oleh orang sekitar. Dalam penelitian ini penulis berharap agar penelitian ini berguna dan membantu untuk siapapun yang membaca, khususnya dalam karya sastra. Kata Kunci: Id, Ego, Superego, Teori Sigmund Freud, Watak. Abstract: In this journal aims to find the main character’s personality conflict reflected from id, ego, and superego dominant that contained in Aladdin's character in film Aladdin. In this paper, the writer will use psychological theory of Sigmund Freud that states that there are three striking features that can shape a person's character. The three structures are id, ego, and superego. The author uses descriptive methods to explain the id, ego, and superego in the Aladdin character. The author obtained data from watching Aladdin which was released in 1992, then recorded and gave a sign where the character of Aladdin showed the id, ego, and superhero side. The results of this study are that Aladdin was present when Aladdin dreamed he wanted to make his life better and his character was strong despite being insulted by people around him. In this study the authors hope that this research is useful and helpful for anyone who reads, especially in literary works. Keywords: Id, Ego, Superego, Sigmund Freud's theory, Character.

SOCIAL CONFLICTS ANALYSIS OF CHARACTER’S IN NOVEL BULANG CAHAYA BY RIDA K LIAMSI

<p><em>This article aims to describe social conflicts that include the forms, causes and impacts of social conflicts in the novel “Bulang Cahaya” by Rida K Liamsi. The problem of this novel lies in its content which tells a lot about social conflict. Method of the research is descriptive anaysis method. Based on the research findings and discussion it can be concluded that the social conflicts contained in the novel Bulang Cahaya by Rida K Liamsi include: (1) Personal conflict. This conflict impacts on the destruction of group unity where disputes that occur make the two sides contradict each other. (2) Political conflict. The political conflict that occurred between Raja Kecik and Tengku Sulaiman had an impact on the growing sense of group solidarity between the Bugis and Malays. (3) Conflict of social classes. conflicts between social classes in the novel Bulang Cahaya by Rida K Liamsi occur between the Bugis and the Malays.</em></p>

Teachers’ Conceptions about the Origin of Humans in the Context of Three Latin American Countries with Different Forms and Degrees of Secularism

In comparison to teachers from Argentina and Uruguay, Brazilian teachers face greater difficulties in teaching biological evolution, due to religion. While Argentina has an official religion set in its constitution, Uruguay and Brazil are considered secular countries. Despite being a self-proclaimed secular country, Brazil tolerates and encourages religious teaching in public schools. Acceptance of the natural origin of mankind, of origin of life, and of biological evolution were investigated in all three countries through interviews and a survey of teachers. Barbour’s categories of conflict, independence, dialogue, and integration were used in the analysis of responses. Argentinian and Uruguayan teachers’ answers pointed to Barbour’s category of independence between science and religion, while Brazilian teachers’ answers ranged between the categories of conflict and a merging between integration and dialogue, which was reinforced by high religiosity linked to knowledge gaps. The religious beliefs of Brazilian teachers appeared to influence their answers about the origin of the human species. In Brazil, religion was frequently identified as an obstacle to the teaching of biological evolution, while responses varied in Argentina and Uruguay. Conflicts in classrooms were also reported more frequently in Brazil than in Argentina and Uruguay. Combined with poor teacher training, personal internal conflicts towards biological evolution help to explain the answers of the Brazilian teachers. Argentinian and Uruguayan teachers generally reported being able to teach biological evolution as part of the curricula without interference from religion, in contrast to approximately half of the Brazilian teachers reporting the same.

Don't air your dirty laundry: Party leadership contests and parliamentary election outcomes

AbstractStaging an open contest is a democratic method to choose a party leader, though its electoral consequences remain unclear. I argue that leadership contests are electorally detrimental to governing parties. Competitive contests signal intraparty policy and/or personality conflict to voters, which damages governing parties’ perceived unity as well as competence in the policy‐making process. Thus, leadership contests undermine governing parties’ performances in parliamentary elections. Moreover, since voters evaluate governing parties’ record in office more than their rhetoric, unlike opposition parties, they cannot repair the image of incompetence/disunity by reshaping their rhetoric and/or policy direction. This implies that leadership contests damage governing parties’ electoral prospects more than they do to opposition parties’ electoral performances. Results from statistical testing with original data from 14 countries support my argument. In addition, these results are not endogenous to the contests’ timing; degree of competitiveness; leadership selection rules; whether or not the incumbent retains office; norms of contests; or how predecessors left office. These findings underscore the need to investigate the relationship between intraparty dynamics and election outcomes.

The role of faith-based institutions in urban disaster risk reduction for immigrant communities

Drawing on interviews with Cambodian and Thai communities in Auckland, New Zealand, this paper examines the role of Buddhist temples in disaster preparedness, response and recovery and the hindrances to optimising this role. We find that among the communities, Buddhist temples are identified as sites of community organisation and information dissemination and would likely serve as important sites for seeking assistance during a major crisis. We thus argue that Buddhist temples have a role to assist their members to prepare for, respond to and recover from a major disaster. This is possible because these institutions are faith-bonded centres for regular congregations, reciprocity, charity and cultural attachment. However, their bridging and linking social capital, which is pivotal for performing this role, may be impeded by language barriers, generational divides, member exclusivity, personal conflicts and political divisions. We conclude that the role of faith-based institutions in disaster risk reduction in urban immigrant communities in the Global North should be examined in a more nuanced manner, particularly regarding their internal and external ruptures. A good understanding of these complexities would enable interventions to manoeuvre through the tensions and cater for diverse interests and values of affected communities.

Examining Older Adult Cognitive Status in the Time of COVID‐19

Examining Older Adult Cognitive Status in the Time of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19

What is the Role of Women When Faced with Personal Conflicts at Work?

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of family-work conflict, work stress, and ethical leadership on the desire to leave employees. The research method used in this research is descriptive method. The object of this study is female employees at Life Insurance Company Jakarta - Indonesia with a sample of 95 respondents. The approach used in this research is Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Smart-PLS analysis tool 3.2.8. The results showed that family-work conflict and Job stress has a positive and significant effect on turnover intentions, and ethical leadership has a negative effect on turnover intentions. Keywords : Family-work conflict, work stress, ethical leadership, turnover intention employees. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-14-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

‘Lower’ social class of a client evokes class self‐awareness rather than discrimination in clinical reasoning: A video vignette study among British psychological and psychotherapeutic professionals working in the NHS

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the impact social class biases may have on the diagnosis and treatment of clients by psychological and psychotherapeutic professionals working in the National Health Service (NHS) in Britain.MethodsPsychological and psychotherapeutic professionals working in the NHS were randomised to one of two video vignettes representing a psychological assessment session with either a ‘lower’ or ‘upper’ class client. The accent and dress of the client were varied to elicit class stereotypes. The video and study measures were accessed online via a link to a webpage. Participants completed measures of clinical reasoning, namely diagnosis, risk assessment and treatment, as well as measures of class self‐awareness.ResultsAmong the 156 practitioners who completed the measures there was little difference between the two groups for the clinical reasoning measures. The expectation was that participants believed a ‘lower class’ client was more likely to receive an ‘alcohol or substance misuse’ diagnosis (p = .002; d = 0.40). Unexpectedly, seeing a ‘lower class’ client led to significantly increased class self‐awareness scores, particularly those measures indicating reflection on personal conflicts relating to practitioners’ own social class and the impact such biases may have on their work.ConclusionsThere was little difference in clinical reasoning between the two class conditions. This may be due to client class cues priming the psychologist to reflect on their own potential class biases. Practitioners may benefit from further reflection and training on biases related to substance use and social class.

Professionals’ Views on Offering Pre-Natal Testing for Adult Onset Cancer Susceptibility. Reconciling Personal and Professional Ethical Conflicts, Coping Strategies and Need for Policy Transparency

This paper explores views of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in genetics and foetal medicine settings on offering pre-natal diagnosis (PND) for adult onset cancer susceptibility (AOCS) genes. Study participants came from different disciplinary backgrounds and all had considered implications of offering PND for AOCS, directly or indirectly, from professional and personal perspectives. Foetal medicine and genetics teams are accustomed to offering PND with the possibility of terminating an affected foetus on the basis of preventing severe physical or mental handicap to the child [1, 2]. In this qualitative study, participants were invited to semi-structured interviews. Using a narrative approach, participants had space to follow their thought processes. Narratives were thematically analysed. Whilst participants predominantly agreed that PND for AOCS does not fulfil Ground E for termination, they acknowledged difficulties in defining ‘severe’ taking into account patients’ experiences and perspectives in the reproductive decision-making process. Findings indicated that many participants felt uneasy about the prospect of offering PND for a condition which does not, in their view, conform to the types of conditions typically seen and accepted in this context. Inconsistencies emerged around what participants think ‘is’ offered and what reproductive choices ‘should’ be offered to patients in this context. We discuss coping strategies used by HCPs to reconcile personal and professional ethical challenges. Offering Pre- implantation Genetic Testing (PGT) for AOCS is conflated with offering PND by some participants and we discuss possible reasons for this. We also explore potential impacts of PND for AOCS on mainstreaming cancer genetics. Our research demonstrates healthcare professionals’ resilience in aiming to deliver compassionate care despite their personal and professional ethical conflicts. We argue that making policy about PND transparent and accessible will support professionals who feel conflicted about offering PND in new contexts such as AOCS genes.

Improving Youngsters’ Resilience Through Video Game-Based Interventions

Radicalization, as a violent form of extremism, is a growing problem for Europe. Currently, it is possible to find extreme ideologies regarding almost every topic such as religion, politics or sports. This problem, which ranges from personal identity conflicts to complex societal issues, has an impact on several people everyday, especially on youngsters. To confront this situation, the European Union found several initiatives, as a way to face this problem from a scientific perspective. Some of these initiatives face the problem trying to reduce radicalization by working on personal and social skills through education, in such a way the youngster’s resilience is improved. This paper aims to present YoungRes, a European project whose goal is to improve the resilience of youngsters. To do so, it unifies an already created intervention — named Fortius — through the inclusion of video games in the learning process. This paper describes both: (1) how the Fortius program is modified to allow video games sessions and (2) the software architecture designed to allow students and educators to participate in YoungRes project. Finally, different suggestions to include in future versions of the game are discussed.

Donald Trump, the Reality Show: Populism as Performance and Spectacle

The rhetoric of U.S. President Trump is deeply ingrained into a populist discourse that caters to the emotional – rather than the rational – elements of human perception and interaction. Most notably, Trump’s populist rhetoric is marked by links to the genre of reality television. Rather than aspiring to educate viewers, reality television emphasizes personal conflict and dramatic tension. Trump’s performances (his rally speeches, but also his bestselling publications) are permeated by a reality-TV aesthetics, designed to effectively entertain audiences and create an impression of authenticity. Trump’s ›authentic populism,‹ however, is also deeply embedded into the conventional structures of nationalist thought, nativism, anti-elitism, and religious fundamentalism. An investigation of Trump’s populist rhetoric reveals four key components that are in tune with the key criteria that, according to Michael J. Lee, define the populist rhetoric: (1) a portrayal of ›ordinary people‹ as heroic figures; (2) a focus on presumptive enemies as threats to traditional values; (3) attacks against an ›establishment‹ threatening the people; and (4) an evocation of apocalyptic scenery. As a media persona, Trump combines these characteristics into a spectacle that resembles the type of entertainment program American viewers are familiar with from reality television.

What gets in the way of working with clients who have been sexually abused? Heuristic inquiry

ABSTRACT This article presents the findings of a heuristic investigation of factors that may hinder therapeutic work with people who have been sexually abused. The aim of the researchers was to conduct a study by exploring therapists’ lived experience of what may get in the way of working with sexual abuse. For the purpose 8 therapists were interviewed and the collected data was analysed using Heuristic Inquiry. The heuristic inquiry was also based on one of the researchers’ personal experience. The study demonstrated that most common hindrances to working with sexually abused clients are therapists’ lack of awareness, unresolved personal conflicts or unprocessed traumatic experiences, issues around sex and sexuality, gender stereotypes, lack of experience and inadequate training and supervision. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for therapeutic work with sexually abused clients. Further research areas are suggested.

“DIAGNOSTICS OF READINESS FOR FORGIVENESS” METHOD

The article discusses readiness for forgiveness, its measurement and relationships between readiness for forgiveness and self-acceptance and personal growth. The study aim was to analyze the research potential of the “Diagnostics of readiness for forgiveness” method and empirically identify relationships between readiness for forgiveness and self-acceptance and personal growth. The sample consisted of 351 people (179 women and 172 men), of which 183 were people aged 19 to 23 years and 168 people were age from 24 to 45 years. Forgiveness is understood as an individual’s conscious refusal of resentment, anger, hate, sadness caused by other people’s unjust attitudes towards him/her, and replacement of negative feelings with more neutral ones, and finally, positive ones, such as sympathy, pity, accompanied by positive thoughts about the offender, without blaming. The following psychological diagnostic methods were used for the empirical study: 1) the method “Diagnostics of readiness for forgiveness” (author S.L.Kravchuk); 2) Heartland Forgiveness Scale (L.Thompson et al., adaptation of E. L. Nosenko and A. V. Sokur; 3) the questionnaire on forgiveness and the Big Five personality traits (J.W. Berry, et al.); 4) the method “Personal aggressiveness and conflict” (authors E. Ilyin, P. Kovalev); 5) C. Riff’s scale of psychological well-being (adaptation of Shevelenkova and Fesenko). The obtained empirical data attested to the proper reliability and validity of the “Diagnostics of readiness for forgiveness” method. We revealed empirically that the proposed method had high retest reliability. The scales of the proposed method were characterized by good internal consistency. The good construct validity of the method was proved with the convergent validation strategy. The direct significant relationships between the integral indicator of readiness for forgiveness and self-acceptance and personal growth were empirically established. The higher readiness for forgiveness show people, the more they are prone to self-acceptance and personal growth.

Story of Tin: Narrative Inquiry into Experiences of First Philippine K-12 Graduate

The implementation of the K-12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines brought significant programs and projects to expand and improve the delivery of basic education in the country. It added two more years of senior high school in the basic education, broadening the goals of basic education to higher education preparation, middle level skills development, entrepreneurship, and employment. The present study used narrative inquiry to narrate the past experiences of Tin as one of the first graduates of this 7-year old educational reform. It examined Tin’s journey from junior high school to senior high school to gain a better understanding of being a K-12 student in the Philippines and a deeper and richer insight on the implementation of the K-12 curriculum. A qualitative analysis of an indepth interview with Tin highlighted her struggles, both in her junior and senior high schools. In particular, her struggles included some personal conflicts such as being academically competitive amidst being introvert and financially poor, adjustment to a new environment as she transferred from a rural school to an urban school, rigidity of her senior high school academic subjects, and her trouble with her teachers’ teaching styles. The story of Tin provided specific insights as to how similar conditions as hers may be avoided and how the teaching-learning process may be improved, particularly in the light of the K-12 curriculum implementation in the Philippines.