Personal Conflicts Research Articles

The Process of Establishing the Hungarian Television

The study discloses the secretly held facts of the establishment of Hungarian Television. It analyses the four-year-long process, including fiascos of political decisions, infighting in governmental economic and political organizations, financial aspects, as well as personal conflicts and battles. It discusses the factors leading to the original resolution of establishing Hungarian Television and also the factors contributing to the failure of the resolution. Beyond showing the role and activities of the Television Department itself, the article presents the peculiarities of Hungarian Television stemming from the changes sweeping the Hungarian political, economic and social life between 1952 and 1957.

MANAGING INTERPERSONAL MEANING IN SOCIAL MEDIA: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE USE

Social media has become an important platform for everyone to broadcast information, opinions, and emotion freely and borderless in today's society. Among other social media, Twitter is the most well-known social media platform for idea-sharing. With a resource such as hashtags, people can search, follow, and contribute to a specific topic, which can create a nationwide and even worldwide discussion. With such a high engagement between users, how the twitter users use language to manage interpersonal role-relationship effectively will determine how smooth a communication goes. Character education is an integral part of Indonesia's education system. Therefore, in this internet era, it is also essential to understand the language resources of interpersonal meaning that students can exploit to engage more positively while exercising their freedom of expression in social media. This study draws upon the Systemic Functional Linguistic's (SFL) theory of interpersonal metafunction (Halliday, 1978; Halliday & Matthiessen, 2014; Martin, 1992) that focuses on Mood and Modality and the Appraisal system (Martin, J.R.; White, 2005). As a case study, the data are taken from a trending topic in Indonesia Twitter, by choosing purposively some data that can best reflect the variety of interpersonal meaning.This study shows that specific interpersonal language resources can produce a more negotiated stance and solidarity that can lessen personal conflicts between users and encourage more positive communication.

Economic Stress, Family Distress, and Work-Family Conflict among Farm Couples

Objectives: Despite recognition that farming has substantial economic uncertainty, few recent studies have investigated how economic stress may impact the family dynamic among family farmers. This study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining both personal and global economic stress as a predictor of family distress and work-family conflict among a sample of farm couples. Methods: Participating in the study were 217 husband-wife dyads (434 individuals) in which farming was the primary occupation of the husband. A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess economic stress, family distress, and work-family conflict. Spouses completed separate online surveys to ensure independent responding. Results: Both individual (spillover) and dyadic (crossover) effects were examined. Results demonstrated farmers’ personal economic stress was positively related to individual and spousal family distress. Furthermore, family distress ws a mediator of the relationship between personal economic stress and work-family conflict for both farmers and their spouses. Conclusion: Economic stress is an important variable to consider when examining the work-family interface of farm couples. Moreover, personal economic stress had a larger impact on family distress and work-family conflict than global economic stress. By providing a better understanding of the family mechanisms by which economic stress may impact farm couples, it is hoped the current results can be used to assist in the development and application of mental health resources for farm families.

On Folklore Archives and Heritage Claims: the Manas Epic in Kyrgyzstan

Abstract In this article I focus on the importance of folklore archives in staking heritage claims and in disputes over cultural “ownership.” I use as a case study the Manas epic which is shared by post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan and China’s Kyrgyz minority. By analyzing the actors who took part in the transcription of the epic, the conditions under which these transcriptions were conducted, and the results they yielded, I show how, in the case of Kyrgyzstan, turning the epic from an oral tradition into a literary monument that could be claimed as national heritage was a long story of suffering and coercion, aspirations for reward and recognition, disaccords between holders of official authority and subordinates, and never-ending personal conflicts, all under the constantly looming threat of political repression. I contrast the uses of collections of transcripts under Soviet rule and in the post-independence period which overlapped with the UNESCO-driven heritage rush worldwide. I argue that while under Soviet rule the transcripts of the epic were “raw data” which editors, translators and scholars could bend according to their needs or their expertise, after independence these transcripts have been used both as a means of authenticating the epic and claiming it as heritage. I conceptualize this process as the “transvaluation” of folklore archives, or a process in which transcripts were turned into valuable historical artefacts by downplaying the agencies involved in their production and the circumstances under which it took place.

Animal personality can modulate sexual conflict over offspring provisioning

Sexual conflict over parental investment is widespread among species with biparental care. Studies have indicated that a high degree of behavioural similarity between the two parents can increase offspring survival; however, it remains unclear how sexual conflict over parental care is resolved. In this study, we examined whether similarity of personality traits between the two parents plays an important role in affecting the provisioning behaviour of each sex in a wild population of the chestnut thrush, Turdus rubrocanus . First, as expected, the mating pairs with more similar personality traits had higher provisioning rates than those pairs with dissimilar traits. Moreover, we found that the similarity of personality traits can modulate the sexual conflict over provisioning in this species, as both parents with more similar partners had relatively higher and less divergent provisioning rates. A partner removal experiment revealed how the sole female or male parent responded when the level of conflict over care increased (the removed partner does not provide any care). The majority of males always reduced their provisioning investment, while females’ decisions depended on the degree of similarity with their partners. Females compensated by provisioning more frequently in pairs of similar personality traits (i.e. accepting a high level of conflict), but reduced their provisioning investment in extremely dissimilar pairs. Our results promote a better understanding of the resolution of sexual conflict over provisioning and highlight the evolutionary significance of mating with similar partners based on certain personality traits. • We studied personality and sexual conflict over provisioning in chestnut thrushes. • Pairs with more similar activity provisioned chicks at higher rates. • Pairs with more similar activity had less divergent provisioning rates. • Activity similarity affected provisioning rate of parent after partner removed.

THE DIAGNOSTICS OF PERSONAL PROBLEMS OF WOMEN’S SELF-ACTUALIZATION BY METHOD OF KATATHYM IMAGINATIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY

The article deals with the problem of psychodiagnosis of personal problems of woman self-actualization by the method of katathym-imaginative psychotherapy. The current situation of self-actualization as a subject of study is considered. Different approaches to this topic are singled out, namely: self-actualization as a part of the structure of theories of personal development, connection of self-actualization with professional realization of a person, as well as features of woman self-actualization. According to theoretical and methodological materials, it was found that the specificity of woman self-actualization lies in the conflict of roles, namely in the priority of the role of wife, housekeeper over professional realization. It is also determined that the course of the conflict of roles is always personal, which is why it requires a qualitative diagnostic technics.
 It is noted that the method of the guided imagery (katathym-imaginative approach) having the basis of classical and modern psychoanalysis allows the psychologist to effectively diagnose and work with the client's personal conflict. The guided imagery as a method has three mechanisms of the psychotherapy influence: conflict, resource and creative. It is established that due to the combination of these components in the method, the client perceives the deepness of the work more easily and it is less likely to experience resistance.
 Based on empirical research, it was proved that the main motives of katathym-imaginative psychotherapy, namely “Meadow” and “Tree” are effective in diagnostic of the individual self-actualization features. A full description of the task motives was provided, as well as a detailed review of the work with the received materials. It is determined that the guided imagery helps the client to formulate his true request at work, as well as to realize and express their worries and feelings about self-realization. Qualitative changes in the self-esteem of the client were demonstrated, which also reflects the psycho-correctional effectiveness of the katathym-imaginative method of psychotherapy.

Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Treatment of Sacral Chordomas: An Institutional and International Comparison of Surgical and Conventional Radiotherapy Outcomes

Background: Chordomas are rare tumors that arise from notochordal remnants. Although maximal safe resection is the preferred initial management, radiotherapy is used in the adjuvant setting or primarily in nonsurgical candidates. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT), as an alternative to surgery alone or conventional radiotherapy modalities, has shown promising results to date. Methods: Baseline and tumor-related characteristics from two institutional cohorts were collected for patients diagnosed with sacral chordomas. Univariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between treatment type and oncologic and toxicity outcomes. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Cox proportional hazards model. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was also queried for sacral chordoma patients and included in OS analyses. Additionally, a comparison of cost between surgery and CIRT therapy was performed. Findings: A total of 919 patients were included in the study. Comparison of the institutional cohort (en bloc resection) to CIRT showed similar oncologic and toxicity outcomes, despite larger tumors in the CIRT group. The CIRT group experienced lower rates of peripheral motor neuropathy (OR: 0.13 [95% CI 0.04-0.40], p<0.001). In a comparison of NCDB to CIRT, significantly higher OS was found for CIRT when compared to margin-positive surgery without adjuvant radiotherapy (p=0.029) and primary photon radiotherapy alone (p<0.001). There was no difference in OS between patients treated with CIRT or proton radiotherapy. Mean total procedure and 2-year costs for CIRT are less than surgery. Interpretation: These findings suggest that CIRT is a safe and effective treatment for older patients with high performance status and sacral chordoma in which surgery in not preferred. Moreover, the use of CIRT might provide additional benefit for patients who undergo margin-positive resection or who are candidates for conventional radiotherapy alone. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: The authors have no financial or personal relationships or conflicts related to this work to disclose. Ethics Approval Statement: Following Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval at our institution, a retrospective review of hospital records was carried out for all patients diagnosed with chordoma of the sacrum between April 1994 and July 2017.

O32: TRANSPARENCY IN SURGICAL RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIALS: CROSS-SECTIONAL, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Abstract Introduction Randomised controlled trials (RCT) often provide the scientific basis on which commissioning and treatment decisions are made. It is essential that their results and methods are reported transparently. The aim of this study was to explore transparency with respect to trial registration, disclosure of funding sources, conflicts of interest (COI), and data sharing. Method This was a cross-sectional review of surgical RCTs. Data were extracted from RCTs in ten high-impact journals published in the years 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018. Outcomes of interest were the incidence of reported trial registration, disclosure of funding sources, disclosure of investigator COI, and presence of a statement of data sharing plans. Result A total of 475 were eligible for analysis. Trial registration was present in 73 (67%) studies in 2009, 137 (84%) in 2012, 111 (89%) in 2015 and 110 (93%) in 2018. Funding statements were provided in 55%, 65%, 69.4%, and 75.4% of manuscripts, respectively. Conflicts of interest statements were provided in 49.5%, 89.1%, 94.6%, and 98.3% of manuscripts, respectively. Data sharing statements were present in only 15 (3.2%) RCTs. Eleven of these were in studies published most recently in 2018. Conclusion Trial registration, presence of funding statements, and disclosure of personal conflicts of interest in surgical RCTs have improved rapidly over the last 10 years. In contrast, disclosure of data sharing plans is exceptionally low. This may contribute to research waste and represents an essential target for improvement. Take-home message Trial registration, presence of funding statements, and disclosure of personal conflicts of interest in surgical RCTs have improved rapidly over the last 10 years. In contrast, disclosure of data sharing plans is exceptionally low. This may contribute to research waste and represents an essential target for improvement.

Digging into group establishment: Intervention design and evaluation

Previous research has documented challenges in students’ group work. An identifiable segment of the previous research that relates to improving students’ group work conditions is the study of group formation and self- and peer-assessment. Though studies that primarily focus on how to address the conditions of students’ group work and the existing problems can be found, there are not many related to higher education settings. On this ground, the present article advances a qualitative evaluation of the intervention that promotes student groups’ self-awareness and thereby self-regulation toward fair group work during a software engineering project. An inductive thematic analysis was applied to the students’ written reflections on the intervention. To further understand the results, the concept of “group establishment,” referring to destructiveness that complicates individuals’ truthful living at the group level, was employed to reflect on the resulting themes. Hoggett (1998) provided this articulation by synthesizing previous results in psychoanalytic theory. Students’ experiences with the intervention revealed several value gains, including personally identified benefits as well as open group mood, consolidation of grouping, conceptual learning about group work, and regulation for task allocation. Noted challenges included dishonesty and a personal role conflict, and some students reported minor effects on group performance. Students valued safety in the intervention situation and argued that the intervention was needed from outside the group. A summative review of the students’ experiences suggests that the intervention was useful for all groups. The results are discussed from a pedagogic and the aforementioned psychoanalytic perspective, and remarks are made for software engineering education.

Narodni balady Volyni y Zakhidnoho Polissya v zapysakh Lesi Ukrayinky ta chleniv yiyi rodyny: ukrayinsʹko-polʹsʹki paraleli

The article highlights research findings of the ballad plots from the folklore repertoire of Volyn and Western Polissia of the end of the 19th century revealed in the records of Lesya Ukrainka and her family members (Mykhailo and Olha Kosach, Olena Pchilka) and also known in close Polish analogues of those days. The ballads, recorded by the Kosachs, are dominated by stories of family relationships and conflicts caused by marriage without love, long-term separation (the topic of incest), and the mother’s interference in a marital relationship that leads to murder, poisoning, and other tragic situations. A comparative analysis of ballad variants in two languages allows identifying not only the geographical area of spreading of ballad plots in the folklore of neighbouring nations, the specifics of plots, motifs, images, but also points to the features of the Ukrainian and Polish folklore works interaction on the borderlands. In the ballads, belonging to the International Ballad Fund, the plot-lines about wanderings of a dishonoured girl, the incest-related topics, mother’s poisoning of her daughter-in-law and son, about the death of a servant because of his/her mistress’ caprices, the wife’s murder of her husband are typical and similar to various languages. Ukrainian and Polish versions of the ballad-songs have similar features in the structural components of the lyrics, describing mostly life tragic collisions, everyday situations, dialogues of the characters, and artistic details. Despite the affinity of plots, images, artistic means of expression, multilingual texts offer different, often radically different ways of resolving personal and family conflicts. In addition, they are often marked with national colouration and reflect the features of local life, the social life realities of the Ukrainians, Poles, and other ethnic groups. The study has revealed that national attribution of the characters, their specific national names (especially in the Polish texts), polarization on the principle of ours/a stranger, a native/foreigner are the most noticeable features. The Ukrainian and Polish plots express mental ethnic stereotypes of folklore carriers, in particular, regarding women’s role in family and society.

How neuroticism affects prejudical attitudes and social distance

IntroductionPrevious studies didn’t find any connection between Neuroticism and authoritarian personality or social dominance orientation, but xenophobic attitudes might be hold even apart from these constructs.ObjectivesIn our study we compared subjects with high Neurtoticism score with controls with a focus on racism and social distance.MethodsThe Bogardus Social Distance Scale (BSDS) is a measure of perceived social distance of a subject towards concrete outgroups. Modern Racism Scale (MRS) and The Blatant and Subtle Prejudice Scales (BSRS) are scales measuring racism. For our study we used the Neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Also, we asked about personal conflicts with outgroup members and how subjects perceived their unpleasantness and importance. We measured the attitudes towards Romani, Vietnamese, foreigners, homeless people, migrants, people with mental disease and people with a physical disability.ResultsPeople with the high neuroticism score (SD≥1; N=48) showed significantly higher scores in racism. In comparison to control group (CG; N=96), their social distance differed significantly towards Romani, Vietnamese and migrants. Effect sizes were however on the threshold between weak and moderate. After Bonferroni correction, only the social distance towards migrants remained significant. People with the high neuroticism score didn’t report higher rate in conflict with outgroup members than HC.ConclusionsPeople with the high neuroticism score showed different pattern in attitudes towards outgroup members, but not in conflict with them, which might point at higher need of internalization of negative attitudes.

The relationship between nurse managers' personality traits and their conflict management strategy preferences.

To investigate the relationship between nurse managers' personality traits and conflict management strategies. Despite the important role of personality traits in conflict management strategy preferences, no study to date has addressed the relationship between personality traits and conflict management in nurse managers. A descriptive and cross-sectional design was applied. The study sample consisted of 114 nurse managers from six hospitals, and 111 participants completed forms for a total response rate of 97.36%. The main findings revealed that the conflict management strategies used by nurse managers participating were as follows: integrating (39.21, range=29-45), avoiding (38.39, range=23-65), compromising (31.51, range=24-40), dominating (20.05, range=12-28 ) and obliging (19.42, range=14-25). It was seen that managers whose personality traits were extraverted, agreeable or conscientious chose the integration strategy to manage conflict, whereas managers with emotional inconsistency in personality traits preferred the avoiding strategy. Nurse managers are important to effectively managing conflicts in the clinical environment. Personality trait may be linked to the successful management of conflict. Revealing the relationship between nurse managers' personality traits and associated conflict management strategies can help senior management organise useful training programmes to improve the conflict management capabilities.

Perceived occupational stressors among emergency medical service providers: a qualitative study

IntroductionEmergency medical services (EMS) providers are at continuous exposure to occupational stressors which negatively affect their health and professional practice. This study explored perceived occupational stressors among EMS providers.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted from December 2019 to April 2020 using conventional content analysis. Sixteen EMS providers were purposively selected from EMS stations in Hamadan, Iran. Semi-structured interviews (with length of 45–60 min) were held for data collection. Data were analyzed through Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis approach.FindingsData analysis resulted in the development of two themes, namely critical conditions of EMS provision, and personal and professional conflicts. The six categories of these two themes were complexity of patients’ clinical conditions, interruption of EMS provision, health hazards, interpersonal problems, interprofessional interactions, and legal conflicts.ConclusionBesides the stress associated with emergency patient care, EMS providers face many different occupational stressors. EMS managers can use the findings of the present study to develop strategies for reducing occupational stress among EMS providers and thereby, improve their health and care quality.

Intimidation, harassment, and discrimination during family medicine residency training: a mixed methods study

BackgroundThe importance of wellbeing of family medicine residents is recognized in accreditation requirements which call for a supportive and respectful learning environment; however, concerns exist about learner mistreatment in the medical environment. The purpose of this study was to to describe family medicine graduates’ perceived experience with intimidation, harassment and discrimination (IHD) during residency training.MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted on a cohort of family medicine graduates who completed residency training during 2006–2011. Phase 1, the quantitative component, consisted of a retrospective survey of 651 graduates. Phase 2, the qualitative component, was comprised of 11 qualitative interviews. Both the survey and the interviews addressed graduates’ experience with IHD with respect to frequency and type, setting, perpetrator, perceived basis for IHD, and the effect of the IHD.ResultsThe response rate to the survey was 47.2%, with 44.7% of respondents indicating that they experienced some form of mistreatment/IHD during residency training, and 69.9% noting that it occurred more than once. The primary sources of IHD were specialist physicians (75.7%), hospital nurses (47.8%), and family physicians (33.8%). Inappropriate verbal comments were the most frequent type of IHD (86.8%). Graduates perceived the basis of the IHD to be abuse of power (69.1%), personality conflict (36.8%), and family medicine as a career choice (30.1%), which interview participants also described. A significantly greater proportion IMGs than CMGs perceived the basis of IHD to be culture/ethnicity (47.2% vs 10.5%, respectively). The vast majority (77.3%) of graduates reported that the IHD experience had a negative effect on them, consisting of decreased self-esteem and confidence, increased anxiety, and sleep problems. As trainees, they felt angry, threatened, demoralized, discouraged, manipulated, and powerless. Some developed depression or burnout, took medication, or underwent counselling.ConclusionsIHD continued to be prevalent during family medicine residency training, with it occurring most frequently in the hospital setting and specialty rotations. Educational institutions must work with hospital administrators to address issues of mistreatment in the workplace. Residency training programs and the medical establishment need to be cognizant that the effects of IHD are far-reaching and must continuously work to eradicate it.

Safety and Efficacy of Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B Throughout Entire Pregnancy

Background: The data of antiviral therapy throughout the entire pregnancy are relatively scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antiviral therapy for chronic HBV infection throughout the entire pregnancy.Methods: This was a single-center, prospectively study. Fifty-five women received antiviral therapy (TDF or LDT) from pre-conception to the entire pregnancy. Sixty-four women did not receive antiviral therapy during pre-conception and the entire pregnancy. All infants in the two groups had received immunoprophylaxis on schedule. Mother-infant pairs were followed up at least 7 months postpartum. The outcome was the safety and efficacy of antiviral therapy for mothers and offspring.Findings: All mothers tolerated antiviral therapy (TDF or LDT) well. The mean maternal HBV DNA level in the antiviral therapy group was less than that of the control group before delivery as well as in the three months postpartum (PP=0.010). However, in 3 months postpartum, there was not a statistically significant difference in the maternal serum ALT level between the two groups (P=0.185). There was not a statistically significant difference in the pregnancy complications, the gestational weeks, and the mode of delivery between the two groups, respectively (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was not a statistically significant difference in the birth weight, the birth length, and the congenital diseases of infants between the two groups, respectively (P>0.05). In 7 months postpartum, none of infants who tested HBV status in the two groups was positive for HBsAg.Interpretation: Antiviral therapy (TDF or LDT) from pre-conception to the entire pregnancy could be safe and effective for pregnant women with HBV infection and their fetuses/ infants.Trial Registration: The present study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT03181607).Funding Statement: The present study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1001402, 2018YFC1002900), National Natural Science Foundation of China (81401306, 81830045), Clinical Research Project of Guangzhou Medical University (No. 2017[160]) and Sino-German Center for Research Promotion (SGC)'s Rapid Response Funding Call for Bilateral Collaborative Proposals between China and Germany in COVID-19 Related Research (No. C-0032).Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no financial, potential personal or commercial conflict of interest.Ethics Approval Statement: The present study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and was carried out in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant in the present study.

Living in dual liminal states: Navigating the loss of my father and my clinical career during a pandemic

Drawing from Van Gennep and Caffee’s conceptualization of liminality, this autoethnographic narrative portrays the author’s rites of passage into academia and through the death of her father. These fundamental developmental transitions and losses emerged concomitantly within the backdrop of a pandemic, further cloaking the world in grief and disequilibrium. Incorporating the voice of the personal as professional, the author portrays her existential struggles in relinquishing her cherished role as a palliative care social worker and living through her dad’s final months during a time of restricted social interaction. Interwoven throughout the narrative appear stories of strife, hope, grief, and professional epiphanies of purpose and insider privilege. The paper embraces both personal and professional conflicts and provides insight into the ways in which the unique setting of a pandemic can provide clarity for navigating the liminal states of separation, transition, and incorporation.

Fertility treatment and cancers-the eternal conundrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Does fertility treatment (FT) significantly increase the incidence of breast, ovarian, endometrial or cervical cancer? Overall, FT does not significantly increase the incidence of breast, ovarian or endometrial cancer and may even reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. Infertility affects more than 14% of couples. Infertility and nulliparity are established risk factors for endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer, yet the association with FT is more contentious. A literature search was carried out using Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline and Google Scholar up to December 2019. Peer-reviewed studies stating cancer incidence (breast, ovarian, endometrial or cervical) in FT and no-FT groups were identified. Out of 128 studies identified, 29 retrospective studies fulfilled the criteria and were included (n = 21 070 337). In the final meta-analysis, 29 studies were included: breast (n = 19), ovarian (n = 19), endometrial (n = 15) and cervical (n = 13), 17 studies involved multiple cancer types and so were included in each individual cancer meta-analysis. Primary outcome of interest was cancer incidence (breast, ovarian, endometrial and cervical) in FT and no-FT groups. Secondary outcome was cancer incidence according to specific fertility drug exposure. Odds ratio (OR) and random effects model were used to demonstrate treatment effect and calculate pooled treatment effect, respectively. A meta-regression and eight sub-group analyses were performed to assess the impact of the following variables, maternal age, infertility, study size, outliers and specific FT sub-types, on cancer incidence. Cervical cancer incidence was significantly lower in the FT group compared with the no-FT group: OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.46-0.99). The incidences of breast (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.73-1.01) and endometrial (OR 1.28; 95% CI 0.92-1.79) cancers were not found to be significantly different between the FT and no-FT groups. Whilst overall ovarian cancer incidence was not significantly different between the FT and no-FT groups (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.98-1.46), separate analysis of borderline ovarian tumours (BOT) revealed a significant association (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.27-2.25). In further sub-group analyses, ovarian cancer incidence was shown to be significantly higher in the IVF (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.03-1.69) and clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment group (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.10-1.77), respectively when compared with the no-FT group. Conversely, the incidences of breast (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.61-0.92) and cervical cancer (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.38-0.89) were significantly lower in the IVF treatment sub-group compared to the no-FT group. The large, varied dataset spanning a wide study period introduced significant clinical heterogeneity. Thus, results have to be interpreted with an element of caution. Exclusion of non-English citations, unpublished work and abstracts, in order to ensure data accuracy and reliability was maintained, may have introduced a degree of selection bias. The results for breast, ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer are reassuring, in line with previously published meta-analyses for individual cancers but the association between IVF and CC treatment and an increase in ovarian cancer incidence requires additional work to understand the potential mechanism driving this association. In particular, focusing on (i) discriminating specific treatments effects from an inherent risk of malignancy; (ii) differential risk profiles among specific patient sub-groups (refractory treatment and obesity); and (iii) understanding the impact of FT outcomes on cancer incidence. This study did not receive any funding. The authors have no financial, personal, intellectual and professional conflicts of interest to declare. CRD42019153404.

Transcribing in ESL: An Investigation into Role, Accuracy, and Skills

The role, accuracy, and skills of a team of ESL researchers who transcribed more than 3,000 English language learning histories (LLH) from university students in Hong Kong is examined in this paper. The paper provides an insight into the role of transcribers, how they approach their work, the problems they face, and how they overcome them including the conflict of their prior English language learning. A self-administered semi-structured interview and thematic analysis were used in this qualitative study. The findings show that transcribers learned experientially as they combined project guidelines and prior experience to achieve accuracy Transcribers feel more comfortable working on data that is closer to their English as a second language (ESL) background; however, this also contributed to personal conflict such as correcting grammatical errors. The outcomes suggest training, clear guidelines from supervisors, and incorporating feedback from transcribers can improve the richness and accuracy of data which is of great importance to second language data collection.

Rejection in The Discipline of Exile by the poet Adnan Al-Sayegh

Rejection is one of the most prominent expressions in Carrying an Exile Under the Arm of the poet Adnan Al- Sayegh, . The research is divided into two parts. The first part deals with tendencies of rejection; it is preoccupied with covering the substantive thrust of the refusal that spread in the literary text : rejection of place, rejection of history, refusal to take over, rejection Personal conflicts, and demonic rejection. The second part entitled mechanisms of rejection is concerned with studying the most important mechanisms achieved by Al- Sayegh through which he rejected in the texts of his collection of poetry is (negation), and (question), and (ridicule).

Via Ripetta 155: The last piece of Clara Sereni’s life writing story

Clara Sereni’s writing journey began in 1974 with Sigma Epsilon and went on to flourish through the years with the publication of numerous inspiring and thought-provoking literary works. Many of her autobiographical and fictional texts delve into the years between 1968 and 1977, a crucial decade that changed Italy and forever impacted the author’s life and political thinking. In Via Ripetta 155, Sereni found a renewed desire to bear witness to those politically revolutionary times by revisiting the experiences of her private self and her interaction with the public realm. This study engages with the analysis of this last piece of the complex puzzle that encompasses the written story of her life, and argues that the text represents a final self-empowering act in which the apartment of Via Ripetta becomes the stage for a dialectical discourse between personal achievements and socio-political changes, personal conflicts and public turmoil.