Period Of Entry Research Articles

Dynamics of the event structure of the life course in Russia

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the life-event structure of generations of Russians based on empirical data from the Russian Social Survey (RSS) wave 9, comparable with ESS. The analysis showed that the life calendar of currently living generations of Russians is quite strongly structured - events occur in certain and rather narrow time intervals and in a certain sequence. A feature of the life calendar in Russia is a high concentration of all the basic events of the first phase of adult life in a narrow time interval, a short period of entry into adulthood. Events of the late stage of life show greater chronological diversity and scenario variability. Significant differences in the life-event matrix of generations in Russia were found, including an increase in the average age of onset of almost all basic life events, an expansion of the boundaries of age-related life stages, an extension of the path of growing up and the transition from maturity to old age, as well as diversification of life scenarios in the professional and family-marital spheres. When comparing the indices of standardisation of the main events between generations, a trend towards destandardisation of life paths was revealed: in older generations, the level of similarity is significantly higher than among younger generations. The main changes occurred in the generation of 1970-1979 and accelerated in the next generation of 1980-1989. Macro-demographic factors, as well as changes in socio-economic and historical conditions, the transition to a post-industrial society might be named among possible reasons. The trend towards destandardisation of life paths in older generations primarily affected people with a higher level of education, while in younger generations it acquired a broader social and class character; gender differences began to appear in the generation of the 1980s. The authors suggest that the increase in destandardisation of life paths may have multidirectional social and individual consequences. On the one hand, new opportunities for development, building a life path taking into account individual characteristics, talents and desires, greater flexibility of life trajectories, a decrease in normativity and social pressure. On the other hand, this may lead to increased uncertainty, social tension, increased inequalities, and a deepening conflict between “fathers and children,” which will increase social risks in the foreseeable future.

The Role of Abu Hanifa in the Formation of the Traditional Religion and Religious Worldview of the Kazakh People

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the role of Abu Hanifa in the formation of traditional religion and religious knowledge of the Kazakh people. The article is based on the analysis of Abu Hanifa's works “Fihq Al-Akbar” and “Al-‘alim wa-l Muta‘lim” and contains excerpts from the works of Kazakh thinkers reflecting the continuity between Abu Hanifa's thoughts and the religious knowledge of the Kazakh people. The period of Abu Hanifa's entry into the historical arena was a period of serious disagreements between various religious trends of the Islamic world. Abu Hanifa was a member of one of the famous Murji movements. For a deeper explanation of the religious foundations and Sharia views of Abu Hanifa, such concepts as: flesh, soul and consciousness were studied and analyzed. In this regard, the reasons why Abu Hanifa's concepts of faith and Islam differed from those of Islamic scholars of that period were identified, and the continuity of Abu Hanifa's teachings with the traditional religion and religious worldview of the Kazakh people was also shown.

12-month substance use disorders among first-year university students in Kenya.

The period of entry into university represents one of vulnerability to substance use for university students. The goal of this study is to document the 12-month prevalence of substance use disorders among first year university students in Kenya, and to test whether there is an association between substance use disorders and mental disorders. This was a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 2019 and 2020 as part of the World Health Organization's World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) survey initiative. A total of 334 university students completed the survey. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic characteristics of the participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between substance use disorder and mental disorders after adjusting for age and gender. The 12-month prevalence for alcohol use disorder was 3.3%, while the 12-month prevalence for other substance use disorder was 6.9%. Adjusting for age and gender, there was an association between any substance use disorder and major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar 1 disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, social anxiety disorder, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and non-suicidal self-injury. These findings highlight the need to institute policies and interventions in universities in Kenya that address substance use disorders and comorbid mental disorders among first-year students.

Study of the nootropic effect of the extract of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi</i> in modeling anxiety and depressive disorders in rats during the development of a conditioned reflex of passive avoidance

Experimental study is devoted to the study of the nootropic effect of the extract Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in normal conditions and in modelling anxiety-depressive disorders by creating "social" stress in rats during the development of a conditioned passive avoidance reflex. Materials and methods. The study was made of the extract obtained by maceration of the underground part (rhizomes with roots) of the plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The experimental work involved the study of the behavioural characteristics of laboratory animals (non-linear rats) in the amount of 159 males aged 7-9 months, divided into groups in accordance with the stages of the study. The study of nootropic activity in the norm formed the basis of the first stage and included work with animals divided into 4 groups: receiving water for injection (intact); Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract, medicinal product «Tetramethyltetraazocycloocyandione»; medicinal product «Piracetam+Cinnarizine». The creation of conditions providing for paired sensory contact of individuals, contributing to the development of inter-male confrontations, was achieved by modelling “social” stress in groups identical to the normal state at the second stage of experimental work. The use of the standard setting of the passive avoidance conditioned reflex made it possible to analyse the cognitive functions of the animals. Results. The nootropic effect of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract has been proven. The decrease in the consequences of stress in the form of a deterioration in memorization and reproduction of a conditioned reflex of passive avoidance was shown when it was administered to laboratory animals. Extension of the latent period of entry into the dark chamber of the passive avoidance conditioned reflex test, an increase in the total time spent in the illuminated compartment, and a decrease in the percentage of animals that visited the dark "aversive" compartment under the influence of the extract were described. Conclusion. The preservation of a memory trace in laboratory animals after the introduction of an extract made on the basis of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has been established. The presence of a complex of various groups of biologically active substances in the composition of the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi determines this plant object as a source of obtaining new drugs recommended for use as nootropic drugs that reduce the reactions that develop during “social” stress.

Effects of Age and Popularity of Sport on Differences among Wrestlers' Parental Support: An Exploratory Study.

No research was previously performed on wrestling related to parental support. It is not known whether there are differences in support between younger and older children. The popularity of a sport can be reflected in parental support, and parents may be more inclined towards popular sports. The aim of this research was to examine differences in parental support among wrestlers of different age categories and between those coming from communities in which wrestling is a popular sport versus communities in which it is less popular. The sample of participants consisted of 172 wrestlers. The Parental Support Scale for Children in Sports was applied. Parental willingness to set an example was lower. As far as age is concerned, the period of entry into specialisation is sensitive. At this age, children perceive less parental support (p = 0.04) and lower parental belief in the benefits of sports (p = 0.01). The popularity of the sport is related to parental support. In environments in which wrestling is popular, parents know the sport better and can participate; therefore, children perceive more parental support. The findings of this study may help coaches to better understand athlete-parent relationships.

Parenting Preterm Children: Emotional Availability At Preschool Age

Prematurity is a particular challenge for parents that severely affects the interaction and relationship dynamics between children and their caregivers. Previous studies mostly focused on the infancy of preterms but did not examine the development process. This study highlights whether preterm children and their main caregivers still differ in their emotional availability (EA) at preschool age. Caregiver-child interactions during the transition period of school entry were measured with the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS). N = 25 preterm (25–33 weeks of gestation) and n = 23 term children at an age of 5 years and their main caregivers were observed while playing a construction game that was eliciting either a low or moderate stress level. Caregivers of preterm children showed higher intrusiveness scores compared to caregivers of term dyads. Thus, it seems that parents of preterm children behave intrusively independently of their children's cognitive performance.

STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS OF RATS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL STROKE WITH ANXIETY-DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

Background. According to the estimates of the World Health Organization for 2021, 615 million people (about 10% of the population of the world) showed symptoms of depressive or anxious disorders. Among the main causes of death in the population, the first half of the year continues to suffer from diseases of the circulatory system, and forecasts indicate a savings trend to an increase. Therefore, the development of anxiety-depressive disorders on aphids of ischemic stroke is relevant.
 Aim: to investigate the specificity of TDR on aphids of experimental ischemic stroke in the eyes.
 Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out on 30 non-linear laboratory tests, which were divided into 3 groups: group 1 - contact control, group 2 - animals of the group with simulated ischemic stroke; 3rd group - blindness with modeled ischemic stroke and anxiety-depressive disorders. The recovery of ischemic stroke in juveniles was performed using an additional model of endovascular occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (focal ischemia) by E. Z. Longa. A model of reserpine-induced depression in the eyes was selected for the morbidized morbidity of pathophysiological lanquences of anxiety-depressive disorders. To assess the experimental behavioral models of depression on laboratory tests, we used tests - “open the field” and “apply a cross-like labyrinth”.
 Results. Achievements in the test "chrest-like labyrinth" were confirmed by an increase in the hour of turning the eyes in the dark sleeves of the labyrinth (a marker of increased anxiety) and a decrease in the hour of the change in the lighted cottages. Zokrema, in a group of animals with a modeled ischemic stroke, the latent period of entry to the dark chamber of growth (p<0.05), as well as in the eyes with comorbid pathology (p<0.05) was compared with the intact group.
 There was a decrease in the hour of perebuvannya in clarified sleeves, as well as the number of clarified sleeves in both experimental groups of creatures.
 Conclusion. Significant changes in psychophysiological tests were noted for the minds of an ischemic stroke, however, in animals with a modeled comorbid pathology, there were more manifestations of changes in all indications, which indicated a strengthening of the anxiety of that change. Obtained results require the destruction of pathophysiological mechanisms of depressive-anxious disorders on aphids of cerebrovascular changes.

Using LEGO® Serious Play® Methodology in supporting Nigerian nursing students' sociocultural transitions to UK higher education: A phenomenological research study

IntroductionFrom an historical perspective the United Kingdom (UK) has been the first European country of choice for Nigerian students wishing to study overseas. As an international contingent, Nigerian students continue to represent the UK's third largest international student body. This paper provides an insight into research undertaken to examine students' capacity to transition into the UK Higher Education system from a sociocultural perspective. Across the UK Higher Education Institutions (HEI's) have addressed issues surrounding internationalisation and decolonisation of the portfolio of programmes available to overseas students, with strategic curriculum design and justification processes evident in the extant literature. This project uses an innovative approach for the facilitation of dialogue with international students about their experiences of transitioning into UK systems of learning and teaching using a social constructivism approach. AimsThe aim of the research was to explore sociocultural perspectives which impacted on self-reported transitions to UK HEI's by Nigerian students. The objectives of the study were to a) provide a reflective lens of perspective on international student transitioning experiences for HEIs, educators and policymakers b) illuminate the challenges and barriers faced by Nigerian students during their transition from Nigerian to UK HE systems and infrastructures and c) to co-construct authentic and pragmatic knowledge of how best Nigerian students can be supported in their transition to UK HEI's. MethodsSmith (2010) interpretive phenomenological analysis, integrating qualitative research methods was implemented as a means of undertaking research facilitated using LEGO® Serious Play® Methodology as an innovative method of data collection. Twenty participants were recruited purposively to the study from an annual cohort of nursing students at a satellite Higher Education Institution (HEI) campus in Metropolitan city. Quirkos was used as a software package in analysing the data and establishing the salience as well as the commonality of emergent themes. ResultsFindings reveal the extent to which sociocultural acclimation is of importance in the process of transition to UK HEIs. The perception of complex ambiguity surrounding the design and delivery of UK academic curricula was also reported as challenging by Nigerian students. Self-reported comments from Nigerian nursing students revealed the priori existence of negative learning experience, including lack of IT facilities, culturally rooted family expectations and responsibilities which then influenced perceptions and experiences of learning and teaching in the UK. Negative experiences included perceptions of racism regarding skin colour, fashion sense and UK practice focused on authentic assessment opportunities. ConclusionThe small purposive sample of participants who engaged in this study, illuminated that students' prior experiences have the potential to influence their current pedagogical experience, in accordance with the principles of social constructivism. Most participants reported their experience of the transition period of entry to UK education varied between individuals, perhaps most significantly that perceptions of acculturation, acclimatisation and overall transition to the UK took between four and six months for a programme that may only have one year's duration.

Features of exploitation of high-number industrial chum salmon <i>Oncorhynchus keta</i> on the example of Lake Tunaicha (south-eastern Sakhalin): problems and proposed solutions

In Lake Tunaicha mainly artificial reproduction of chum salmon is carried out. The escapement is at a high level — more than 1 million fish. Significant pre-settlement mortality of chum salmon has been regularly observed in the lake basin over the last three years (2019–2021). The scale of fish mortality was estimated based on the results of surveys of the lake, including those carried out with the help of UAVs. The data of fishing statistics, the filling of natural spawning grounds and the features of spawning chum salmon migration were analyzed. The sea surface temperature (SST) data was used. To assess the hydrochemical conditions in Lake Tunaicha during the period of mass entry of chum salmon spawners in 2019–2021, water samples were taken in the coastal area of Lake Tunaicha and in the estuarine sections of the rivers of its basin. The coastal marine fishery cannot keep up with the withdrawal of the commercial part of chum salmon return (no more than 10 %), and most of the fish migrate from the sea to the lake through the Krasnoarmeisky Strait. Before entering the rivers the chum salmon spends a long time in the lake (average of 11 days), and significant accumulations of chum salmon create a danger of fish mortality due to unfavorable hydrological conditions (low oxygen content, high water temperature), especially in shallow areas with an abundance of aquatic vegetation. It is necessary to organize the withdrawal of chum salmon brood stock surplus in the basin of Lake Tunaicha. Taking into account the nature protection status of the lake, this is only possible to implement in the Krasnoarmeisky Strait at the Okhotsk salmon fish farm fish accounting barrier. It is recommended to remove 50 % of the spawning chum salmon there from the beginning of its mass migration in the strait — from September 11.

THE IMPACT OF BLAST-INDUSED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ON PASSIVE AVOIDANCE RESPONSE

Among military personnel participating in armed confl icts around the world, blast- induced traumatic brain injury is common. Mild blast- induced traumatic brain injury is characterized by clinical signs in the form of impaired cognitive functions, including memory. In this regard, the objective is to study the features of the infl uence of an blast-i nduced traumatic brain injury on conditioned refl ex activity in the experiment. The studies were carried out on 18 white male Wistar rats aged 5-7 months, weighing 180.0-220.0 g, which were kept under standard vivarium conditions of Dnipro State Medical University. Selected rats were divided into three groups: I group – experimental (n=6), whose animals were anesthetized with halothane (Halothan Hoechst AG, Germany), fi xed and simulated blast-i nduced traumatic brain injury by generating a baroacoustic wave with an excess pressure of 26.4±3.6 kPa on your own manufactured device. II group – sham (n=6), the animals of which were subjected only to inhalation anesthesia with halothane and fi xation in a horizontal position, and III group – intact (n=6). The passive avoidance response was reproduced according to the standard method in a light-dark chamber with an electrifi ed fl oor in a dark chamber. The latent period of entry into the dark chamber was determined in rats that had undergone preliminary training.As a result of the data analysis obtained during the experiment, it was found that a mild blast- induced traumatic brain injury leads to a violation of passive avoidance response on the 3rd day after the injury (lengthening of the latent time by 28-31%, p˃0.05), which progressed by 21 (100-79%, p˃0.05) and 28 (100-96%, p<0.05) days of the post-traumatic period. Taking into previous studies, the changes which we obtained are indicate signifi cant secondary damage by biologically active substances, which lead to the launch of neurodegenerative processes and, as a result, memory impairment.

ON THE QUESTION OF THE BASIC PERIODIZATION OF IMITATIONS OF THE ROMAN IMPERIAL DENARII IN THE CHERNYAKHIV CULTURE AREA: THE CONCEPT OF TWO «WAVES»

Imitations of Roman coins, the findings of which are very numerous and diverse in Ukraine, have already attracted the attention of researchers. The material accumulated over the last two decades, when taking into account its scale and diversity, allows us to state that imitations of Roman coins in the area of Chernyakhiv culture, is an unique and large-scale phenomenon, visible on the imaginary «map» of ancient numismatics. In this context, the growing number of new findings of imitations actualizes the task of more detailed and meaningful categorization of the accumulated material, in order to create a certain integral «canvas» of such a phenomenon as the imitations of Roman coins from the area of Chernyakhiv culture.
 The article is devoted to the improvement of the existing typology and periodization of imitations of Roman imperial denarii, which were made in the area of Chernyakhiv culture during the II - IV centuries. To solve this problem, the authors proposed and used an analytical scheme, consisting of a set of classification parameters for the typology of imitations of Roman coins in the area of Chernyakhiv culture. The use of this scheme allowed to form «profiles» and to substantiate the presence in the general set of imitations of two large, non-intersecting groups («waves») of imitations.
 Further analysis allowed to describe and compare these two «waves» of imitation in more detail. It was found that the first «wave» refers to the period of gradual entry of the Roman silver coins into the area of Chernyakhiv culture (II - early III century), which significantly clarifies the common view, according to which all imitations belong to the second half of the III century or even later. The second «wave» of imitations really refers to the second half of the III - early IV century, as it was established in the literature.
 Thus, the results of the study substantiated a comprehensive approach to the classification of imitations of Roman coins in the area of Chernyakhiv culture and significantly clarified the chronological framework of their production. In the future, the concept of two «waves» and the analytical scheme proposed by the authors may contribute to a more accurate classification and periodization of the whole array of imitations of Roman coins, which were made in the area of Chernyakhiv culture

Управление обеспечением продовольственной и социальной безопасности (на примере Республики Крым)

The work is devoted to the problem of ensuring food and social security in the Republic of Crimea, which is due to the fact that food security is a factor that has a major impact on the welfare and standard of living of the population. The criteria for ensuring food security are determined, a system of indicators characterizing the criteria for an integral indicator of the food security of the region is presented. The assessment of the state of food and social security of the Republic of Crimea for the period 2014-2018, which is due to the most difficult transition period of Crimea's entry into Russia, has been carried out. The work assesses the state of food and social security of the Republic of Crimea for 2014-2018, identifies threats to ensuring food security. As a result of the study, a decrease in the production of livestock and crop production was found. The reasons for the decrease in the growth rate of agricultural production in the Crimea have been determined. The direct impact of food security on social security has been established, threats to the social development of the labor force of the Republic of Crimea have been analyzed and identified. An assessment of the population of the Republic of Crimea with monetary incomes below the subsistence level was carried out, which showed that 20-23% of the region's population live below the poverty line. Analysis of the demographic situation in the Republic of Crimea revealed the threat of rapid aging of the population, i.e. there is an increase in the number of citizens of retirement age in the general structure of the region's population. Population shrinking is a threat to social security. The conducted research and the conclusions made made it possible to develop proposals and recommendations for ensuring food and social security, solving social problems and increasing the standard of living of the population.

Improving methodology of automobile operating companies activities simulation modeling

This article is devoted to the study of the use of mathematical hardware in the efficient organization of the system of servicing motor vehicles. Herewith, simulation modeling methods enable obtaining information about the state of the system analyzed with the application of its programmed model. This information is then used in the design of system management. In addition, proposals have been developed to improve the car maintenance process within the framework of generating random values corresponding to the distribution of probabilities by type of service over the period of entry into the car maintenance system.

Study on cultivation of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedlings in containers

This article highlights the results from the effect of changing the volume of containers on the growth and development of pistachio seedlings, as well as the effect of hydrogel, moisture-accumulating substances on the preservation of pistachio seedlings planted on plantations. According to the research, seedlings of pistachio, planted on containers 20x40 cm in size, reached an average height of 18.2 cm, an average diameter at the root collar of 4 mm and an average root length of 30.4 cm. Pistachio seedlings (planted in a permanent place) grown by this method reached safety 95%, which is 122% compared to control group. It is possible to maintain a high field moisture capacity for 2-3 years by adding moisture-accumulating substances - hydrogel to the soil. This allows retaining moisture sufficient for the preservation and growth of pistachios in dry conditions. The preservation of moisture is necessary for pistachio seedlings for good growth and development, branching, budding, to shorten the period of entry into fruiting and increase the yield. Studies, conducted on the effect of hydrogel on transplanted annual shows that the most effective rate is 100 grams/plant. At this application rate, the average plant growth was 20.5 cm, which is 113% compared to control group, the average growth of lateral branches is 6.5 cm, which is 118.0% compared to control group.

Динамика становления спортивного мастерства тяжелоатлетов Китая элитной группы

The paper considers the dynamics and pace of development of sportsmanship of China's strongest weightlifters of the elite group of different sexes by analyzing the age limits and characteristics of training at the main stages of long-term improvement. The age limits for the start of weightlifting classes for boys and girls in China, the age limits in which they became winners of the National Weightlifting Championships, the age limits for these athletes to be among the world leaders in weightlifting in their weight class, the age limits for achieving their best athletic performance in the training stages, and the age limits for ending their athletic careers. The terms of preservation of the highest achievements of Chinese weightlifters of different groups of weight categories and sex during their sports career are given. Results and discussion. The period of entry of Chinese male and female weightlifters into the group of world leaders after participating in national championships begins in men aged 22-23 (on average after 1-2 years), and among women aged 18-21, respectively (on average after 0.5-1 year). The age at which weightlifters of the elite group of different genders maintain high sports results and end their careers were studied. For men, it is in the groups of weight categories at 28-31 years, while for women, respectively, it is 2-3 years less, i.e. at 26-28 years, respectively. If we count the number of years during which weightlifters of different sexes of the elite group of China retain their athletic achievements, then they are: 17-18 years for men, and 15.5-16.5 years for women. The ratio of achievements in the snatch to the clean and jerk (within the amount of total) in weightlifters of the elite group of different groups of weight categories and sex is analyzed to determine the predominant focus of training at the stage of maximum realization of individual capabilities. It is established that the increase in competitive results of male weightlifters of the elite group of China is carried out mainly due to the growth of achievements in the exercise of speed snatch, and female weightlifters, respectively, due to the growth of achievements in strength training – the clean and jerk. The majority of China's elite male weightlifters (44.0%) reach the highest results for a sports career at the age of 20-23 years, and 35.0% of athletes reach them at the age of 24-27 years. The majority of elite athletes in China achieve the highest results at a younger age of 20-23 (60.0%) years, at the age of 16-19 years (27.0%). Conclusion. Different age limits and rates of development of sportsmanship in men and women of China's elite group involves the choice of different approaches to modeling and control of the main characteristics of training at the main stages of long-term improvement

Peculiarities of Dissemination and Functioning of Incunabula: Cases of Collections of Lithuanian Memory Institutions

Incunabula are considered a particularly important part of the documentary heritage. 520 incunabula are preserved in eight different Lithuanian memory institutions. The engagement of Lithuanian libraries in the development of the international database of incunabula provenances, Material Evidence in Incunabula (MEI: https://data.cerl.org/mei/_search), intensified research on incunabulistics, as it led to a closer examination of the marks of the former owners. The article presents the latest data on the distribution of incunabula in different Lithuanian memory institutions, as well as analyzes various book marks that were not recorded in Nojus Feigelmanas’ catalog of Lithuanian incunabula or was revised and supplemented, and evaluates their significance in the printed book culture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The analysis is performed using the provenance method, however is not limited to property marks, but also includes margins – marks left by a reader on the pages of books, and other marks not related to property or reading, providing significant information on book history, culture and peculiarities of reading at that time.
 In the 15th century, there were no printing houses in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, so the main spread of books was by trade. The entries with prices identified in the incunabula reveal a relatively early time of purchase of the incunabula and testify that the books in the 16th-17th centuries were an expensive commodity. They usually mention groschen, the common currency in the territory of Lithuania-Poland, less often – florins or ducats. In this case, the large variety of prices does not allow to draw more specific conclusions on the prices of incunabula in the relevant period, but these data as a source of book history will serve in general when studying the value of the old books and the circumstances of their acquisition. Purchase records usually also provide information about a former owner of a book. The article focuses more on lesser-known owners on whom new information has been found or existing data have been updated, attention is also paid to female donators. The article also discusses the records left by the incunabula rubricators, which allows to determine the period of the book entry into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as well as to look at them as one of the first readers.
 Various inscriptions left by anonymous owners require the most effort. Entries of the 15th-16th centuries, mostly in Latin, many of which are abstracts of an existing book or notes on it, additions to the text, are still awaiting detailed reading and research. Identified Lithuanian words will be a valuable source of the language history for researchers of the old Lithuanian language. Various marginalia – reviews on a book, notes from everyday life, counting the year of the book, as well as graffiti, different drawings that can be seen as feather attempts, amateur illustrations, caricatures or even as an expression of reading boredom, will be an important material to describe a reader’s relationship to the book at the time, for which the incunabula, like books of other ages, were not only the object of study or research, but also a kind of notebook for important thoughts, synopses, everyday details.

Fatores associados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas em estudantes de uma universidade pública do sul do Maranhão

O uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) pela humanidade é extremamente antigo e seu consumo no decorrer da história possui amplas finalidades. No Brasil, o seu uso fez parte da cultura dos povos antigos na realização de rituais e festas, sendo um fenômeno conhecido desde os tempos da colonização portuguesa. O beber e a utilização de outras drogas fazem parte da cultura brasileira, traduzindo-se em um ato dinâmico que se modifica no intercurso do tempo e espaço. O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar uma parcela específica da população, assumindo que o uso de SPA é um comportamento relevante a ser considerado e estudado no Brasil contemporâneo. Essa parcela escolhida trata-se do público universitário que, devido ao seu protagonismo no desenvolvimento da sociedade, é merecedor de uma análise mais aprofundada para que se compreenda os fatores associados ao uso das drogas. Dentre os aspectos que justificam a escolha, está a vulnerabilidade a que essa parcela da população está sujeita, vez que o período de ingresso nas universidades, convenções sociais a serem cumpridas, festas com fácil acesso às drogas, pouca experiência social e necessidade de pertencimento a um grupo, fazem desta etapa da vida um cenário favorável ao contato e futuro envolvimento do estudante com essas substâncias. O presente trabalho se propôs a analisar os fatores associados ao “uso de SPA na vida” dentre universitários, através de uma amostra de 309 alunos, e utilizou como método de análise o preenchimento de questionários. Verificou-se que esses fatores são múltiplos e amplos, e abrangem hábitos sociais, familiares, religiosos, culturais e educacionais. Baseado nessa diversidade, o presente estudo sugere a necessidade de novas pesquisas para que se complementem os resultados obtidos e para que novas abordagens sejam desenvolvidas face à necessidade de mudança no ensino brasileiro em relação ao consumo de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas.

A New Flow Entry Replacement Scheme Considering Traffic Characteristics in Software-Defined Networks

The Software Defined Network (SDN) decouples control and data planes of the existing network architecture and a controller carries out centralized management and control of the network. This provides flexibility for the networks and enables efficient operation, depending on their condition. However, when the performance of switches comprising the SDN varies, any switches with low performance can cause flow table overflow and subsequent bottleneck with overhead concentrating in the controller. Besides, packet processing can be delayed, declining user QoS. The paper proposes a flow entry replacement scheme that takes into account the flow features to address the issue. The proposed Short Flow First (SFF) scheme discriminates the flow features based on the matching period of flow entry and determines a subject of the flow entry replacement with the features. For evaluation, the paper built the SDN environment using the Mininet emulator and compared the performance of the proposed SFF scheme with the representative flow entry replacement schemes. According to the results, the proposed scheme showed a good performance in the flow entry miss rate and packet delay due to failure of matching the flow entry.

Technical and economic evaluations of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system with gas engine in commercial cold storages

In this paper, a combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system with gas engine is used to provide energy demand of a commercial cold storage and its techno-economic evaluation is performed compared to the traditional systems. Also, a cold storage facility to store orange crop during the period of entry and storage is analyzed. The thermal loads of the cold storage are calculated and an appropriate water-ammonia absorption chiller is designed and optimized. Then, changes in the energy and economic parameters are analyzed versus the main effective parameters. The results show that the use of this CCHP system under a heat supplying strategy with the possibility of selling electricity to the network, leads to reductions of fuel consumption and system operating costs about 78.85% and 81.34% compared to the conventional systems, respectively. Also, the payback periods by considering the interest rate and without it are determined 4.075 and 2.701 years, respectively. Also, according to the results obtained and the study of the ratio of fuel to power, the best operating point of the system from technical and economic viewpoints is achieved at a fraction of 80% load and the overall efficiency of the system is evaluated about 89.59%.

Satisfying Newcomers’ Needs: The Role of Socialization Tactics and Supervisor Autonomy Support

We investigate a novel approach to newcomer socialization based on self-determination theory (SDT). A core assumption of SDT is that when social contexts support basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, people are more likely to integrate new experience effectively and thrive in their environment. We sought to examine the role of psychological need support within the context of newcomer socialization and the period of early entry where newcomers learn their new role and become integrated within the organization. We propose that organizational socialization tactics and perceived autonomy-supportive supervision jointly influence newcomers’ basic psychological needs and, in turn, their organizational commitment and withdrawal cognitions. Results from structural equation modeling analyses from a time-lagged study of 489 MBA interns supported our hypothesized model. There were significant indirect effects of institutionalized socialization tactics and supervisor autonomy support on both affective organizational commitment and withdrawal cognitions, via psychological need satisfaction. Use of institutionalized tactics also was negatively associated with interns’ specific need for autonomy, suggesting that individualized tactics may play a role in supporting newcomers’ sense of self-determination. A post hoc moderation analysis further suggested a substitutive pattern in the interaction between supervisor autonomy support and institutionalized tactics, emphasizing the central role that supervisors play in newcomer socialization, particularly when it pertains to newcomers’ psychological need satisfaction. Our results indicate that SDT is a promising theoretical framework for studying newcomer adjustment.