Peripheral Velocity Research Articles

Low Vitamin D Status Relates to the Poor Response of Peripheral Pulse Wave Velocity Following Acute Maximal Exercise in Healthy Young Men.

The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin D levels on peripheral pulse wave velocity (pPWV) following acute maximal exercise in healthy young adults. Fifty male healthy adults from National Chung Cheng University participated in the study. Participants were divided into the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) sufficiency group (n = 28, 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) and deficiency group (n = 22, 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L). The acute maximal exercise was performed using an incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Additionally, the pPWV and blood pressure were obtained at rest and 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 min after acute maximal exercise. The results show that 25(OH)D deficiency group had higher pPWV at post-exercise (5.34 ± 0.71 vs. 4.79 ± 0.81 m/s, p < 0.05), post-exercise 15 min (5.13 ± 0.53 vs. 4.48 ± 0.66 m/s, p < 0.05) and post-exercise 30 min (5.26 ± 0.84 vs. 4.78 ± 0.50 m/s, p < 0.05) than the sufficiency group. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse correlation between 25(OH)D levels and pPWV following acute maximal exercise. Our study demonstrated that low vitamin D status relates to the poor response of pPWV following maximal exercise in healthy young men. Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of incident cardiovascular events after acute exhaustive exercise, even in healthy and active adults.

Identification of Male-Specific Molecular Markers by Recombination of RhoGEF10 Gene in Spotted Knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus).

The spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus) is a marine economic fish with high ecological value, food value, and fishing value, and its growth has obvious sex dimorphism. The rapid identification of its sex is beneficial to the development of sex determination and breeding. In this study, the method of comparative genomics and PCR amplification was used to further establish a rapid detection method for the recombinant RhoGEF10 gene in O. punctatus, which can quickly, accurately, and efficiently identify the sex of the O. punctatus to be tested. The homologous comparison results of male and female individuals showed that the DNA fragment length of the RhoGEF10 gene on the X1 chromosome was 326 bp, and the DNA fragment length on the Y chromosome was 879 bp. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an insert fragment of 553 bp on the Y chromosome. PCR amplification results showed that the two DNA fragments of 879 bp and 326 bp were amplified in the Y chromosome and X1 chromosome of the male O. punctatus (X1X2Y), respectively, and the 879 bp fragment was a unique marker fragment of the recombinant RhoGEF10 gene; The female O. punctatus (X1X1X2X2) only a single DNA fragment of 326 bp was amplified. At the same time, the inserted fragment of the male individual resulted in partial inactivation of the RhoGEF10 protein, which in turn resulted in a slowing of peripheral nerve conduction velocity and thinning of the myelin sheath in male O. punctatus. The method shortens the time for accurate identification of the O. punctatus RhoGEF10 gene recombination and improves the detection efficiency. It is of great significance and application value in the research of nerve conduction and myelin development, male and female sex identification, the preparation of high male seedlings, and family selection based on the RhoGEF10 gene in the O. punctatus.

Pain-Related Vertex Evoked Potentials. Comparison of Surface Electrical to Heat Stimulation.

Demonstration of nociceptive fiber abnormality is important for diagnosing neuropathic pain and small fiber neuropathies. This is usually assessed by brief heat pulses using lasers, contact heat, or special electrodes. We hypothesized that pain-related evoked potentials to conventional surface electrical stimulation (PREPse) can index Aδ afferences despite tactile Aß fibers coactivation. PREPse may be more readily used clinically than contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPS). Twenty-eight healthy subjects. Vertex (Cz-A1/A2) recordings. Electrical stimulation of middle finger and second toe with conventional ring, and forearm/leg skin with cup, electrodes. Contact heat stimulation to forearm and leg. Compression ischemic nerve blockade. PREPse peripheral velocities were within the midrange of Aδ fibers. N1-P1 amplitude increased with pain numerical rating scale graded (0-10) electrical stimulation (n = 25) and decreased with increasing stimulation frequency. Amplitudes were unchanged by different presentation orders of four stimulation intensities. PREPse N1 (∼130 milliseconds) and N2 (∼345 milliseconds) peaks were approximately 40 milliseconds earlier than that with CHEPS. PREPse and CHEPS N1-N2 interpeak latency (∼207 milliseconds) were similar. PREPse became unrecordable with nerve blockade of Aδ fibers. PREPse earlier N1 and N2 peaks, and similar interpeak N1-N2 latencies and central conduction velocities, or synaptic delays, to CHEPS are consistent with direct stimulation of Aδ fibers. The relation of vertex PREPse amplitude and pain, or the differential effects of frequency stimulation, is similar to pain-related evoked potential to laser, special electrodes, or contact heat stimulation. The relationship to Aδ was validated by conduction velocity and nerve block. Clinical utility of PREPse compared with CHEPS needs validation in somatosensory pathways lesions.

Whole-Body Vibration Associated with Strength Training on the Lower-Limb Blood Flow and Mobility in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Vascular endothelium insults caused by high serum glucose levels affect the oxygen supply to tissues, via the microvascular endothelium, resulting in an increased perfusion heterogeneity. These insults may lead to the underuse of blood capillaries, while other vessels are overused and effectively overload their oxygen supply capacity, which eventually causes damages to distal parts of the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, the proprioceptive and exteroceptive feedback information will be gradually lost and contribute to a mobility reduction. This study aims to assess the efficacy of whole-body vibration (WBV) associated with strength training (ST) on lower-limb blood flow and mobility in older adults with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Methods and analyses: This is a protocol (1st version) for Pa single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial guided by the SPIRIT guidelines. Our sample will consist of 51 older adults with DM2 randomly allocated to three groups: low frequency WBV (16–26 Hz) associated to ST (G1), WBV sham (G2) and nonintervention control (G3). The study protocol is set for a 12-week (three times per week) schedule. Primary outcomes: skin temperature using infrared thermographic imaging (ITI); mean peripheral arterial blood flow velocity (MBF) by a handheld Doppler ultrasound (DU), and functional mobility by Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Secondary outcomes: quasi-static posture using the DX100 BTS Smart optoelectronic system, and plantar pressure and body balance using the MPS stabilometric platform. Data will be collected and analyzed at baseline and post-intervention, considering p-value < 0.05 level of significance. The analyses will also be conducted with an intention-to-treat method and effect size. Dissemination: All results will be published in peer-reviewed journals as well as presented in conferences.

Experimental Study on Direct Harvesting of Corn Kernels

The mechanical harvesting of corn has always been a problem for the development of the corn industry. In the present investigation, a tangential flow–transverse axial flow threshing test system was designed based on the 4YL-4/5 harvester. The structure design was modular, and the threshing drum and other key parts could be changed, or the technical parameters could be adjusted according to the needs. Thus, the system becomes suitable to carry out the threshing test of various grains. In this paper, two kinds of systems, a cylindrical plate-tooth mixed row threshing drum and a full cylindrical threshing drum, were designed. Using the same materials and technical conditions, a comparative experiment of the corn grain harvest was carried out to explore the mechanical–technical conditions and methods to reduce the grain breakage rate of corn’s direct harvest.The results showed that the threshing ability and adaptability of the cylinder with a plate-tooth mixed arrangement structure were higher than those of the full cylinder arrangement structure. It was also found that for a higher moisture content (above 28%) of the maize ear, the grain breakage rate met the national standard. On the other hand, the cylinder with a plate-tooth threshing drum can support a wider range of moisture contents and drum peripheral velocities than the full cylinder threshing drum. Within the range of all tested moisture contents and drum peripheral velocities, the minimum grain breakage rate of the full cylinder tooth drum was 3.7%, and the minimum grain breakage rate of the cylinder with the plate-tooth threshing drum was 1.5%, which means a reduction of 59.5% of the breakage rate was achieved.

Double-diffusive convection in Jeffery–Hamel flow

In this paper, double-diffusive convection in flow of viscous fluid is investigated inside a horizontal channel. It has heated, inclined and rectangular plane walls. The upper wall has non-uniform temperature and variable species concentration. Note that the Jeffery–Hamel flow depends upon the radial component of velocity, whereas, the peripheral velocity is taken zero. However, the current simulation has been accomplished in view of new procedures and we dealt with two non-zero components of velocity. The problem has been described in a set of four PDEs and the relevant BCs, whereas, the whole set of BVP is taken in Cartesian Coordinates. A set of proper transformation is formed, which reduces the system of PDEs into a new system of ODEs. The system of ODEs is solved with the help of several methods in order to check the validity of the solution. An approximate analytical solution is provided for small values of inclination parameter. An accurate numerical solution of the modelled equations is also given. Moreover, skin friction, rate of the two diffusions are investigated for all different cases of assisting (opposing) and converging (diverging) flows. Thus, the current modelled problem perfectly describes the physical problems of real world in such special circumstances.

MO773: The Impact of the Time on Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation on Arterial Ultrasound Characteristics

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular accesses (VA) are essential for efficient haemodialysis and preoperative vascular mapping through ultrasound (US) may help surgical planning and improve its outcomes. Several factors can affect vascular quality, hampering the decision about which access to create and affecting VA patency and complications. Our study aims to identify the impact of time on dialysis and/or kidney transplantation in arterial US characteristics. METHOD Retrospectively, we analysed a cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease in whom a US vascular mapping was performed for preoperative planning of dialysis access from 2018 to 2019. Besides demographical characteristics, patients were characterized regarding the presence of diabetes, hypertension, vascular disease (including coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral arterial disease), obesity and smoking (present or past). Vascular indicators were analysed by Doppler US of the arteries in both upper arms, particularly the radial and brachial arteries. Arterial indicators analysed included mean diameter and peak wave velocity (PWV), doppler waveform (mono, bi or triphasic) and calcification on both arms (on a score of 0 to 6). Patients were divided into three groups regarding whether they had not been transplanted and/or started dialysis (group 1), or if one or both conditions were positive for ˂ 5 years (group 2), or 5 or ≥years (group 3). Appropriate tests were applied recurring to SPSS v21.0. RESULTS A total of 153 patients were included. The mean age was 64.54 ± 16 years, 80 (52.3%) were male, 124 (81.0%) were white, 27 (17.6%) were black and 2 (1.3%) were Asian. Most patients had hypertension (138, 90.2%), 70 (45.8%) had diabetes, 59 (38.6%) had arterial disease, 36 (23.5%) were smokers and 45 (29.4%) were obese. The majority of patients were attending for the first vascular access (102, 66.7%). Regarding time since dialysis and/or kidney transplant, most patients were on group 1 (91, 59.5%), 46 (30.1%) were on group 2 and 15 (9.8%) were on group 3. We found that there was a statistically significant correlation between the time since initiation of dialysis and/or kidney transplantation and radial and ulnar mean PWV (P-value 0.004 and 0.004, respectively), but not with their mean diameters. Moreover, this correlation was valid for radial mean PWV between patients on group 1 and group 3 (P-value 0.006, CI 95% 3.88–28.57), and for ulnar mean PWV between patients on group 1 and group 3 (P-value 0.003, CI 95% 6.06–34.69) and between group 2 and group 3 (P-value 0.022, CI 95% 2.02–32.45). No statistically significant correlation was found between the time since kidney transplantation and/or dialysis was started and vascular calcification. CONCLUSION Our results show that patients who have been transplanted and/or started dialysis for 5 or more years (and, in the case of ulnar mean PWV, for ˂ 5 years too) have lower radial and ulnar mean PWV than patients who did not. Moreover, there is no statistically significant difference in radial and ulnar mean diameters and calcification between these groups. End-stage kidney disease (ESRD) is associated with peripheral arterial disease, which has a great impact on patients’ morbidity and mortality and is mainly a manifestation of atherosclerosis. Besides the traditional risk factors, like hypertension or diabetes, some non-traditional risk factors contribute to the high prevalence of PAD in ESRD, like oxidative stress or uraemic retention solutes. Pathologically, this is usually associated with media thickness increase and media calcification. In this study, this phenomenon can be demonstrated by lower peripheral velocities, with less impact in calcification or arterial diameter. Furthermore, the arterial diameter should not be the sole US indicator when deciding which VA to create, especially in patients on dialysis or transplanted, since it does not reflect the changes in arterial flux that results from several cardiovascular changes.

Trapezius Motor Evoked Potentials From Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Reference Data, Characteristic Differences and Intradural Motor Velocities in Horses

Reason for Performing StudySo far, only transcranial motor evoked potentials (MEP) of the extensor carpi radialis and tibialis cranialis have been documented for diagnostic evaluation in horses. These allow for differentiating whether lesions are located in either the thoraco-lumbar region or in the cervical myelum and/or brain. Transcranial trapezius MEPs further enable to distinguish between spinal and supraspinal located lesions. No normative data are available. It is unclear whether transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are interchangeable modalities.ObjectivesTo provide normative data for trapezius MEP parameters in horses for TES and TMS and to discern direct and indirect conduction routes by neurophysiological models that use anatomical geometric characteristics to relate latency times with peripheral (PCV) and central conduction velocities (CCV).MethodsTranscranial electrical stimulation-induced trapezius MEPs were obtained from twelve horses. TES and TMS-MEPs (subgroup 5 horses) were compared intra-individually. Trapezius MEPs were measured bilaterally twice at 5 intensity steps. Motoneurons were localized using nerve conduction models of the cervical and spinal accessory nerves (SAN). Predicted CCVs were verified by multifidus MEP data from two horses referred for neurophysiological assessment.ResultsMean MEP latencies revealed for TES: 13.5 (11.1–16.0)ms and TMS: 19.7 (12–29.5)ms, comprising ∼100% direct routes and for TMS mixed direct/indirect routes of L:23/50; R:14/50. Left/right latency decreases over 10 > 50 V for TES were: –1.4/–1.8 ms and over 10 > 50% for TMS: –1.7/–3.5 ms. Direct route TMS-TES latency differences were 1.88–4.30 ms. 95% MEP amplitudes ranges for TES were: L:0.26–22 mV; R:0.5–15 mV and TMS: L:0.9 – 9.1 mV; R:1.1–7.9 mV.ConclusionThis is the first study to report normative data characterizing TES and TMS induced- trapezius MEPs in horses. The complex trapezius innervation leaves TES as the only reliable stimulation modality. Differences in latency times along the SAN route permit for estimation of the location of active motoneurons, which is of importance for clinical diagnostic purpose. SAN route lengths and latency times are governed by anatomical locations of motoneurons across C2-C5 segments. TES intensity-dependent reductions of trapezius MEP latencies are similar to limb muscles while MEP amplitudes between sides and between TES and TMS are not different. CCVs may reach 180 m/s.

Analysis of Head Rice Recovery using Different Types of Rice Mills for Two Rice Varieties Grown in Two Extreme Rice Growing Altitudes

There have been issues of increased broken rice when farmers finally sell their rice crop, especially in the higher altitudes, and this has always been attributed to the quality of milling machines used. In this study, the head rice recovery of two rice varieties grown in high and low altitudes in Bhutan was assessed in both pre-and post-milling through manually peeling and milling in four different types of rice milling machines, respectively. The head rice recoveries on manual peeling of high and low altitude rice varieties were 54.00±0.41% and 83.68± 0.45%, respectively, and were significantly different at P&lt;0.05. Grain crack percentages were 29.44±0.45% and 5.37±0.45%, respectively, indicating that the climatic conditions had some influence on crack development and head recovery of rice. For machine milling, the rice head recoveries were statistically significant both between varieties and among the milling machines used. The head yield was higher in low attitude variety compared to that of the high altitude one. The friction type machine with 3.32 m/s peripheral velocity gave lower head yield compared to friction type of 1.2 m/s and rubber roller type I and II milling machines. This study recommends improving the drying method presently practised in high altitudes by not laying the paddy on the ground after harvest to avoid exposure of harvested paddy to extreme day and night temperature fluctuation. The use of lower peripheral speed rice milling machines and rubber rollers is recommended to increase head yield.

Reduced Peripheral Nerve Conduction Velocity is Associated with Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from China.

PurposeElderly individuals with degenerative diseases of the central nervous system are more likely to develop peripheral neuropathy; however, research is limited as to whether the decline in peripheral nerve conduction can be used as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Patients and MethodsThis study enrolled 74 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 21 with AD, and 82 healthy elderly individuals. All participants underwent a peripheral nerve conduction and neuropsychological evaluation. Nicolet EDX was used to assess peripheral nerve conduction in the limbs and comparisons were made between the three cognitive groups. Furthermore, the relationship between peripheral nerve conduction and cognitive function was investigated.ResultsA ladder-shaped difference was found in the median (p < 0.001) and common peroneal (p < 0.001) motor nerve velocity, with the control group > MCI group > AD group, even after controlling for variables. The median motor nerve amplitude in the AD group was lower than that in the control group (P = 0.017). After controlling for age, sex, education, and height, the median motor nerve velocity was positively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (r = 0.196, p = 0.015), and the common peroneal motor nerve velocity was positively correlated with verbal fluency task-idioms (r = 0.184, p = 0.026). The median (AUC: 0.777, p < 0.001) and common peroneal motor nerve velocities (AUC: 0.862; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the diagnosis of AD. The accuracy rate of these two motor nerve velocities to predict AD was 51.5%.ConclusionOur study found that peripheral motor nerve velocity may correlate with early cognitive impairment in AD. However, the accuracy of different cognitive classifications and the value of early diagnosis are not ideal when peripheral motor nerve velocity is used alone. Whether peripheral nerve function can be used as a marker for early diagnosis of AD needs further clarification but provides a new possibility for the future of biomarker research.

Design and Parametric Analysis of a Supersonic Turbine for Rotating Detonation Engine Applications

Pressure gain combustion is a promising alternative to conventional gas turbine technologies and within this class the Rotating Detonation Engine has the greatest potential. The Fickett–Jacobs cycle can theoretically increase the efficiency by 15% for medium pressure ratios, but the combustion chamber delivers a strongly non-uniform flow; in these conditions, conventionally designed turbines are inadequate with an efficiency below 30%. In this paper, an original mean-line code was developed to perform an advanced preliminary design of a supersonic turbine; self-starting capability of the supersonic channel has been verified through Kantrowitz and Donaldson theory; the design of the supersonic profile was carried out employing the Method of Characteristics; an accurate evaluation of the aerodynamic losses has been achieved by considering shock waves, profile, and mixing losses. Afterwards, an automated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based optimization process was developed to find the optimal loading condition that minimizes losses while delivering a sufficiently uniform flow at outlet. Finally, a novel parametric analysis was performed considering the effect of inlet angle, Mach number, reaction degree, peripheral velocity, and blade height ratio on the turbine stage performance. This analysis has revealed for the first time, in authors knowledge, that this type of machines can achieve efficiencies over 70%.

Electroneurography abnormality in Parkinson’s disease: a potential biomarker to help diagnosis

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, pathologically characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although various biomarkers and imaging criteria for PD have been established, objective and reliable evaluation methods are still lacking. Electroneurography, as an objective measurement of evoked compound muscle action potentials, is used to assess the integrity of the peripheral nerve and is important in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD with neuromuscular injury. Moreover, it provides references for the evaluation and quantification of the motor function in PD. Here, we summarize recent advances in clinical research of electroneurography in PD, including the peripheral nerve conduction velocity, needle electromyography, surface electromyography, and motion unit number estimation. The potential values of electroneurography in PD diagnosis are also involved.

An Augmented Lever Analogy Method for Kinematic Analysis of Dual-Input Planetary/Epicyclic Gear Sets Involving Planet Gear

The lever analogy method (LAM) is a translational system representation for the rotating components and is widely used for the kinematic analysis of PGSs/EGSs. However, it includes only the sun gear, ring gear, and carrier, and ignores the kinematic information of the planet gear. The planet gear kinematic information is vital for its bearing life prediction, and speed sequence, power flow, and efficiency analysis of dual-input PGSs/EGSs. The traditional LAM doesn’t work when involving the planet gear kinematic information, because the kinematic information of planet gear is eliminated during the process of merging similar items. In this paper, an augmented lever analogy method (ALAM) is proposed to make up for the lack of traditional LAM in analyzing planet gear kinematic information, and analyze the kinematic relationship between planet gear to other components for the dual-input PGSs/EGSs. In this method, the new nodes and lever lengths representing the planet gear are added to the LAM by analyzing peripheral velocity relationships at the meshing points of PGSs/EGSs. In addition, not all the dual-input compound PGSs/EGSs (e.g. the compound PGSs/EGSs with planet gears in series, etc.) can be analyzed by the traditional LAM. The proposed method can easily establish the augmented lever models for all of them and derive the corresponding kinematic expressions. The results show that the proposed ALAM has good visibility and greater versatility, and can accurately and efficiently calculate the rotating speed of planet gears for calculating the speed sequence, power flow, and efficiency of PGSs/EGSs, which can cover all kinds of the PGSs/EGSs, and greatly reduce the technical threshold and time for their kinematic analysis.

Algorithm for calculating the power factor of a rotary mixer drive

The purpose of the research was to develop a methodology for calculating the power factor of the rotary agitator unit drive with its components and an algorithm for their determination, implemented in the form of a computer program. The structural scheme of the bulk material mixer with the developed agitator unit is given. The definition of the required parameters is realized on the base of the known expressions and operating parameters of the mixer. The developed technique and calculation algorithm, which is realized in the MathCAD mathematical package, allow determining the peripheral velocity profile parameter of the material and the hydraulic resistance coefficient of the working body, the power factor and the mixing capacity factor, which allows calculating the torque and power required for material mixing by a rotary mixer with a vertical shaft of the developed design.

On the significance of membrane unfolding in mechanosensitive cell spreading: Its individual and synergistic effects.

Mechanosensitivity of cell spread area to substrate stiffness has been established both through experiments and different types of mathematical models of varying complexity including both the mechanics and biochemical reactions in the cell. What has not been addressed in previous mathematical models is the role of cell membrane dynamics on cell spreading, and an investigation of this issue is the goal of this work. We start with a simple mechanical model of cell spreading on a deformable substrate and progressively layer mechanisms to account for the traction dependent growth of focal adhesions, focal adhesion induced actin polymerization, membrane unfolding/exocytosis and contractility. This layering approach is intended to progressively help in understanding the role each mechanism plays in reproducing experimentally observed cell spread areas. To model membrane unfolding we introduce a novel approach based on defining an active rate of membrane deformation that is dependent on membrane tension. Our modeling approach allows us to show that tension-dependent membrane unfolding plays a critical role in achieving the large cell spread areas experimentally observed on stiff substrates. We also demonstrate that coupling between membrane unfolding and focal adhesion induced polymerization works synergistically to further enhance cell spread area sensitivity to substrate stiffness. This enhancement has to do with the fact that the peripheral velocity of spreading cells is associated with contributions from the different mechanisms by either enhancing the polymerization velocity at the leading edge or slowing down of the retrograde flow of actin within the cell. The temporal evolution of this balance in the model corresponds to the three-phase behavior observed experimentally during spreading. In the initial phase membrane unfolding is found to be particularly important.

Design and Development of a Numerical Model and Study on Kinematic Analysis of a Circular Diamond Saw Blade for Ceramics

Abstract: Diamond tools are currently being used by an increasing number of architects, miners and construction engineers because they are faster and easier to use than older, more traditional instruments like sledge hammers and pneumatic and hydraulic jacks. Bridge and highway surfaces are cut with diamond asphalt and concrete cutting machines to provide for quick, clean, and easy section removal and replacement. The entire cost is reduced since diamond tools take less time and manpower The experiment is carried out to validate the performance of diamond saw blades by taking into consideration characteristics such as normal force, tangential force, cutting speed, cut depth, and peripheral velocity. In present exploration work we are introductory phase of plan conclusion of a jewel device cutting edge with various segmental like 8,12,16,20 corn meal by utilizing Solid works programming we are planning the apparatus cutting edge after that we are imported in Ansys Software for Analysis reason. Computing the necessary qualities for examination and estimations of earthenware tiles likewise are some other stone molecule. Another power model of cutting is presented and inferred numerical demonstrating for chip thickness. Identical chip thickness to coarseness space proportion is gotten from the new power model another outspread opening like profile is presented. Fragmented sort jewel saw sharp edge with the measurement of 400 mm and different portion, for example, 8, 12, 16 and 20 are planned in Solid works effectively. An examination study between existing roundabout outspread space and cone like opening is done to decide deformity, stress dispersion, vibration and temperature conveyance.

Determination of the characteristics of a jet pump during its asymmetric rotation in a well

The hydraulic model of low-pressure jet pump working process for conditions of its asymmetric rotation is proposed on the basis of law of conservation of liquid momentum of parallel mixed potential flows with linear distribution of tangential velocities and radial displacement relative to borehole axis. In the process of derivation of the equation of pressure characteristic of low pressure jet pump at its asymmetrical rotation in a borehole the law of conservation of flow energy in the form of Bernoulli's equation and the law of continuity conservation of mixed currents have been used. To characterize uneven distribution of kinematic parameters in the mixing chamber of jet pump, the unevenness coefficient in the form of ratio of average and axial circumferential velocities of mixed flows is introduced. Flow rates of working, ejected and mixed streams are determined by integration of the adopted velocity profiles in the inlet and outlet sections of the mixing chamber of the jet pump. The developed hydraulic model allowed obtaining a dimensionless relative form of equation for determining the additional head of the jet pump caused by its asymmetric rotation in the borehole. The magnitude of the additional dynamic head increases as the peripheral velocity increases and the operating flow rate decreases. The total head produced by the jet pump is calculated by summing the additional head and the head obtained for the stationary ejector system. The rotation of the borehole ejection system causes the head and the efficiency of the jet pump to increase. The proposed hydraulic model can be used to improve the efficiency of jet pump mode prediction as a part of assemblies for drilling and bottomhole cleaning.

Explicit dynamics finite element analyses of asymmetrical roll bending process

In this article, results obtained from a preliminary study that contains a set of explicit dynamics finite element analyses of a metal plate bending process are presented through 3D asymmetrical three roller models. ANSYS Ls-Dyna explicit dynamics finite element (ED-FEA) preprocessor and solver were used to carry out dynamic simulations. Explicit dynamics of a low-velocity process such as the roll-bending of a metal plate is a computationally expensive method. Since plastic deformation occurs on the plate in addition to elastic flexure to eventually possess a circular geometry, the plate material is considered a non-linear material. In this particular study, an aluminum plate was modeled with the Bilinear Kinematic Hardening model including plasticity parameters such as the tangent modulus. A very significant parameter called the mass scaling factor was taken into account to be able to define a specific time-step that was used to determine the computation time interval and the total temporal cost. However, exaggerated reduction of the computation time results in unphysical consequences. The results were presented before and after redesigning the lower and side rolls having a convex geometry and the peripheral velocity of upper roll rotation was decreased to minimize the distortion that occurred on the pre-bent side walls of the aluminum plate.

Correlation Between Hemoglobin Glycosylation Index and Nerve Conduction Velocity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between hemoglobin glycation variation index (HGI) and peripheral nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study, including 324 patients with T2DM were included in this study. Basic information and blood indicators were collected. The motor conduction velocities (MCV) of the bilateral ulnar nerve, median nerve, and common peroneal nerve, and the sensory conduction velocities (SCV) of the ulnar nerve, median nerve, and superficial peroneal nerve were measured. The patients were divided into two groups according to the NCV: normal nerve conduction group (NCVN group) and abnormal nerve conduction group (NCVA group). When the NCV is less than the specific normal value, the patients were divided into the NCVA group. HGI was calculated as the difference between the measured and predicted values of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using the linear relationship between HbA1c level and fasting plasma glucose levels. At last, all study participants were divided into High HGI and Low HGI groups using the median of HGI as the boundary. The study also analyzed the correlation between HGI and NCV.ResultsCompared to the NCVN group, the HGI levels of the NCVA group were higher (P < 0.001). The prevalence of NCVA in the high HGI group was higher than that in the low HGI group (P = 0.004). HGI was negatively correlated with bilateral ulnar nerve MCV, bilateral median nerve MCV, bilateral common peroneal nerve MCV, bilateral median nerve SCV and left superficial peroneal nerve SCV, and the correlation still existed after adjusting for confounding factors.ConclusionThis study found that HGI is inversely associated with NCV in patients with T2DM, and this correlation is higher between HGI and MCV of peripheral nerve.

Characteristics of Peripheral Blood Flow Velocity According to the Therapeutic Effect of Spinal-centered Personal Warmer

Characteristics of Peripheral Blood Flow Velocity According to the Therapeutic Effect of Spinal-centered Personal Warmer