Personal Pronouns Research Articles

Sustainability in Leadership: The Implicit Associations of the First-Person Pronouns and Leadership Effectiveness Based on Word Embedding Association Test

Sustainability in Leadership: The Implicit Associations of the First-Person Pronouns and Leadership Effectiveness Based on Word Embedding Association Test

L2 Pragmatic Development in Constructing and Negotiating Contextual Meanings

Abstract The way in which L2 learners construct pragmatic and social meanings, including stances and identities, is emerging as an important research concern. In this study, we explore how L2 learners develop the ability to construct and negotiate pragmatic and social meanings, with a focus on meanings manifested in specific contexts, namely, contextual meanings. Specifically, we trace the development made by a group of 30 L2 Korean learners in their understanding of the contextual meanings of Korean first-person pronouns over the provision of L1- and L2-generated input and an awareness raising activity. Our findings reveal that provision of input of the underlying stereotypical meanings facilitated learners’ (re-)construction and negotiation of contextual meanings. The learners developed from oversimplistic form-meaning connections to more context-based and internally logical interpretations of contextual meanings, constructed new contextual meanings from the input, and agentively negotiated between the input and their existing indexical systems. The findings raise important pedagogical implications, including reconsideration of the assessment of pragmatic and sociolinguistic competence.

Demonstration Method in Teaching Writing and Personal Pronouns

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the demonstration technique in teaching writing and personal pronouns refer to grammar to Private High School students in Lampung. Writing is a complicated aspect of English skills, particularly for personal pronouns. Personal pronouns are used by people, animals, things, or things. These pronouns depend on the role (subject, object, or possessive), number, third-person, and gender of the replaced noun. The students admitted that the learning method they had received thus far was tedious and only confused them; they needed to learn how to distinguish pronouns in personal pronoun material. The research used a qualitative method and involved 55 students from Private High School students in Lampung, classes IX A and B. Before the demonstration method was applied, almost 50% of students' scores were below 78. The learning method they received was tedious and confusing; they needed to learn how to distinguish pronouns in personal pronouns. However, students’ performance increased or was higher after using the demonstration method. The good and excellent ranges improved to 29%, and 58% of the total was 87%. The results indicate that the demonstration technique is an effective method for teaching writing, particularly for enhancing students' understanding of personal pronouns. Hence, demonstration techniques offer an alternative approach to selecting methods for English language learning. Through the implementation of these techniques, there is an expectation that English learning will become more interactive, thereby engaging students' interest.

Analysis of the Experiential Metafunction in the Lyrics of Bob Marley’s “Redemption Song”

This study employs a qualitative content analysis method to explore the experiential metafunction within the lyrics of Bob Marley's "Redemption Song." The methodology comprises acquiring the song lyrics from credible sources and scrutinizing them to identify the processes, participants, and circumstances depicted within the composition. The analytical approach focuses on understanding how these elements contribute to the narrative and thematic depth of the song. Through the analysis, several key findings emerge: Participant 1 varies between personal pronouns, groups, and abstract entities, representing different facets of the narrative and thematic elements. Material processes predominate, highlighting the tangible struggle for freedom depicted in the song. Participant 2 encompasses various entities affected by the actions of Participant 1, showcasing the multifaceted nature of the struggle for liberation. Circumstances provide additional details about the actions, contextualizing them within specific timeframes, locations, mannerisms, and motivations. This analysis offers a comprehensive understanding of how Bob Marley utilized language to construct a powerful and impactful message of redemption and empowerment in his iconic song. By investigating into the experiential metafunction, this study sheds light on the intricacies of Marley's lyrical style and the enduring relevance of his music in addressing social and spiritual liberation.

К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ОСЛОЖНЕННЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ КАК ИНОСТРАННОМУ

About Studying Complicated Sentences in Russian as a Foreign Language Classes Summary The article discusses sentences, complicated by isolated of minors members, in the classroom on Russian as a foreign language. Isolated minors members are relatively independent in the sentence and are characterized by intonation emphasis. In most cases, isolated minor members enter into a semi-predicative attitude with the basic of the sentence or with any of its members. An important prerequisite for isolation is the absence of a close syntactic connection between the word form and it’s definable. For this reason, predominantly freely attaching determinants, agreed and adjoining nominal word forms are isolated. The semi-predicative function can be harmonized and non-harmonized definitions, as well as sentences related to personal pronouns. The study of complicated sentences contributes to the development of oral and written speech of Azerbaijani students. Key words: Russian as a foreign language, complicated sentence, separation, semi-predicativeness

Neural correlates of depression-related smartphone language use in adolescents

Magnetic resonance imaging has provided pathophysiological insights into adolescent depression but is a relatively inaccessible technology. Generating scalable indicators of depression that are informed by neuroscience is therefore critical for providing solutions that allow us to detect and treat this devastating disorder. In this preregistered study, we investigated whether passively acquired smartphone-based language usage represents such an indicator of depression and explored whether the neural correlates of depression mediate or moderate this association. Forty adolescents (ages 14–18 years) with (n = 26) and without (n = 14) depression completed clinical assessments and a resting-state fMRI scan, prior to downloading a passive mobile sensing app to their smartphones. Linguistic features derived from over 1.2 million words (319,364 messages) across all smartphone apps were used to examine word usage patterns. Independent components analysis followed by dual regression was used to derive intrinsic networks commonly associated with depression: central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN). Depression was associated with more negative emotion word usage and fewer future-focus word usage on a daily basis (all ps < 0.05). Higher depressive symptoms and brain networks DMN and CEN were associated with greater first-person pronoun usage (all ps < 0.04). Accounting for CEN connectivity amplified the positive association between depressive symptoms and first-person pronoun usage. Lower SN–CEN connectivity moderated the association between depression and negative emotion word usage. Depression in adolescents is associated with naturalistic language usage during smartphone activities and may represent neurocognitive biases that are candidate treatment targets for interventions.

A Stylistic Analysis of Joe Biden's Inaugural Political Speech

In this paper, a stylistic approach has been used to investigate the linguistic features of President Joe Biden's inauguration political speech. Special importance is given to its linguistic characteristics that affect the structure of the selected political speech. This paper is an attempt to highlight the political language of Biden’s political speech. The aim is to seek out how political speeches are packaged to persuade citizens and readers and how stylistic analytical tools assist readers in interpreting the language of Biden in the selected speech. The data has been collected from Time Magazine. The data selection is restricted to Biden's inauguration political speech and has been chosen based on certain foregrounding features that indicate a powerful stylistic effect on readers. The qualitative method has been used to analyze the selected data. In the analysis, some linguistic features, such as graphological, syntactic, grammatical deviations, transitivity, and modality have been used to investigate the style of the selected speech to reveal persuasion. The findings show that Biden's inauguration political speech achieves power, and persuasion through the use of certain stylistic features including lexical and grammatical categories such as abstract nouns, personal pronouns, mental processes, and certain modal auxiliaries. It is concluded that the lexical items that Biden uses are crucial in passing his message to his nation. However, the tendency to use distinctive foregrounding features in the consistent repetition of lexical items and sentence structures are stylistic technique used by Biden for the sake of persuasion.

Are Personal and Reflexive Pronouns Dissociated in Agrammatic Comprehension? An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis With Clinical Implications.

This study had three objectives: (a) to verify if Grodzinsky et al.'s (1993) findings of worse comprehension of personal than reflexive pronouns can be replicated in a larger meta-analysis of individual participant data, (b) to examine if the heterogeneity found in the patterns of pronoun comprehension in agrammatism can be attributed to task effects, and (c) to evaluate the risk of bias in the reviewed studies. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed to identify studies examining the personal-reflexive pronoun dissociation in agrammatic comprehension. Seven studies met the search criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. For each participant, individual accuracy scores for the comprehension of personal and reflexive pronouns were extracted in addition to information on the study methods. Individual accuracy data were analyzed using the Fisher's exact test and the binomial test. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The meta-analysis had three main findings: (a) The majority of the persons with agrammatic aphasia (89%) had no dissociation between the comprehension of personal and reflexive pronouns; (b) 8% revealed a pattern consistent with a neuropsychological dissociation, faring worse on the comprehension of personal than reflexive pronouns; and (c) 2% performed worse on reflexive than personal pronouns. The type of the task used affected pronoun comprehension accuracy and accounted for the heterogeneity in the patterns of pronoun comprehension attested across the different participants. Taken together, the meta-analysis did not support a dissociation between personal and reflexive pronoun comprehension in agrammatic comprehension. When confirmed, the dissociation was driven by task effects. The clinical implications of these findings were discussed together with implications to minimize the risk of bias in future examinations of the topic.

MANIPULATION AS A TYPE OF SPEECH INFLUENCE IN SPORTS ARTICLE

Background. The article focuses on the manipulative influence issues in sports analytical articles. Nowadays our life is significantly affected by sport and key sports events are covered by mass media. Since one of the major functions of mass media is the function to influence the reader, an attempt to analyze the mechanisms of manipulation within the framework of sports discourse seems to be reasonable. Based on the theoretical research study, it is established that manipulation is primarily characterized by its covert nature. In the practical part an analysis of linguistic ways of representation of manipulation on lexical and syntactical levels is given. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to define the mechanisms of manipulation in sports analytical articles and to analyze their linguistic side. Materials and methods. The research material comprises 7 sports analytical articles of 2024 taken from digital versions of the British magazines such as The Guardian and The Sun. The main research methods include analysis and synthesis of theoretical materials, discourse and contextual analysis together with descriptive method. The methods enumerated have given an opportunity to obtain accurate data on linguistic representation of various ways of manipulation in sports discourse. Results. The results of the study have shown that sports analytical articles possess a significant potential to influence the reader due to some manipulative methods such as hedges, labels, first person pronoun in a plural form, rhetorical questions and multiplication. The ways of linguistic representation of these manipulative methods are analyzed. Practical implications. The research results can be used for further investigation of ways of manipulation within sports analytical articles as well as in the development of courses on speech influence and sports discourse.

Syntactic and Rhetorical Analysis of Joe Biden’s Inaugural Speech at Washington D.C.

Inaugural speech is the first chance for a president to engage the public in new strategies for success. Every inaugural speech is an example of the aims and objectives of the future. As president of America, Joe Biden has faced many challenges, including foreign affairs, a poor economy due to COVID-19, and, most importantly, American unity. The focus of the present investigation is to lead a stylistic examination from the viewpoint of syntax and rhetoric on Joe Biden's inaugural speech in Washington,D.C., on January 21, 2021. The researchers discovered that the speech is full of rhetorical and syntactic devices. The analysis revealed that the speech emphasized on unity and solidarity to preserve and promote American Identity through the excessive use of First-person pronouns and planned use of similes, repetitions, modality and conjunction. In this way, Biden made his speech productive and readily revealed his plans and motives to his audience.

“... but be sure you let it settle”: Late Modern Authors’ Presence in English Scientific Texts

The use of pronouns shows the author’s intention to address the reading public or the presence of the target readership in texts. This paper focuses on second-person pronouns, which are especially revealing of the author`s desire to engage the reader by endowing on them an active role in the negotiation and construction of knowledge. For the same reason, we will also analyse the use of the word reader. Science writing is thus understood as a dialogue between the two groups of participants involved in knowledge creation. Two usages of you have been detected in previous works using the Coruña Corpus of English Scientific Writing (CC): general and dialogic. The former might be interpreted as a generic “one,” “everybody;” the latter, considered as an in-group strategy that embraces both the writer and the reader. The detailed analysis of the pragmatics of the second person pronouns and reader in Corpus of English Chemistry Texts (CEChET) and Late Modern English Medical Texts (LMEMT) will hopefully shed some light on the object-centred nature of scientific writing.

Self-identity construction via self-reference in pre-modern Chinese intellectuals’ letters home: A case study

This study explores pre-modern Chinese intellectuals’ identity construction through the choice of self-referring forms in their letters home. Based on a case study of Hu Shih's letters home, it categorizes the self-referring forms he used and self-identities he constructed, and further investigates the underlying sociocultural factors. It shows that Hu Shih employed four categories of self-referring forms, namely first-person pronouns, kinship terms, names, nicknames, and pen names, and appositive expressions. With these forms of self-reference, he constructed himself as a kin member, an independent person, and a scholar. Hu's construction of the first self-identity might have been influenced by the traditional family ethics and ideology prevalent within Chinese social structure, whereas that of the other two could be ascribed to the emerging social changes at the historical turning point, and scholarly principles. The study provides a new perspective for understanding traditional Chinese intellectuals’ letters home in the pre-modern society of China.

An Analysis of Deixis in "Who I Am" Song Lyrics by Alan Walker, Putri Ariani and Peder Elias.

Songs are among the most widely used forms of media in society to convey ideas and emotions which can draw pragmatics attention. The objective of this research is to analyze the types, and the dominant type of deixis used in song lyrics of “Who I am” by Alan Walker, Putri Ariani and Peder Elias. The researcher elects the song as the object of the analysis because the song is the result of collaboration among three talented singers and one of them is from Indonesia, Putri Ariani. The music video had been watched more than 32 million times and was included in the YouTube Music trending ranks. This research uses qualitative research method. In data collection technique, the researcher uses document analysis. All the types of deixis encompassing personal pronoun, social, discourse, place, and time deictic expressions were found in the song lyrics of “Who I am” by Alan Walker, Putri Ariani and Peder Elias. In person deixis, the deictic expression are personal pronoun. The results of the research indicated (1) there are 99 data of five deixis types found in song lyrics of “Who I am” by Alan Walker, Putri Ariani and Peder Elias, consisting of: 49 data (49.49.7%) of person deixis, 6 data (6.06%) of spatial deixis, 32 data (32.32%) of temporal deixis, 1 word (1.01%) of social deixis, and 11 data (11,11%) of discourse deixis. Thus, the personal deixis (49 deictic words or 49.49%) was the most frequently used deixis.

Hombres, mujeres y reguetón: una aproximación pragmalingüística

This paper focuses on how male reggaeton singers depict women in their songs. Our aim is to find out the features of this depiction and, on the other hand, to compare our results with the results obtained in a previous work of songs of female singers. To make it possible, the pragmatic perspective is adopted as methodological model, to identify which linguistic units are the accurate ones to explain our topic. Thus, the analysis of the most popular male singers in Spain between 2018 and 2021 has revealed that personal pronouns and possessives are the units that indicate how is the conception of the women and the relationship between locutors and allocutaries displayed in the songs. The latter allow us to conclude that, although women and men share some constituents of that musical genre, each one has also different ways to practice it

“I have known….” A Corpus-driven Study of Personal Pronouns in Letters of Recommendation in an L2 Context

In recent times, there has been an upsurge of scholarly attention on hitherto occluded genres such as the Letter of Recommendation (LoR). Although several studies have been conducted on the LoR, studies on lexico-grammatical features are rare. This study, therefore, adopts a corpus-driven approach to examine the use of personal pronouns (PPs) in LoRs written by Ghanaian academics. A specialized corpus of LoR, totalling approximately twenty thousand (20, 000) running words was created for this study. The concordance tool in AntConc (v. 3.2.4.) was employed to search for all instances of PPs in the corpus. The concordance lines were manually examined to determine the referents of the PPs. The study revealed the diversity of PP resources in LoRs. It was also found that the PPs were mainly recommender-oriented, recommendee-oriented, or requester-oriented, culminating in a proposed model of discourse-internal and external participants in LoRs. Again, the study revealed that LoR is typified by singular PPs, reflecting the fact that it is mainly authored by an individual for an individual. The findings have implications for the pragmatics of PPs and the scholarship on LoR. It is thus recommended that an intercultural study of LoR be undertaken to establish variations in the use of personal pronouns. Keywords: Corpus Linguistics, L2 Context, Letter of recommendation, English for Specific Purposes

“As Dry Trees That Have No Fruits”

This article publishes the surviving parts of a hitherto unknown Mandaean spell for the protection of a woman from childlessness. The spell has been reconstructed from two fragmentary amulets that were written on lead lamellae in the Sasanid period (MLSC 18 and 19). The overlapping sections of the two amulets show some linguistic differences but are otherwise clearly parallel copies of the same formula. The spell is narrated in the name of Iauar son of Iauar and mentions other figures known from the Mandaean canonical literature. Iauar witnesses the unnatural behavior of the demons, who cause barrenness and infertility by the purloining of male and female seed, and cause infant mortality through acts of demonic violence. The text breaks off at the point where the narrator binds the demons. The formula adds several words to the Mandaic lexicon and a previously unattested form of the 1 c.s. personal pronoun.

Analisis Wacana Kohesi Pada Teks Debat Calon Presiden Prabowo Subianto Tahun 2024

The research on "Text Cohesion Analysis of Prabowo's Speeches in the Election of Presidential Candidates and Vice Presidential Candidates in 2024" examines the forms of lexical cohesion and grammatical cohesion in the context of the 2024 Prabowo Subianto presidential candidate debate text. The descriptive qualitative methodology was used to analyse the data. The data source for this research is the text recording of the 2024 presidential candidate debate sourced from National TV broadcasts and online news outlets on Narasi.tv. Data was collected for this research through the use of the observational method, accompanied by note-taking techniques. The discourse theory-based agih method was utilized for the data analysis. The findings of this research revealed the existence of lexical cohesion and grammatical cohesion in the texts under examination. The grammatical cohesion observed comprises personal referential elements, including singular and plural first person pronouns, demonstrative references in the past tense, substitutions and conjunctions. In contrast, lexical cohesion is observed in only a few instances, such as repetition and synonymy. This article aims to provide a deeper understanding of discourse, particularly with regard to lexical cohesion and grammatical cohesion.

Tumors, Treatments, and Trust: Cancer Characteristics, Outcomes, and Screening Uptake in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Patients.

More than 2.5 million adults in the United States identify as transgender or gender-diverse (TGD), but little data exist on cancer screening and care for this population. We examined cancer characteristics, screening adherence, genetic testing, and provider inclusive language for TGD patients with cancer. This single institution retrospective cohort study identified TGD patients with cancer between 2000 and 2022. Demographic, clinicopathological, treatment, and screening data were collected, as well as data on gender-affirming care (GAC) and use of patients' personal pronouns in medical records. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to report outcomes. Sixty unique patients with 69 cancer diagnoses were included: 63.3% were transgender women, 21.7% transgender men, 6.7% nonbinary, and 8.3% were genderqueer. Sixty-five percent had a family history of cancer. Only 46.2% of thosewho met genetic testing criteria were referred. On review of recommended cancer screening, colorectal screening had the greatest uptake (62%), followed by breast (48.3%), lung (35.7%), cervical (33.3%), and prostate (32%); 8.5% of cancers were diagnosed on screening. Individuals with Medicare had reduced odds of screening uptake (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01-0.58) versus private insurance. With respect to GAC, 73.3% used gender-affirming hormone therapy and 41% had gender-affirming surgery. After initiating GAC and asserting personal pronouns, 75% were referred to by incorrect name/pronouns in provider documentation. Our TGD cancer patient cohort had low rates of disease-specific cancer screening and inadequate genetic referrals.Many providers did not use appropriate patient names/pronouns. Provider and patient interventions are needed to ensure inclusive preventative and oncologic care for this marginalized population.

SELF DISTANCING EFFECT IN WRITING NEGATIVE EVENTS REMEMBERING OR WRITING? IMPLICATIONS OF SELF-DISTANCING IN THE REFLECTION OF NEGATIVE EVENTS

Although many studies indicate that self-distancing facilitates adaptive self-reflection, it is necessary to examine the variables in the adaptive self-reflection process further to determine whether it will produce the same profile when the self-reflection is done through writing. As such, this study aims to examine a) whether the induction to remember from an actor's perspective and from an observer’s perspective has the same implications as the induction to write using the first-person pronouns and using own-name in facilitating adaptive self-reflection, and b) whether adaptive self-reflection through writing has the same profile as adaptive self-reflection through remembering (thinking). Two quasi-experimental studies (N=428) conducted in this research found that self-distancing was the only variable that differed significantly when we induced the actor's perspective and the observer's perspective (study 1), but the variables of self-distancing, emotional reactivity, and reconstruing differed significantly when self-reflection was conducted through writing manipulation using the first-person pronouns and using own-name. It was also found that adaptive self-reflection through writing (study 2) had a stronger correlation in the negative direction between self-distancing and emotional reactivity, recounting, avoidance, and in the positive direction with the variables of reconstruing, memory age, and perceived resolution, which meant that writing about negative experiences better facilitates adaptive self-reflection than just remembering. We also analyzed the intervening variables to see the direct or indirect relationship between key variables.

Exploring the Meaning of Addressing Ité in the Manggarai Language and Culture

The research explored the connection between the linguistic elements and cultural principles of the Manggarai language, focusing on the provided arguments. Language utilization typically represented the societal customs, cognitive processes, cognitive functioning, historical context, and interconnections within a given human civilization. Utilizing the inclusive personal pronoun, ‘we ité’ in the Manggarai language facilitated the identification of two indicated elements (linguistic elements and cultural principles). The research applied a descriptive-qualitative method. Data were obtained using observations and interviews conducted with fifteen traditional representatives from six communities using the purposive sampling method. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis was performed on the collected data. The findings suggest that its utilization in its various manifestations indicates the cultural norms and customs observed by those living in the Manggarai region of Indonesia. Based on the presented data, the research asserts that the first personal pronoun plural inclusive ‘we ité’ in the Manggarai language and culture serves as a means for the speaker to communicate politeness and humility towards the hearer or listener. It signifies a genuine respect for the interlocutor, particularly when they hold a high position. In addition, it shows familiarity, brotherhood, and sincerity in interpersonal relationships by expressing respect, appreciation, and enthusiasm. Lastly, it serves as a profound respect to the Almighty Creator.