Periodic Body Acceleration Research Articles

Unsteady solute dispersion in large arteries under periodic body acceleration

The present study investigates the effect of periodic body acceleration on solute dispersion in blood flow through large arteries. Transport coefficients (i.e., exchange, convection, and dispersion coefficients) and mean concentration of the solute are analyzed in the presence of wall absorption. The solute is quickly transported to the wall of arteries with a smaller radius, whereas the opposite is true for arteries with a larger radius. In the presence of body acceleration, the amplitude of fluctuations of the convection coefficient K1(t) increases significantly as the radius of the artery increases. In contrast, an opposite scenario exists for the dispersion coefficient K2(t). The solute dispersion process becomes more effective in arterial blood flow as the radius of the artery decreases. More interestingly, in large arteries with body acceleration, the solute is convected, dispersed, and distributed more toward the upstream direction owing to flow reversal during the diastolic phase of pressure pulsation. Note that this important feature of flow reversal is solely due to periodic body acceleration. For an artery with a small radius, under the influence of periodic body acceleration, the mean concentration of solute Cm is the minimum, and more axial spread is noticed in the axial direction. In contrast, an opposite scenario arises in the artery with a large radius. Additionally, the effect of body acceleration on the shear-induced diffusion of red blood cells is discussed in blood flow.

Entropy generation in the ternary nanofluid flow through an atherosclerotic vessel under periodic body acceleration

This article delves into the examination of the entropy generation within the slip flow of a ternary nanofluid flowing through a stenotic blood vessel. To capture the non-Newtonian rheology of blood, the constitutive equation of the Sutterby fluid model is employed. The governing equations are modeled in cylindrical polar coordinates. These equations are made dimensionless by a suitable choice of dimensionless parameters. Additionally, the dimensionless governing equations are simplified by applying the mild stenosis assumption. With the help of prescribed initial and boundary conditions, the numerical solution of the formulated problem is acquired by applying the explicit finite difference scheme. The outcomes of numerous governing parameters on the velocity profile, temperature profile, and entropy generation are explored through graphical forms. The velocity profile rises as the slip parameter and the inclination parameter are increased. The temperature profile rises with the growing values of the source parameter and decreases with enhancing values of the shape size parameter. The increasing strength of the applied magnetic field causes a reduction in the entropy generation. A comparison of the current study with the existing results is also presented. The plot of the Nusselt number shows that the height of stenosis plays an important role in monitoring its temporal variation. The current findings have been refined to provide elasticity-worthy material for researchers in the field of biomedical science who are interested in assessing blood flow under stenosis conditions and developing effective therapies for a wide range of diseases.

Significance of body acceleration and gold nanoparticles through blood flow in an uneven/composite inclined stenosis artery: A finite difference computation

Stenosis is a tiny plaque-like structure that builds up in the arterial wall owing to the sediment of cholesterol, fats, and pearly substances. Such inward proliferation in arteries significantly inhibits blood flow, which leads to a lack of nutrients and oxygen in the organs. Therefore, exploring the transport characteristics of blood fluid flow in stenosis arteries plays a prominent role in enhancing blood transportation. As a result, the present mathematical model is devoted to scrutinizing the flow of Sutterby gold blood nanofluid in two distinct stenosis arteries with periodic body acceleration. It is observed that the Sutterby rheology model is treated as blood, and the single-phase model is used for exposing the nanofluid behaviour. Dimensional non-linear PDEs of the current model are reduced to the set of dimensionless PDEs with the help of non-similar variables. A finite-difference approach is manipulated to compute the dimensionless PDEs. The physical features of governing flow parameters on the Sutterby nanofluid velocity, temperature, resistance impedance, flow rate, and wall shear stress are exposed through graphs. It is found that the composite stenosis has a lower wall shear stress than the irregular stenosis. Sutterby blood nanofluid velocity is elevated with the rising of nanoparticle volume fraction. When employing a gold nanofluid containing 5% volume fraction, the temperature in the irregular artery rises by 26.004% compared to the base fluid (blood). Similarly, in the composite artery, utilizing the same 5% volume fraction of the gold nanofluid leads to a temperature increase of 32.6207%. The blood flow pattern exhibits a 0.2340% higher in the irregular artery as compared to the composite artery.

Enhancing Heat Transfer in Blood Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Ag–TiO2 Nanoparticles and Electrical Field in a Tilted Cylindrical W-Shape Stenosis Artery: A Finite Difference Approach

The present research examines the unsteady sensitivity analysis and entropy generation of blood-based silver–titanium dioxide flow in a tilted cylindrical W-shape symmetric stenosis artery. The study considers various factors such as the electric field, joule heating, viscous dissipation, and heat source, while taking into account a two-dimensional pulsatile blood flow and periodic body acceleration. The finite difference method is employed to solve the governing equations due to the highly nonlinear nature of the flow equations, which requires a robust numerical technique. The utilization of the response surface methodology is commonly observed in optimization procedures. Drawing inspiration from drug delivery techniques used in cardiovascular therapies, it has been proposed to infuse blood with a uniform distribution of biocompatible nanoparticles. The figures depict the effects of significant parameters on the flow field, such as the electric field, Hartmann number, nanoparticle volume fraction, body acceleration amplitude, Reynolds number, Grashof number, and thermal radiation, on velocity, temperature (nondimensional), entropy generation, flow rate, resistance to flow, wall shear stress, and Nusselt number. The velocity and temperature profiles improve with higher values of the wall slip parameter. The flow rate profiles increase with an increment in wall velocity but decrease with the Womersley number. Increasing the intensity of radiation and decreasing magnetic fields both result in a decrease in the rate of heat transfer. The blood temperature is higher with the inclusion of hybrid nanoparticles than the unitary nanoparticles. The total entropy generation profiles increase for higher values of the Brickman number and temperature difference parameters. Unitary nanoparticles exhibit a slightly higher total entropy generation than hybrid nanoparticles, particularly when positioned slightly away from the center of the artery. The total entropy production decreases by 17.97% when the thermal radiation is increased from absence to 3. In contrast, increasing the amplitude of body acceleration from 0.5 to 2 results in a significant enhancement of 76.14% in the total entropy production.

Analysis of biological mechanism of blood flow containing nanoparticles through an arterial stenosis

ABSTRACT This article aims to discuss the flow of nanoparticles in the blood through a stenosed artery in the presence of a magnetic field and periodic body acceleration. The overlapping shape of stenosis is chosen to show the impact of blood flow. The Bingham plastic fluid model is utilized to capture the non-Newtonian behavior of blood in the stenosed artery under diseased conditions. The resultant equations are solved analytically using the regular perturbation method. The impact of various emerging parameters on velocity, flow rate, effective viscosity, and wall shear stress are presented through graphs and discussed in detail. It is noticed that liquid velocity and flow rate increase whereas effective viscosity decreases with an increase in slip velocity and Womersley’s frequency parameter. It is also noted that liquid velocity and flow rate are decreased by enhancing the Lorentz force. The increase in body acceleration enhances fluid velocity.

Heat and mass diffusion to williamson fluid streaming through a tube with multiple stenoses while subjected to periodic body acceleration

This article examines a mathematical framework that describes the versatile behavior of heat and mass exchange in blood flowing through a narrowed vessel having multiple stenoses. The geometry of a channel having multiple stenoses with an asymmetrical axial axis and a symmetrical radial axis can be visualized by applying a suitable mathematical expression. The geometry of the chosen model considers the height and shape of stenoses. The modification in shape parameter is used to capture variations in the shape of the stenoses in the artery. The blood is supposed to be isochoric (incompressible), while its rheological behavior is characterized by Williamson’s fluid model. The transfer of momentum is analyzed using the equation of motion in cooperation with the continuity equation. In addition, the equations of heat conduction and diffusion are utilized, respectively, to illustrate the distributions of heat and mass. Simplified forms of momentum, mass, and heat transport equations are achieved by incorporating dimensionless quantities and moderate stenosis conditions. A well-known explicit finite difference approach is utilized to solve the emergent non-linear system of governing equations numerically. The influence of different evolving parameters on the flow field along with mass and heat distributions is illustrated through various plots.

Entropy analysis for MHD blood flow of hybrid nanoparticles (Au–Al 2 O 3 /blood) of different shapes through an irregular stenosed permeable walled artery under periodic body acceleration: Hemodynamical applications

The current study investigates the entropy generation for hybrid nanoparticles (Au–Al2O3/blood) through a vertical irregular stenosed artery in the presence of an external magnetic field, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and heat source considering two-dimensional pulsatile blood flow and periodic body acceleration. The blood flow is assumed to be unsteady, laminar, viscous, and incompressible, and the artery walls are considered as permeable. The Reynolds temperature-dependent viscosity model is used to determine the variable viscosity effects. The governing momentum and energy equations are solved using Crank–Nicolson finite difference method by employing an appropriate coordinate transformation to build an accurate mesh using rectangular mesh units. Outcomes of the work are represented graphically for velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), volumetric flow rate, resistance impedance, temperature, heat transfer coefficient, entropy generation, and Bejan number, respectively. Also, the results are validated for velocity and temperature profiles for a given set of values of the dimensionless parameters. The entropy generation increases with rising values of shape parameter (n) up to a specific radius ( x 1 ∗ = 0.84 $x_1^*=0.84$ ) and then changes its behavior in the vicinity of the stenotic zone, in which entropy generation decreases with increasing values of shape parameter (n). The current findings may be helpful for biomedical scientists those are interested to investigate the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Blood Flow Modeling in Constricted Arteries Under Body Acceleration and Wall Slip Using Two-Layered Bingham Plastic Fluid

Analysis is done on a two-layered Bingham Plastic model of restricted, thin arteries with periodic body acceleration. The model essentially consists of a centre layer with a core of suspended red blood cells and an outer layer with a peripheral plasma layer. It has been assumed that the rheology of blood in the core region has been classified as a Newtonian fluid with the PPL and a non-Newtonian fluid obeying the law of Bingham plastic model. This model has been used to investigate how blood flow in stenotic arteries is affected by body acceleration, the non-Newtonian character of blood, and a velocity slip at the wall. Analytical equations for axial velocity, flow rate, wall shear stress, and apparent viscosity are produced by using the perturbation method, and their variations with respect to various parameters are shown in the figures and explained in this article. Due to a wall slip, it is seen that while velocity and flow rate rise, effective viscosity falls. The impact of body acceleration significantly increases flow rates and speed. The physiological effects of this theoretical modelling for blood flow conditions are also briefly looked at.

Non-isothermal flow of Sisko fluid in a stenotic tube induced via pulsatile pressure gradient and periodic body acceleration

A theoretical study for pulsatile unsteady blood flow and heat transfer effects via tapered stenotic artery is presented. This study is based upon a non-Newtonian Sisko-fluid model. The order of magnitude analysis is executed for the derivation of momentum and energy equations for the mild constriction model. The coordinate transformation is utilized to transform the computational domain. A finite difference scheme is utilized for the solution of modeled non-linear partial differential equations. The computed results are exhibited in form of graphs for velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), resistive impendence, flow rate, and temperature for appropriate ranges of important physical parameters governing the flow, including the Sisko fluid material parameter power-law index stenosis height the amplitude of body acceleration shape parameter Prandtl number and Brinkman number This investigation deduces that the flow rate and blood velocity rise with the escalation in the amplitude of body acceleration and shape parameter whereas both decrease by varying material parameter, power-law index, and stenosis height. The wall shear stress (WSS) rises with increasing the power-law index, material parameter, and stenosis height, whereas it decreases with the escalation in the amplitude of body acceleration and shape parameter. The resistive impedance increases with the increase of the size of stenosis and power-law index. The temperature field appears to dominate for smaller values of Prandtl number and larger values of Brinkman number.

Modeling of pulsatile EMHD flow of Au-blood in an inclined porous tapered atherosclerotic vessel under periodic body acceleration

Modeling of pulsatile EMHD flow of Au-blood in an inclined porous tapered atherosclerotic vessel under periodic body acceleration

Analytical Investigation of Magnetohydrodynamic Non‐Newtonian Type Casson Nanofluid Flow past a Porous Channel with Periodic Body Acceleration

The consequence of periodic body acceleration and thermal radiation in the pulsating flow of MHD Casson nanofluid through a porous channel is addressed. A flow of the nanofluid injected through the lower plate is considered while sucked out through the upper plate with a similar velocity. The thermal radiation term is incorporated in the heat transfer equation. The governing equations corresponding to velocity and temperature are converted from partial differential equations to a system of ordinary differential equations by employing similarity variables. The perturbation technique is applied to solve the governing flow equations. The impact of diverse parameters on flow features is graphically analyzed. The result reveals that adding the nanoparticle has enhanced the velocity profile of the base fluid. Moreover, an increase in the periodic body acceleration results in enlarging velocity and temperature.

Theoretical study of the blood flow in arteries in the presence of magnetic particles and under periodic body acceleration

Abstract In this article, the dynamics of blood with suspended magnetic particles in coronal and femoral arteries are investigated. The flow of blood is examined in the presence of external magnetic field, periodic body acceleration and a pressure gradient of an oscillating type. Expressions for the velocity of blood and velocity of magnetic particles will be yielded by employing integral transforms. The analytical results will be expressed in terms of steady-state and transient parts. Moreover, to get insight of the control of the material parameters such as amplitude, the lead angle, frequency of body acceleration, magnetic field and particles’ concentration parameter, numerical simulations and graphical illustrations will be used and useful consequences will be summarized.

A Study of Fractional Relaxation Time Derivative on Blood Flow in Arteries with Magnetic and Thermal Radiation Effects

In this paper, a fractional relaxation model is studied to determine the effect of heat transfer and magnetic field on the blood flow. The flow is due to an oscillating periodic pressure gradient and body acceleration. We apply Laplace transform as well as finite Hankel transform to obtain the closed form solutions of the velocity and temperature distributions of the fractional time partial differential equations. Effect of the fluid flow parameters are shown graphically with changes in the ordinary model as well as the fractional parameters. The analysis shows that the fractional derivative is an excellent tool which gives remarkable change in controlling temperature and blood flow. The analysis depicts graphically, that in the presences of strong applied (exterior) magnetic field, reduces the temperature and blood flow velocities, which is appropriate to avoid tissues damage during treatment. In addition, it is seen that some of the aforementioned parameters influenced the fluid flow profiles in increasing and decreasing fashion which is interpreted as useful to the study.

Particle–fluid two phase modeling of electro-magneto hydrodynamic pulsatile flow of Jeffrey fluid in a constricted tube under periodic body acceleration

The present article investigates the combined role of electric and magnetic fields on the pulsatile flow of Jeffrey fluid (blood) with the suspension of particles (blood cells) in a stenosed artery under the influence of external periodic body acceleration. The Debye–Hückel linearization principle is invoked by assuming the zeta potential on the vessel wall is very small, and the coupled non-linear governing equations which comprise the continuity and momentum conservation equations for the fluid phase and particle phase are simplified by using dimensional analysis under the mild stenosis approximation. The closed-form solutions for electric potential, velocity profiles of both fluid and particle, volumetric flux, skin friction, and the flow resistance are derived in terms of Bessel functions by employing Laplace and Hankel transforms under the appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The influence of some evolving physical parameters like pulsatile Reynolds number, the amplitude of blood flow, Jeffrey parameter, hematocrit, body acceleration amplitude, phase angle, Hartmann number, and electro-osmotic parameter on velocity profiles, skin friction, and resistance to flow were shown graphically and debated concisely. The analysis reveals that the flow of blood in a stenosed duct is substantially influenced by the appropriate strength of externally applied electric and magnetic fields. The study further demonstrates that wall shear stress attenuates as the Jeffrey parameter increases, whereas the reverse trend is noticed with the concentration of blood cells. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the increment in electric field intensity (i.e., decreasing Debye length) causes a reduction in the skin friction and impedance to flow, which, in turn, aids in improving the flow of blood under diseased conditions.

The Effect of Slip Velocity on Unsteady Peristalsis MHD Blood Flow through a Constricted Artery Experiencing Body Acceleration

In this analysis, we present a theoretical study to examine the combined effect of both slip velocity and periodic body acceleration on an unsteady generalized non-Newtonian blood flow through a stenosed artery with permeable wall. A constant transverse magnetic field is applied on the peristaltic flow of blood, treating it as an elastico-viscous, electrically conducting and incompressible fluid. Appropriate transformation methods are adopted to solve the unsteady non-Newtonian axially symmetric momentum equation in the cylindrical polar coordinate system with suitably prescribed conditions. To validate the applicability of the proposed analysis, analytical expressions for the axial velocity, fluid acceleration, wall shear stress and volumetric flow rate are computed and for having an adequate insight to blood flow behavior through a stenosed artery, graphs have been plotted with varying values of flow variables, to analyse the influence of the axial velocity, wall shear stress and volumetric flow rate of streaming blood.

Mathematical modeling of electro hydrodynamic non-Newtonian fluid flow through tapered arterial stenosis with periodic body acceleration and applied magnetic field

A mathematical model is proposed to the pulsatile flow of blood in a tapered artery with mild constriction. This study considers blood as an electrically conducting, non-Newtonian fluid (Jeffrey fluid) which contains magnetic nanoparticles. As blood conducts electricity, it exerts an electric force along the flow direction due to the induced magnetic force by an applied magnetic field which produces Lorentz force and influences the fluidity. Assuming that the pulsatile fluid flow is accelerated by a body force that has in slip velocity at the wall, a set of coupled nonlinear Navier–Stokes equation governing the flow networks is obtained. By employing Laplace and Hankel transforms on the partial equations, we obtain an exact solution for the velocity of flow pattern. Further, the evaluated axial velocity of both fluid and particle are used to find the physiological quantities such as shear stress, flow resistivity and volume of fluid flow. Their dependency on the Womersley parameter, Hartmann number, shape parameter, Jeffrey number and electrokinetic number are calculated numerically and explained graphically. Furthermore, the results are compared with in slip and no slip velocities.

Controlling the Blood Flow in the Stenosed Porous Artery with Magnetic Field

The unsteady blood flow in the stenosed porous artery subjected to a magnetic field was studied analytically. Oscillating pressure gradient and periodic body acceleration were imposed on the flow field. The effects of the magnetic field and the permeability of the stenosed artery on the blood velocity were studied. The results showed that the magnetic field affected the flow field significantly which can be beneficial for some practical problems.

A numerical model on pulsatile flow of magnetic nanoparticles as drug carrier suspended in Herschel–Bulkley fluid through an arterial stenosis under external magnetic field and body force

ABSTRACTA theoretical model for blood flow through an artery with stenosis carrying magnetic particles in the presence of magnetic field and periodic body acceleration is analysed. In the present study, blood is assumed to be Herschel–Bulkley fluid carrying iron oxide nanoparticles. The governing equations are highly non-linear and were solved numerically. The effects of model parameters are investigated and the results are represented graphically. The shear stress at the arterial wall and resistive impedance increases with enhancing values of stenotic height, yield stress, flow behaviour index, consistency index, pulsatile Reynolds number, amplitude of body acceleration, particle concentration and particle mass parameters. In order to treat the circulation disorders, control of the parameters involved in blood flow is necessary. The present model is useful in normalizing the parameter values and hence it can be applied in the field of medicine. The study has significant applications in drug delivery for treating cancer.

Pulsatile MHD flow of a Casson fluid through a porous bifurcated arterial stenosis under periodic body acceleration

A mathematical model on the pulsatile flow of a Casson fluid through a porous stenosed artery with bifurcation in the presence of magnetic field and periodic body acceleration has been developed in the present study. The governing equation is expressed in terms of shear stress and the resulting momentum equation with the initial and boundary conditions is solved numerically by adopting finite difference schemes. The velocity distribution is obtained at different locations of the artery for various values of parameters involved in the study. The combined effects of bifurcation angle, stenotic height, yield stress, Hartmann number, Darcy number and time period on flow variables such as velocity, wall shear stress and resistive impedance have been observed. The shear stress along the outer wall of the parent artery is less than its corresponding value on the inner wall of the daughter artery. The shear stress along the outer wall of the parent artery and the inner wall of the daughter artery increase as Hartmann number increases. It is of interest to note that the flow resistance has a decreasing trend with the increasing value of half of the bifurcation angle and Darcy number. The wall shear stress and flow resistance are increased when the rheology of blood is changed from Newtonian to Casson fluid. It is worthwhile to note that the presence of magnetic field and porous medium increases the plug core radius which is for the first time, added to the literature. The plug core radius increases with increase in yield stress and decrease in stenotic height.

Unsteady Blood Flow with Nanoparticles Through Stenosed Arteries in the Presence of Periodic Body Acceleration

The effects of nanoparticles such as Fe3O4,TiO2, and Cu on blood flow inside a stenosed artery are studied. In this study, blood was modelled as non-Newtonian Bingham plastic fluid subjected to periodic body acceleration and slip velocity. The flow governing equations were solved analytically by using the perturbation method. By using the numerical approaches, the physiological parameters were analyzed, and the blood flow velocity distributions were generated graphically and discussed. From the flow results, the flow speed increases as slip velocity increases and decreases as the values of yield stress increases.