Permanent Position Research Articles

P5.07: Impact of the Liver Transplant Pharmacy (LTP) At the Center For Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery (CLTHPS) in Educating Our Transplanted Patients in Costa Rica. A Comparison of Benefits to a Traditional Model Pharmacy

Introduction: The social security in Costa Rica has institutional pharmacies with traditional models supporting transplant programs (not fully dedicated to this matter). The LTP at the CLTHPS represents a unique and innovative model of care for transplant patients. The LTP has specialized workers who dedicate all their time to attend the liver transplanted population, those who are in the waiting list and also, the patients who have had any hepatobiliary surgery, encompassing a comprehensive attention from the admission until hospital discharge, as well as outpatients. Part of our success has been an active education program and a personalized pharmacy for the particular needs of each patient. The LTP guarantees an open and permanent communication between the patient and the pharmacist, who has a permanent position in the LTP, allowing her to know globally every patient, their medications, lifestyles, nutritional issues, etc. In this way, the pharmacist identifies the needs of each patient, and works hand in hand with each patient in a multi-step approach of education, including: medicament education and dispensations, resolution of doubts about dosage, interactions and side effects and informative material, etc. Methods: We want to compare the impact of our educational program at the LTP with the counterpart made in a traditional model pharmacy (TMP) for a whole year. We have our monthly indicators in which we register all the production we made, including the educational part, as well as the amount of medication refunded by non-withdrawal. All institutional pharmacies measure the monthly production and that data is accessible, for further comparative analyze of information between our LTP and a TMP. The closer TMP to the LTP is the Hospital Mexico´s Pharmacy, so we’ll work with its yearly production. Results: What we expect to find is that the LTP has a stronger impact in educative benefit for our patients, according to the quantity of attended patients, based in the quantity of non-withdrawal prescriptions and reduction of misinformation using the prescribed medication. Conclusions: Our LTP, with a define attention program, not only helps our patients with a personalized education to have a better comprehension of their medication, but also makes the non-withdrawal prescriptions to maintain in low rates.

Co-relation study in analyzing and reviewing employees’ performance based on 1800, BARS and weighted average method

Purpose of the study: This study aims to find the need of performance evaluation by assessing probationer’s attitude for performance improvement and correlation between self-scores and evaluator scores. Background: Performance appraisal is a formal assessment tool to regularly review employee’s job performance and overall contribution to the organization. It is a key aspect of the talent management for a hospital to retain its best talent and provide quality care to its patients. A study conducted mix of performance appraisal methods to recognize the best skills of the probationers and holistic view in making best decisions. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted in the form of questionnaire (i.e., performance evaluation form). Appropriate methods for preparing the evaluation were identified to cover all the aspects of the Probationers’ skills. 46 probationers were identified from 13 departments. Findings were generated with the help of statistical tools such as Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation and MS Excel. Findings& Suggestions: 24 out of 46 participants were designated with permanent position and remaining was given Performance Improvement Plan and next review will be taken for them after 6 months. Also, the moderately positive relation was found between self-scores and evaluators scores.

Stretching the Occupation: How Minority Employees Reconfigure Competencies, Tasks and Networks

Occupational members have a well-known tendency to integrate candidates with similar educational and cultural background, thus playing a role in the reproduction of inequality. Even when employees from minority backgrounds are hired, their career outcomes are poorer than those of more privileged employees. It is thus crucial to better understand how employees from less privileged backgrounds can be better integrated within occupations. In this paper, we draw on a longitudinal qualitative study of the integration of employees within the different occupations of a large media group. We compared the candidates who were offered a permanent position and those who were not to unpack the practices that allowed for more successful integration. While all apprentices enacted multiple practical strategies to facilitate their integration, employees that extended the occupations’ work domain by adding new tasks and competencies were more likely to be recruited into permanent positions. We highlight boundary conditions and offer theoretical implications for research on diversity and integration in the workplace.

Why do firms use fixed-term contracts?

In this article we look at how one specific form of temporary employment - employment with fixed-term contracts - fits into employers’ hiring policies. We find that human capital variables, measured at the levels of the worker and the workplace, are important determinants of the employers’ decisions to hire with temporary contracts and to promote temporary workers to permanent positions. Those employers that hire more with temporary contracts are also those that are more likely to offer a permanent position to their newly-hired temporary employees. Our results indicate that fixed-term contracts are a mechanism for screening workers for permanent positions.

Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal Among Public School Teachers: A Narrative Inquiry

This study explores the effectiveness of performance appraisal among public school teachers of Kathmandu valley. Two head teachers and two permanent teachers of two public schools in Kathmandu valley were purposively interviewed to elicit in-depth information. Narrative inquiry was adopted to explore the participants' lived experiences about dimensions of performance appraisal. Herzberg’s two-factor theory was adopted to overview the effectiveness of teachers’ appraisal. This research revealed that performance appraisal was an annual process in public schools. However, the intention did not meet the expectations. Rather than being a regular process, the annual process was simply like a formality where the teachers were expected to submit one of their best works and get eligible for promotion rather than being provided with a detailed evaluative review of their continuous practice. Rather than involving the feedback from different members of the organisation, only one person got involved in the process, who usually got nervous about it for being blamed for being biased and, thus, provided positive grades only by hesitating to be critical. Teachers took this process as a burden and were not usually involved in it after securing their permanent position in the schools. Meanwhile, the temporary teachers were never made a part of the process. This study concludes that performance appraisal is seen as no more than providing secret feedback without a proper rubric as a mere formality.

Information and Communication Technology Coordinators’ Competence in Public Elementary Schools

This study aimed to determine the level of competence of Information Communication Technology Coordinators in Elementary Schools of Ramon District, Isabela during the School Year 2019-2020. This study used descriptive method of research, employing the questionnaire checklist in gathering data. This method was adopted since the study aimed to find the level of competence of ICT coordinators. Mean was used to determine the level of competence of the ICT Coordinators. Results of the study shows that the respondents have an overall high level of competence on competencies related to technical operations and concepts, and productivity of various ICT tools. The respondents have an overall high level of competence on the standard 2. This implies that the ICT coordinators assumed they were highly skilled in using appropriate office and teaching productivity tools. Moreover, the respondents have an overall high level of competence related to social, ethical, legal and human issues, and community linkage, which means that the ICT coordinators acknowledge they were highly skilled in recognizing and practicing ethical use of technology in both personal and professional level. To effectively assess the level of competence of ICT coordinators, their roles, duties, and functions must be properly defined based on their job description in the Position Description form that every permanent government official obtained upon appointment for a permanent position. Therefore, the position ICT Coordinators should not remain as designation, but, should be included in the Plantilla of Personnel as a new regular item position. The findings of this study may be best translated through the conduct of trainings and seminars to update the ICT Coordinators with new trends and techniques in teaching. Likewise, the Department of Education may craft a policy to clearly define the roles and functions of ICT Coordinators in schools.

Lockdown fatigue, personal resilience and coping appraisal of faculty in a state university

Many countries' lockdown measures have been effective in halting the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but there is rising worry about their negative effects on overall health and well-being, particularly among lecturer in the academe. This study aimed to assess the lockdown fatigue, personal resilience and coping appraisal involving 100 lecturers in Quirino State University-Diffun Campus. Four-likert scale questionnaires were adapted and used to gather data including the lockdown fatigue scale (LFS), brief resilience scale (BRS), and coping appraisal. Findings reveal that majority of the respondents are female, 31-40 years old, married, with an on-going Master’s Degree, with a permanent position in the university. The most prominent symptoms of fatigue, according to the respondents in this study, were worry, sadness, depression, tiredness or physical depletion, and anxiety. As to the personal resilience of lecturer, according to the findings, it is difficult for them to react quickly when anything negative occurs. As a result, efforts to reduce lockdown fatigue among lecturer must focus on developing their coping abilities, which will improve their mental and psychological well-being as well as their general health. A positive psychological intervention or program may be implemented to mitigate the negative effect brought by community lockdown.

Moving the Needle: Uncovering the Engagement and Mentoring Needs of Contingent Faculty

In an extensive study of part-time academic faculty, Gappa and Leslie ( The Invisible Faculty: Improving the Status of Part-Timers in Higher Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1993) developed a typology consisting of four employment profiles based primarily on academic background, employment history, and career motivations: career-enders, specialists/experts/professionals, aspiring academics, and freelancers. Using a survey research design, the authors sought to determine whether the categories developed by Gappa and Leslie held in recent times and whether there were statistical differences in contingent faculty members’ desired mentoring functions and work engagement based on employment profile. As the current study included both full-time and part-time contingent faculty, the results of a thematic analysis produced a fifth employment profile, true teachers. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was run to identify differences in desired mentoring functions and work engagement among employment profile groups while controlling for employment status, years teaching, and history of mentorship. Aspiring academics were the largest employment profile group, representing one-third of all respondents. This finding supported an earlier study that indicated a disproportionately large segment of contingent faculty desiring a permanent position in academia. The results of the multivariate analyses revealed that aspiring academics and career-enders had a significantly higher need for career-related mentoring than other groups. Furthermore, career-enders and specialists reported the highest levels of engagement, while aspiring academics reported the lowest levels of engagement. These findings indicate a need for attending to the career development needs of a large segment of contingent faculty in higher education.

A co-relation study in analyzing and reviewing employees’ performance based on 1800, BARS and weighted average method

This study aims to find the need of performance evaluation by assessing probationer’s attitude for performance improvement and correlation between self-scores and evaluator scores. Performance appraisal is a formal assessment tool to regularly review employee’s job performance and overall contribution to the organization. It is a key aspect of the talent management for a hospital to retain its best talent and provide quality care to its patients. A study conducted mix of performance appraisal methods to recognize the best skills of the probationers and holistic view in making best decisions. The study was conducted in the form of questionnaire (i.e., performance evaluation form). Appropriate methods for preparing the evaluation were identified to cover all the aspects of the Probationers’ skills. 46 probationers were identified from 13 departments. Findings were generated with the help of statistical tools such as Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation and MS Excel. 24 out of 46 participants were designated with permanent position and remaining was given Performance Improvement Plan and next review will be taken for them after 6 months. Also, the moderately positive relation was found between self-scores and evaluators scores. The correlation exists but not a perfect correlation.

Recreating Financial Literacy of Private Secondary School Teachers

The study examined the personal financial activities of private secondary school teachers in selected municipalities of the 4th congressional district of Quezon in the Philippines. A descriptive quantitative research design, cluster sampling, and a researcher-made survey questionnaire collected online were all used in the study. Data focused on the financial knowledge, financial behavior, and financial attitude of the respondents. It employed both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The theories of human capital, self-efficacy, goal-setting, and the financial literacy modelled this study. The majority of respondents are female-married, young professionals teaching either English or Social Sciences holding a permanent position as Teacher I with less than five years of service. An increase in saving found an association in the field of specialization. A weak positive association exists between basic good financial practices and the building of financial safety nets. Data from a survey showed that significant number of respondents are vulnerable to financial distress. Moderation of financial practices and literacy is an indication of poor financial management. Data attest the need to take steps and intervene through financial training and education to recreate the existing method of treating resources.

Necrology for Professor Fiona Tolhurst (1968–2021)

Necrology for Professor Fiona Tolhurst (1968–2021) K.S. Whetter Click for larger view View full resolution Fiona Tolhurst, bottom right; Evelyn Meyer, back to the camera; Molly Martin and Richard Sévère, top right; Barney Haney, top left; Joseph M. Sullivan, middle left; K.S. Whetter, bottom left: at the IAS conference at Würzburg University, 2017. Photo courtesy of David F. Johnson. Dr. Fiona Tolhurst died unexpectedly on 21 December 2021; she was 53. The death of a good friend or respected teacher or fine scholar is always hard, and Fiona was all of these things—and was these things to an extraordinarily wide range of people. But Fiona's death has hit many of us especially hard for coming when it did: in the midst of an ongoing global pandemic that complicates or negates conference travel, many Arthurians have been looking forward with more than usual enthusiasm to the days when we can all see one another again at a Branch meeting or Kalamazoo conference or the International Arthurian Congress. Suddenly, there is a conspicuous [End Page 3] absence in our Arthurian fellowship, an absence that echoes and enforces the poignant lament for lost fellowship spoken by Malory's King Arthur: 'nevyr shall I se you agayne holé togydirs!' Fiona Tolhurst pursued her undergraduate English literature degree at Rice University, graduating Magna cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa (1990); it was also at Rice that Fiona met her life-long love and husband, Christoph Neuendorf. From Rice, Fiona proceeded to a Mellon Fellowship and Princeton for her graduate training (earning her M.A. in 1994 and Ph.D. in 1995), eventually pursuing a Ph.D. thesis under the direction of the noted medievalist and Chaucerian John Fleming on what Fleming initially jokingly referred to as 'the trash literature of the Middle Ages': Arthurian literature. (Fleming's remark encapsulates what was, for much of the twentieth century, the dominant scholarly attitude towards romance and Arthurian literature, but Fleming was very supportive of Fiona and they worked well together.) After her Ph.D., Dr. Tolhurst worked one year at Texas A&M before taking up a tenure-track position at Alfred University, becoming one of the youngest female faculty members to achieve Full Professor. Fed up with American politics, Fiona and Christoph leapt at the chance to move to Switzerland for several years, where he worked in finance and she taught and continued her scholarship. When Christoph and Fiona returned to North America, Fiona secured a permanent position at Florida Gulf Coast University, where she was recently promoted (for the second time in her career) to Full Professor. At the time of her death, Fiona was Chair of the Department of Language and Literature at Florida Gulf Coast University. As a scholar, Fiona had many interests and published widely. She was a recognized authority on Geoffrey of Monmouth, particularly feminist approaches to Geoffrey, a topic on which she wrote numerous articles and book chapters as well as two monographs (see especially the commissioned chapter on 'Geoffrey and Gender: The Works of Geoffrey of Monmouth as Medieval "Feminism,"' in A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth, edited by Georgia Henley and Joshua Byron Smith [Brill, 2020], pp. 341–68; Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Translation of Female Kingship [Palgrave Macmillan, 2013]; and Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Feminist Origins of the Arthurian Legend [Palgrave Macmillan, 2012]). She also edited an important special collection of Arthuriana (8.4 [1998]) devoted to theoretical approaches to Geoffrey, a collection that she put together remarkably early in her career. She then co-edited a book of essays in memory of Maureen Fries (On Arthurian Women: Essays in Memory of Maureen Fries, edited by Bonnie Wheeler and Fiona Tolhurst [Scriptorium Press, 2001]), and also published articles emphasizing the extent of C.S. Lewis' Arthurian interests (including 'Beyond the Wardrobe: C.S. Lewis as Closet Arthurian,' Arthuriana 22. 4 [2012]: 140–66). Throughout her career she also consistently worked on medieval women, particularly [End Page 4] Eleanor of Aquitaine (including 'Catty Queen Consort, Lioness in Winter and Loyal Queen Mother: Images of Eleanor of Aquitaine in Film', in Medieval Women on Film: Essays on Gender, Cinema...

“Soft Shorts” Hidden in Zinc Metal Anode Research

Qing Li is currently a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at City University of Hong Kong, under the supervision of Professor Chunyi Zhi. Her current research mainly focuses on advanced flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries and the design of advanced metallic anode. Qing obtained her bachelor's degree in engineering from Central South University in 2014 and received her dual master's degree in engineering from Tsinghua University and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2017. She has worked in the battery industry from 2017 to 2019 before joining Prof. Zhi's group. Ao Chen is currently a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at City University of Hong Kong, under the supervision of Professor Chunyi Zhi. His research mainly focuses on flexible lithium-ion batteries, high-voltage zinc batteries, and lithium–sulfur batteries. Donghong Wang is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering under the supervision of Prof. Chunyi Zhi. She received her PhD and master's degree from City University of Hong Kong and University of Science and Technology of China, respectively. Her research mainly focuses on high-performance aqueous multivalence batteries and flexible aqueous multivalence battery devices. Zengxia Pei received his Ph.D. from City University of Hong Kong in 2017. He currently works as an Australian Research Council DECRA Fellow at the University of Sydney. His research focuses on the design and development of nanomaterials for sustainable energy conversion and storage in fields including aqueous batteries/capacitors, electrocatalysis, and functional polyelectrolytes. He was recognized as one of the Australian Research Top Rising Stars in 2019-2021, a JMCA Emerging Investigator in 2021, and a Clarivate Analytics Highly Cited Researcher (cross-field) in 2020 and 2021. Chunyi Zhi obtained B.S. degree in Physics at Shandong University and Ph.D. degree in condensed matter physics at Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. After two years' postdoc at National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) in Japan, he was promoted to be ICYS researcher, researcher (faculty) and senior researcher (permanent position) in NIMS. Dr. Zhi is now a professor in MSE, City University of Hong Kong. Dr. Zhi has extensive experiences in flexible energy storage, aqueous electrolyte batteries, and zinc ion batteries. He has published more than 400 papers and been granted more than 80 patents.

Uplatnitelnost na trhu práce v oblasti klasické hudby : Koresponduje vzdělávání v ČR v oboru s pracovním trhem?

The study revisits and interprets the basic available information concerning the relationship between art education and the labour market in classical music in the Czech Republic in the context of the European Union (EU). It adds the results of a survey of conservatory graduates and their most frequent employers of orchestras and elementary art schools within the research plan of the Arts Institute. Graduates were asked about further professional orientation in two rounds in 2019 and 2021. The survey of the most frequent employers in 2019 covered the period of three last years. A questionnaire asked about the number of hired employees in three categories 1) up to 25 years of conservatory graduates, 2) up to 30 years of university graduates, 3) over 30 years, the state of supply and demand, scale and verbalized evaluation of the level of readiness of adepts in the theoretical, practical-artistic, socio-psychological and organizational. The questionnaire also included an evaluation of the types of motivation of adepts to choose an employer (permanent position, interesting work, salary, team work). The survey proved the high importance of the Basic Art School's network for employment (the basis of social security) of artists in the Czech Republic and the relative decline in graduates' interest in places in orchestras. At the end of the study, the trend of the labour market is recapitulated with the expected demands on future artists and employers as well as the relatively low readiness of graduates for independent artistic work.

Frederick Tschopp, Landscape Architect, OE in New Zealand 1929-32

Frederick Tschopp was a naturalised American of Swiss birth who had trained as a horticulturalist specialising in landscape architecture. He and his wife arrived in Auckland in September 1929 and he soon found work with some of the local bodies there. Works and Development in Wellington later employed him in designing gardens for several important government properties. This was not a permanent position however and about July 1931 he moved to Rotorua with a major contract to beautify the city, including extensive street plantings and an upgrade of the lake shore. Most of this work was well-received but there were some dissenting voices. The contract was terminated in November 1932, but with several goodwill gestures. While in Rotorua, Frederick had visited both Hamilton and Tauranga, commenting on landscape design aspects. The family (now with the addition of a son) left New Zealand for home in Los Angeles in late November 1932. Frederick had a subsequent career with the Department of Water in California and died at Laguna Hills, Orange, California in February 1980.The reasons for Tschopp's visit to New Zealand can be interpreted in two ways. Clearly the newspapers regarded him as an overseas expert with a talent for landscape design, still a fairly new concept in the country in the late 1920s. He undoubtedly stood out as an American with drive and initiative. But he was only 24 when he first arrived, and his motives may well have been to gain overseas experience (OE) to help his chances of obtaining a lucrative job on his return to America. One paper described him as being in the course of a world tour but there is no conclusive evidence for him having spent long in other countries at this time.

Estimated Position Error Compensation Method Considering Impact of Speed and Load in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Position Sensorless Control Based on High-Frequency Voltage Injection

Estimated Position Error Compensation Method Considering Impact of Speed and Load in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Position Sensorless Control Based on High-Frequency Voltage Injection

Ferrohydrodynamic and Magnetohydrodynamic Effects on Jet Flow and Heat Transfer of Fe3O4-H2O Nanofluid in a Microchannel Subjected to Permanent Magnets

In the present study, the two-dimensional jet flow of Fe3O4-H2O nanofluid was numerically investigated in a microchannel. The main objective of this article was to study the impact of permanent magnets on both ferromagnetic hydrodynamic and thermal behavior. A ferromagnetic hydrodynamic model, which includes the Brown effect and thermophoretic effect, was applied to simulate the problem through solving momentum, energy, and volume fraction equations. In this regard, different results, including the velocity vector, temperature distribution, and Nusselt number, were analyzed. Moreover, the influence of Kelvin force, inlet opening, permanent magnets position, and Reynolds number were studied on the jet flow and heat transfer. The obtained results demonstrate these factors significantly affect the jet flow and heat transfer of Fe3O4-H2O nanofluid in the microchannel. Moreover, it was found that the magnetic field originating from permanent magnets can effectively solve the problem of local high temperature on the wall at low inlet opening. The heat transfer gain was the most obvious when the position of the permanent magnet was close to the microchannel entrance. When inlet opening and permanent magnets position are 1/4 and 1, respectively, the heat transfer gain was largest, reaching 35.2%.

Transitions in development – an interview with Marie Monniaux

Marie Monniaux is a permanent CNRS researcher in the ‘Evo-devo of the flower’ group at the Laboratory for Plant Reproduction and Development (RDP) at the École normale supérieure (ENS) in Lyon, France. Marie uses Petunia to understand the development and evolution of the flower petal. We met Marie over Teams for a virtual chat about her career path, finding a permanent position and her ideas for the future.

The pursuit of a dream, Francisco Javier Sayas and the HDG methods

Franciso Javier Sayas, man of grit and determination, left his hometown of Zaragoza in 2007 in pursuit of a dream, to become a scholar in the USA. I hosted him in Minneapolis, where he spent three long years of an arduous transition before obtaining a permanent position at the University of Delaware. There, he enthusiastically worked on the unfolding of his dream until his life was tragically cut short by cancer, at only 50. In this paper, I try to bring to light the part of his academic life he shared with me. As we both worked on hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods, and he wrote a book on the subject, I will tell Javier’s life as it developed around this topic. First, I will show how the ideas of static condensation and hybridization, proposed back in the mid 60s, lead to the introduction of those methods. This background material will allow me to tell the story of the evolution of the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods and describe Javier’s participation in it. Javier faced death with open eyes and poised dignity. I will end with a poem he liked.

Graft Materials and Canine Vertical Position Associated with Alveolar Bone Graft Outcomes Assessed by 3D Cone Beam CT

The introduction of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) into the alveolar bone grafting protocol now allows surgeons to look at pre- and postoperative bony structures to determine surgical success. Until recently, pre- and postoperative assessment have been determined by 2-dimensional (2D) periapical and panoramic radiographs. CBCTs can now be used to volumetrically assess defects. Yet to date, no scale has been standardized to classify alveolar bone grafting levels postoperatively to determine the success of the procedure. This study aims to analyze pre- and postoperative cone bean CBCT scans to determine if variables such as cleft size, canine position, and bone grafting material can help predict surgical outcomes. A total of 79 patients (average 10.4 years) with non-syndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate had been treated with ABG and bone morphogenetic protein-2 with demineralized bone matrix (BMP2/DBM) versus iliac crest bone (ICB) were compared. Preoperative CBCT scans (n = 27) were available to determine the cleft width. The postoperative CBCT was analyzed by the Bergland scale score. A novel method for categorizing canine eruption separated post-graft patients into 5 groups. The cleft width might be correlated with bone graft outcomes, but limited to the sample size, with no statistical significance (n = 27, R2 = 0.378, P > .05). In total, 21 (26.6%) patients have supernumerary or impacted teeth in the cleft, but not related to bone graft outcomes. There is no statistical difference between the 4 surgeons’ cleft repair. The 2D modalities traditionally used to interpret SABG results possess inherent limitations of structure overlapping and distortion of the relationship of anatomy. Since the advent of the CBCT, 3D volumetric analysis has largely accounted for these errors. Yet to date, no scale standardized to the CBCT has been developed to assess SABG results.The authors' results suggest that graft outcomes correlate with pre-graft canine positions. An unerupted, high permanent canine vertical position will yield poor results, likely due to previously documented growth-inhibiting scarring of soft tissue, and the ideal timing of SABG may be when two-thirds of the canine crown is located below the palatal plane with the adjacent premolars not fully erupted. This may be due to the optimal timing for the canine to complete its eruption into the grafting site to influence the maintenance of the graft and periodontal support of the adjacent teeth. In a patient with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, iliac crest bone graft tended to have better graft outcomes than BMP2/DBM in this sample. This may be attributed to BMP2/DBM's osteoconductive properties vs. ICB's osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties. There was no evidence that cleft width correlates with the grafting outcome. However, results were limited to sample size.

The Evolution of Social Behaviour

The Evolution of Social Behaviour