Wall Permeability Research Articles

Mechanism of antimicrobials immobilized on packaging film inhabiting foodborne pathogens

Non-migrating active packaging can provide long-lasting and safe antibacterial effects; however, the underlying antibacterial mechanism remains unclear. In this study, chitosan (CS) and lysozyme (LYS) were covalently immobilized on a polylactic acid (PLA) film to produce functional packaging films, chitosan-graft-polylactic acid (CS-g-PLA) and lysozyme-graft-polylactic acid (LYS-g-PLA). The antimicrobial effects and mechanisms of action of these films against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the CS and LYS against S. aureus were both 1.25 mg/mL; the MIC against E. coli was 1.25 mg/mL for CS and 2.5 mg/mL for LYS. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed physical damage, significant morphological changes, and intracellular component leakage from bacterial cells after treatment with antimicrobial agents. Cell integrity and conductivity tests showed that bacterial cell membrane integrity was destroyed, and its permeability changed. The gel retardation assay showed that the CS-g-PLA film affected the bacteria by binding to genomic DNA. The results showed that the grafted films effectively inhibited S. aureus and E. coli. CS-g-PLA and LYS-g-PLA films inhibited bacterial growth by destroying the integrity of bacterial cell membranes and promoting changes in membrane wall permeability. In addition, immobilized CS can enter bacterial cells and bind with DNA, thus inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Spatial and spectral characteristics of information flux between turbulent boundary layers and porous media

The interaction between boundary layer turbulence and a porous layer is the cornerstone of interface engineering. In this study, the spatial and spectral-resolved transfer entropy is used to assess the asymmetry of the causal interaction next to the permeable wall. The analysis is based on pore-resolved direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow over cylinder arrays. The spatial map of transfer entropy reveals the information flux between the porous medium and arbitrary nearby positions, and paths connecting locations with maximum information transfer are identified. The paths in the ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ directions, respectively, lean upstream and downstream, demonstrating that the coupling process is directionally dependent. The scale dependence of transfer entropy is inspected with a surrogate data strategy. As wall permeability increases, the active scale range in causal interaction shifts from near-wall vortices to Kelvin–Helmholtz type eddies. In addition, linear stochastic estimation is used to determine the statistical velocity field for a local informative event. In an average sense, the interaction between a convecting sweep or ejection event and the up/down-welling motions at the pore unit is the core mechanism that contributes to the causal coupling. The statistical findings derived from the transfer entropy are then validated using a neural network-based remote sensing model.

Angiopoietin-Like Protein 2 Is Increased in Obese Mouse Models of Lung Injury.

Objective To investigate the regulatory role of angiopoietin-1ike protein 2 (Angptl 2) in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods A high-fat diet (HFD) and tail vein injection of 0.1 ml/kg oleic acid were used to induce acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS models, and male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group (injected with normal saline), ALI group (injected with oleic acid), HFD group (injection of normal saline), and ARDS group (HFD+injection of oleic acid). The degree of lung injury was assessed by lung histopathology score and lung injury index. At the same time, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Angptl 2 in lung tissue were also detected to determine the relationship between Angptl 2 and ARDS. Results Lee's index of the HFD group and ARDS group was significantly higher than that of the control group and ALI group (P < 0.05), and the lung injury index of the ARDS group was significantly higher than that of the ALI group. The expression of Angptl 2 in the lung tissue of the ALI group and ARDS group was significantly different, and the Angptl 2 mRNA level was the highest in the ARDS group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the alveolar walls of the ALI group and ARDS group were severely collapsed, and the ARDS group had the greatest Angptl 2 aggregation at the site of edema exudation. Conclusion Collectively, obesity might be mediated by Angptl 2 and promotes lung injury. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the expression of the receptor on alveolar walls was correlated with Angptl 2, which increased alveolar wall permeability, edema fluid exudation, and alveolar wall collapse. Thus, Angptl 2 might be a target for improving the treatment of ARDS.

Nano-Formulation Based Intravesical Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview of Versatile Approaches to Improve Urinary Bladder Diseases.

Intravesical drug delivery is a direct drug delivery approach for the treatment of various bladder diseases. The human urinary bladder has distinctive anatomy, making it an effective barrier against any toxic agent seeking entry into the bloodstream. This screening function of the bladder derives from the structure of the urothelium, which acts as a semi-permeable barrier. However, various diseases related to the urinary bladder, such as hyperactive bladder syndrome, interstitial cystitis, cancer, urinary obstructions, or urinary tract infections, can alter the bladder’s natural function. Consequently, the intravesical route of drug delivery can effectively treat such diseases as it offers site-specific drug action with minimum side effects. Intravesical drug delivery is the direct instillation of medicinal drugs into the urinary bladder via a urethral catheter. However, there are some limitations to this method of drug delivery, including the risk of washout of the therapeutic agents with frequent urination. Moreover, due to the limited permeability of the urinary bladder walls, the therapeutic agents are diluted before the process of permeation, and consequently, their efficiency is compromised. Therefore, various types of nanomaterial-based delivery systems are being employed in intravesical drug delivery to enhance the drug penetration and retention at the targeted site. This review article covers the various nanomaterials used for intravesical drug delivery and future aspects of these nanomaterials for intravesical drug delivery.

A New DNA-Mediated Antibacterial Agent Magnetic (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles with Gold and Silver Functionalization

By using a hydrothermal process, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with gold and silver caps (Au, Ag) were created, and their antibacterial activity was tested against S. aureus and E. coli .By using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the functionalized nanoparticles were evaluated. The functionalized Fe3O4-Au had an average size of (8-22) nm, whereas the Fe3O4-Ag had an average size in the range of (4-16) nm. At room temperature, the Fe3O4-Au @ Fe3O4-Ag displayed superparamagnetic and strong saturation magnetization. Using the agar well-diffusion technique, the antibacterial activity of the Fe3O4-Au and Fe3O4-Ag was assessed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The release technique was used to track alterations in the morphology of the microorganisms under investigation. The outcomes demonstrated the effectiveness of magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles functionalized with gold and silver as a new DNA-mediated antibacterial agent. By breaking through the bacterial membrane's cytoplasm and nucleic acid, Fe3O4-Au @ Fe3O4-Ag nanoparticles were shown to kill bacteria by causing cell-wall integrity to be lost, increased cell wall permeability and damage to nucleic acids.

Kinase Hog1 and Adr1 Opposingly Regulate Haploid Cell Morphology by Controlling Vacuole Size in Sporisorium scitamineum.

Morphogenesis is a strictly regulated efficient system in eukaryotes for adapting to environmental changes. However, the morphogenesis regulatory mechanism in smut fungi is not clear. This study reports a relationship between MAP kinase Hog1 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A catalytic subunit (Adr1) for the morphological regulation in the sugarcane pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum. The results demonstrated that MAP kinase Hog1 and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways are essential for the morphological development of S. scitamineum. Interestingly, MAP kinase Hog1 and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways’ defective mutants exhibit an opposite morphological phenotype. The morphology of cAMP/PKA defective mutants is recovered by deleting the SsHOG1 gene. However, MAP kinase Hog1 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit Adr1 do not interfere with each other. Further investigations showed that kinase Hog1 and Adr1 antagonistically regulates the vacuolar size, which contributes to the cell size and determines the cellular elongation rates. Kinase Hog1 and Adr1 also antagonistically balanced the cell wall integrity and permeability. Taken together, kinase Hog1- and Adr1-based opposing morphogenesis regulation of S. scitamineum by controlling the vacuolar size and cell wall permeability is established during the study.

Boerhavia diffusa plant extract can be a new potent therapeutics against mutant nephrin protein responsible for type1 nephrotic syndrome: Insight into hydrate-ligand docking interactions and molecular dynamics simulation study

Nephrotic syndrome type 1 is an inherited condition in which mutation of NPHS1 gene, which encodes nephrin protein, results increase permeability of glomerular capillary wall for macromolecules causes heavy proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and edema. Nephrotic syndrome patients are resistant to steroid and immunosuppressive treatment. Natural products have traditionally been used to treat a number of chronic diseases. Present study was focused to investigate potency of different phytochemicals found in Boerhavia diffusa (B.diffusa) plant against mutant nephrin protein. The study involves virtual screening of total 66 bioactive compounds from B.diffusa plant against wild type and mutant models of Ig4 domain of nephrin protein through AutoDock raccoon. Based on binding energy and drug-likeness property, seven phytocompounds were screened. Hydrate-ligand docking (addition of explicit waters in ligands) method was used to select potential phytocompounds that could bind to mutant model of Ig4 domain of nephrin protein. For further prediction, molecular dynamics simulations with 100ns trajectory of Ig4 domain of nephrin protein in glycolipid bilayer membrane for systems such as wild, mutant, mutant model complex with boeravinone M and mutant model complex with boeravinone E were thoroughly studied. Hydrate-ligand docking result predicted boeravinone M and boeravinone E have shown better binding performance with mutant model. It causes due to hydration force field that measures entropy and enthalpy for each water molecule separately, allowing for more exact estimations of their contribution to ligand-protein interaction. Boeravinone E shows lowest short-range Lennard-Jones (LJ-SR) interaction energies of −47.78 ± 12.7 kJ/mol. The results showed reduced compactness and stability nature of mutant model of Ig4 domain of nephrin protein, however, binding with boeravinone E has effectively modulated its stability and function by increasing its compactness. Current study may provide insight into therapeutic development of boeravinone E as a potential inhibitor against NPHS1in near future.

Transcriptome profiling of the chilling response in wheat spikes: I, acclimation response to long-term chilling treatment

Chilling conditions coinciding with the early stage of flowering cause significant yield losses in temperate climate zone wheat crops. Progress in breeding for chilling tolerance has been hampered by a lack in understanding of the physiological basis of the problem. Phenotyping methods have therefore used grain yield related traits, rather than traits that focus directly on the cause of the problem. In this study we used transcriptome profiling to gain a better understanding about the differences in cold acclimation in young microspore (YM) stage wheat spikes of a chilling-tolerant (Young, Yng) and a chilling-sensitive (Wyalkatchem, Wk) wheat variety. Gene expression studies were carried out for a longer-term (4-days) controlled environment cyclic chilling treatment (21 °C day/−3 °C night). The accompanying paper addresses the short-term response to chilling using the same treatment cycle (4 h and 12 h), enabling us to compare the regulatory and cold acclimation responses. We used Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to objectively identify processes that differ in the chilling response of both wheat lines. The transcriptome analysis reveals significant quantitative and qualitative differences between the two wheat lines. Most notable are differences in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and cuticular wax deposition. Several genes involved in auxin metabolism and signalling were enriched in chilling-tolerant Yng compared to Wk, including genes of the Small Auxin Up-Regulated (SAUR) gene family. The results indicate that the chilling tolerant and sensitive wheat varieties differ significantly in their adaption of lipid metabolism and cuticular wax deposition to chilling temperatures. This suggests that controlling membrane fluidity and permeability of the cell wall play a crucial role in controlling chilling tolerance. The results also indicate that auxin metabolism and signalling differentiate the chilling tolerant and sensitive wheat lines, suggesting that this hormone may play an important role in establishing chilling tolerance.

Abstract P3060: Circulating Gut Microbial Peptides Exacerbate Cardiac Dysfunction In IL10KO Mice Following Transaortic Constriction

Background: Heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. Recently, impaired intestinal permeability is known to augment cardiac dysfunction. Though, the cardioprotective role of IL10 is well known, its role in reducing gut dysbiosis and maintaining intestinal permeability during hypertrophic heart failure is not known. We hypothesized that IL10 maintains intestinal permeability and inhibits the release of gut microbial peptides (GMPs) which ultimately improves cardiac function. Methods: WT &amp; IL10KO mice were subjected to TAC or sham surgery. Heart and intestine were collected to evaluate inflammation genes expression, immune cell infiltration (flow cytometry), and intestinal permeability (WB and immunohistochemistry). Blood was collected to quantify peptidoglycan (PGN) and other bacterial metabolites (TMAO) levels. The effect of PGN on mitochondrial functions was evaluated in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Results: Cardiac functions were significantly reduced in IL10KO mice following TAC. IL10 KO mice showed exacerbated inflammation (IL1β, IL6 and TNFα genes expression) following TAC. TAC induced leukocytes (monocyte/macrophage, T-cell and neutrophils) recruitments in the intestine in IL10KO mice. TAC mice showed gut dysbiosis (16S rRNA sequencing) in IL10KO mice. Further, IL10KO mice exhibited higher intestinal permeability as shown by increase in PV1 level and reduction in zonulin-1 (ZO-1) protein. Plasma PGN level was significantly increased in IL10KO mice following TAC. Pathway-based cardiotoxicity array showed a significant increase in uncoupler protein 2 (UCP2) and phospholamban (PLN; a calcium handling protein) genes expression in cardiomyocytes following PGN treatment. Finally, IL10 treatment restores PGN-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRE assay) in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Taken together, data suggest that IL-10 helps to maintain gut wall permeability and reduced gut microbial peptide circulation to the heart and thus improves cardiac function by improving mitochondrial function. Ongoing investigations using molecular approaches will provide a better understanding of gut-heart signaling and its impact on the progress of heart failure.

Coupling Mechanism of Coal Body Stress–Seepage around a Water Injection Borehole

In China, coal seam water injection technology is widely used in the prevention and control of mine gas and dust disasters. The evolution law of stress–seepage field in the range of hydraulic influence in the process of coal seam water injection is the most basic theoretical problem in coal seam water injection technology. Therefore, this paper first uses the radial seepage experimental system to test the permeability of raw coal samples, and then numerically inverts the stress–seepage evolution law of the coal body around the water injection hole. The results show that the coal seam permeability decreases exponentially with the increase in the experimental overburden pressure. The dynamic water intrusion causes the pressure relief area and the stress concentration area to transfer to the deep part of the coal body, and abnormal stress occurs near the water injection hole wall. The composite stress area formed by the superposition of stress and pore water pressure reduces the permeability of the hole wall. During the radial development of water injection, the pore water pressure dropped sharply and eventually tended to zero, while Darcy’s velocity decreased significantly (within the pressure relief zone, it rapidly decreased from 7.26 × 10−3 m s−1 to 2.5 × 10−3 m s−1 (by 65.56%)). Near the initiation point, the maximum step-down height of Darcy’s velocity decreased from 6.73 × 10−3 m s−1 to 5.27 × 10−3 m s−1 (by 22.73%). This can make it clear that the seepage velocity presents a non-Darcy seepage phenomenon under the influence of pore pressure.

Flow cytometric resolution of yeast is affected by enzymatic treatment and culture media.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important model organism and a typical fungal representative for studies of eukaryotes. The cell cycle of yeast can be analyzed by flow cytometry, and refining the cytometric resolution of the cell cycle with this technique is important. Such refinement is potentially influenced by multiple factors, including enzymatic treatment and variations in the culture media used, although this has been subject to only limited investigation. Here, we examined the effect of different enzymatic pre‐treatments and various media on cytometric resolution. We show that cytometric resolution is significantly altered by both enzymatic conditions and the media used. Culture media with different amino nitrogen concentrations potentially impact the protein content in the yeast cell wall, which may affect the permeability of the cell wall and alter cytometric resolution. The present study provides beneficial technical information about the influence of media and enzymes on the cytometric resolution of the yeast cell cycle and most likely other fungi, which should be considered in future research.

Entropy Generation of Electrothermal Nanofluid Flow Between Two Permeable Walls Under Injection Process

This paper aims to study the electroosmotic nanofluid flow and heat transfer phenomena in a microchannel with porous walls by paying due attention to the interaction of the injected fluid velocity and the net charge density in the base fluid on the development of zeta potential and electroosmotic slip velocity. The novelty of this study is to obtain the integral expression for electroosmotic slip velocity which is found to converge to Smoluchowski velocity when the injected fluid velocity is low and porous permeability of channel wall becomes negligible. Under a weak electric field condition, the enhancement of pressure gradient is found to increase the normalized temperature and decrease the normalized nanoparticle concentration. The bulk nanofluid temperature is found to follow an almost quadratic relationship with applied pressure gradient. Additionally, in the absence of injection velocity, we observed a new expression for Soret number as a ratio of the cross sectional nanoparticle concentration to Joule heating parameter. Finally, a comparative study on the total entropy generation is carried out to minimize the loss of thermal energy due to irreversible physical mechanisms such as heat transfer, viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects that take place during the fluid flow process in a microchannel. It is thereby observed that the total entropy generation follows a quadratic relation with the Joule heating parameter in the absence of both injection and viscous dissipation. The increment in diffusive Reynolds number reduces EDL thickness near the upper channel bed. With an increment in the applied pressure gradient, the normalized temperature increases whereas the normalized nanoparticle concentration reduces.

Modelling and simulation of borehole seismoelectric response with an impermeable wall.

In this paper, we construct a borehole model with an impermeable/permeable wall and study the seismoelectric responses. First, we define the boundary conditions at the borehole wall, then the acoustic field and electric field are simulated by the real axis integral method. In order to have a comprehensive analysis of the body wave components, we use the secant integral method to simulate the body waves and give the excitation intensity spectrum in the frequency domain. The results show that the impermeability of the borehole wall significantly increases the amplitude of the acoustic field generated by Stoneley waves. This is because the closed pores at the boundary make Stoneley waves energy leak more slowly and hence attenuating less. The impermeable borehole wall weakens the electromagnetic interface response. Besides, both P wave and S wave and their accompanying electric field properties are affected by boundary connectivity. This investigation provides a theoretical basis for qualitatively judging borehole wall permeability by the seismoelectric signals.

Terraced Landscapes as NBSs for Geo-Hydrological Hazard Mitigation: Towards a Methodology for Debris and Soil Volume Estimations through a LiDAR Survey

Terraced landscapes are widely applied in many mountainous regions around the world as a result of the necessity to practice subsistence agriculture. Hence, they can be regarded as one of the most diffused anthropogenic modifications of the Earth’s surface. Different techniques have been used for their implementation leading to the artificial immobilization of debris and soil along the slopes whose surface is interrupted by a sequence of sub-horizontal and sub-vertical areas often using stone walls. In some areas of the world, such interventions are thousands of years old and their resistance to the degradation caused by the morphogenetic system can be attributed to the permeability of the stone walls as well as to their regular maintenance. In some other areas, the lack of maintenance has been the main cause for degradation processes ending with their collapse. The effects of climate change manifested through higher intensities and higher frequencies of rainfall are likely to accelerate the degradation process further by causing terraces to act as a source of debris or hyperconcentrated flow. This will in turn increase the severity of geo-hydrological hazards. The measures concerning reduction of geo-hydrological hazards are sought through identification of abandoned terraces and assessment of the potential for their sudden collapse. The present paper describes a framework for identification of abandoned terraces and estimation of the potential volume of shallow landslides that can be generated. The research conducted aims to advance the existing hazard assessment practices by combining numerical modeling with processing of high-resolution LiDAR data. A new algorithm is developed to support localization of terraces. The catchment scale approach applied to eight smaller catchments enables estimation of the total volume of soil and debris trapped along the slopes. It also generated some important quantitative data which will be used in the future risk assessment work. The work has been carried out within the EU-funded H2020 project RECONECT.

Modulatory Effect of Diosmin and Diosmetin on Metalloproteinase Activity and Inflammatory Mediators in Human Skin Fibroblasts Treated with Lipopolysaccharide.

Diosmin is widely used as a venoactive drug in the pharmacological treatment of chronic venous disorders. It exerts a strong protective effect on blood vessels via an increase in the elasticity of vessel walls and reduces the permeability of capillary walls, thereby producing an anti-edematous effect. In this paper, we investigated the effectiveness of diosmin and diosmetin in modulating the level of proinflammatory factors in human skin fibroblasts treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Two variants of the experiments were performed: the flavonoid was added 2 h prior to or 24 h after LPS stimulation. Our study revealed that both flavonoids reduced the levels of IL-6 and Il-1β as well as COX-2 and PGE2 but had no impact on IL-10. However, the addition of the compounds prior to the LPS addition was more effective. Moreover, diosmetin modulated the proinflammatory factors more strongly than diosmin. Our investigations also showed that both flavonoids were potent inhibitors of elastase and collagenase activity, and no differences between the glycoside and aglycone forms were observed.

Numerical evaluation of a 70-m deep hydropower station foundation pit dewatering

The foundation pit of Yamansu hydropower station has an average depth of 70 m and has been excavated with five-level slopes. Lowering of groundwater level is important in excavation. In this study, drainage and pumping were conducted in dewatering. Pumping tests were performed to reverse hydraulic parameters and calibrate numerical models. Numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the dewatering scheme. In the first stage, powerhouse tailrace canal was excavated and used as a drainage channel to lower the groundwater level. Drawdown and hydraulic gradient were evaluated to prevent potential water inrush, erosion, piping, and slope failure. In the second stage, cutoff wall and pumping wells were evaluated to reduce the groundwater level. The influences of depth, permeability, and thickness of the cutoff wall were evaluated. Dewatering scheme was revised accordingly based on the evaluation. The optimized dewatering scheme, which can be used as a reference in similar engineering projects, was performed and verified successfully.

Corrigendum to “Numerical simulation of the transport of nanoparticles as drug carriers in hydromagnetic blood flow through a diseased artery with vessel wall permeability and rheological effects” [Microvascular Res. 139 (2022) 104241

Corrigendum to “Numerical simulation of the transport of nanoparticles as drug carriers in hydromagnetic blood flow through a diseased artery with vessel wall permeability and rheological effects” [Microvascular Res. 139 (2022) 104241

Pathophysiology of Blood Vein Thrombotitis Hemostasis Disorders

Annotation: Primary or vascular platelet hemostasis disorders include thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy, and vasopathy. Hemorrhages are characteristic of the clinic of these diseases, with the appearance of hemorrhagic rashes on the skin as a result of increased permeability of the capillary wall, bleeding from the nose, metro and menorrhagia, resulting in the development of severe posthemorrhagic anemia. Hemorrhagic diathesis in this group and includes many nosologies acquired over a lifetime. Almost all disorders lead to life-threatening hemorrhages

Interstitial Cystitis-Critical Assessment of Current Treatment and Opportunities for Nanodelivery

Abstract: The characteristic feature of Interstitial cystitis (IC) or bladder pain syndrome is augmented, pressure, or inconvenience in the suprapubic or bladder region. The causative factors for IC are not completely understood however certain underlying disease condition may trigger the pain. The therapy is aimed to provide symptomatic relief, and therefore, the treatment protocols have been established based on experience. Intravesical delivery of drugs has been well explored and found to be most effective in minimizing the symptoms of IC without systemic adverse events. However, the efficacy of drug absorption is limited by the bladder wall permeability and poor absorption of the instilled drugs. The intravesical approach should be coupled with novel nanocarriers such as nanoparticles or liposomes to overcome these limitations. Nanoparticles can easily cross the bladder permeability barrier and enhance the drug retention time in the bladder, making the delivery efficient and promising. This review addresses the current IC management strategies, new potential therapeutic agents of natural origin, and various drugs undergoing clinical trials by different routes of administration. Keywords: IC, Bladder pain syndrome, Bladder permeability barrier, Intravesical delivery, Nanotherapeutics.

Interaction of gravitational waves with permeable breakwater

A method for calculating the parameters of gravitational waves that interact with vertical permeable breakwaters, based on potential theory, has been developed and presented. The wave motion of a fluid was described by the velocity potential that satisfies the Laplace equation. The shape of the wave surface and the components of the velocity vector were determined. Numerical analysis of the influence of permeability of the vertical wall on wave energy adsorption was carried out. The propagation of surface gravitational waves in the linear formulation of problems in a channel with a vertical permeable obstacle was analyzed. The dependence of the wave reflection coefficient as a function of the wave transmission coefficient in accordance with the law of energy conservation was given. Experimental studies have been conducted to determine the features of the hydrodynamic interaction of sea waves and coastal protection structures of the permeable type. The experiments were performed in the laboratory in a wave channel with models of vertical slotted walls of different permeability. Visual and instrumental studies have shown the features of the interaction of the wave field with permeable breakwaters, the formation of reflection and transmission waves through the breakwater. It is established that vertical slotted walls, depending on the permeability, significantly affect the wave field, generate reflected waves and waves passing through the breakwater, as well as lead to a significant dissipation of wave energy. The dependences of the reflection and transmission coefficients of the wave, as well as the dissipation coefficient of the wave energy depending on the permeability of the slotted breakwater and the relative depth of the water area were given. It is shown that with increasing permeability of the breakwater the wave reflection coefficient decreased, and the wave transmission coefficient on the contrary increased. It was found that the reflection coefficient of the wave was increased with increasing relative depth, and the coefficient of wave propagation was decreased. The dissipation coefficient of the wave energy had the maximum value, which was observed for greater permeability of the breakwater, when the relative depth compared to the wavelength was increased.