Egypt In Period Research Articles

Prevalence of Obesity among Primary School Children Living in Egypt

Obesity is a disease that dangerously affects health. BMI is the most preferable method to define. Childhood obesity is one of the major public health problems not only in low and middle income countries but also in high income. Obesity problem was in a rising curve in the last decade. School age is important period to early discover and effective intervention. Participants and methods: A cross sectional survey managed in 2018 including 31270 children in school age period in Egypt. Data was collected through a simple questionnaire and Measure weight, height and BMI. Assessment was in relation to BMI for age Z score. 200 obese children were selected randomly from the obese on basis of parental consent for investigations. Results: 31270 students (6-11years) were studied. 15.02% overweight and 10.55% obese. Prevalence among boys (14.2%) more than girls 6.7%. higher in urban (15.5%) compared to rural (6.8%).higher among high socioeconomic standard (14.1%). Higher between (8-9 years) (15.9%) than other age groups. Cholesterol level was high in 20% of the selected cases while LDL was high in10% while Triglyceride was high in 25% of cases unlike HDL was low in only 15%. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity was 15.02% and 10.55% respectively. Higher among boys, urban and high socioeconomic. Cholesterol, LDL and TG were lower in 20%, 10% and 20% respectively and in HDL was lower in 15%.

GPR Measurements with Advanced Isosurface Rendering Technique for Accurately Characterizing Subsurface Archaeological Structure at Al-Nadura Roman Temple in Egypt

The application of modern visualization techniques (e.g., isosurface rendering) has been beneficial for the 3D presentation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) datasets, compared to the conventional time-slice imaging method, in order to facilitate GPR data interpretation. In this case study, we concentrate on how to apply isosurface rendering technique to easily interpret and highlight the spatial variations within GPR data in archaeological applications. Isosurface renders are generated from surfaces with equal amplitudes, which are illuminated in the 3D data volume using artificial light that reflects off the surface, where the surfaces appear as 3D shaded images. In this paper, GPR data were acquired with a GSSI SIR2000 system using a 200 MHz shielded antenna and 0.5 m inline spacing in both x- and y-directions at Al-Nadura Temple archaeological site. The main objective of this case study was to image subsurface archaeological structures and potentially characterize cut-off ancient burial tombs inside ferrous sandstone situated at Al-Nadura temple, which date back to the Romans periods in Egypt. According to this case study, we highlighted the importance of isosurface rendering technique analyses towards more intensive GPR data interpretation and target identification. Moreover, by comparing extracted isosurface data with conventional presented time-slice, we demonstrate the radar important interpretability of the advanced visualization methods for precisely characterizing subsurface archaeological structures.

The study of the historical development of glass in ancient times

Abstract: This paper discusses historical development of glass in ancient times, identify the most important characteristics of glass in every era of time, through the study of their properties, chemical composition of the types of glass and production methods, through the study of some archaeological models of global museums to reach the most distinctive characteristics of each era ,The aim of this paper is to explore these aspects by using a combination of focused studies and case studies in various ancient and historical periods. Each case study in ancient Egyptian period, Roman Middle East, and the Islamic world.keywords: historical development of glass, Ancient Egyptian, Roman glass, Islamic glass, chemical composition, glass techniques.I. INTRODUCTION Ancient Egyptian GlassAs early as the third millennium B.C., craftsmen in Mesopotamia discovered how to glaze jewelry and small objects with colored glass. The new material joined other vitreous glazes, like faience, as a less expensive substitute for rare and precious stones, such as lapis lazuli. Subsequent developments, especially the use of simple molds, enabled craftsmen to form objects entirely from glass.In all likelihood, the Egyptians learned glassmaking from their Asiatic neighbors, possibly from captives taken during Egyptian military campaigns in the East under the eighteenth-dynasty pharaoh Thutmosis III (1490–1436 B.C.). The glass industry, once transplanted to Egypt, grew vigorously, fueled in part by the abundance of the raw materials required to manufacture glass. Egyptian workshops not only produced a variety of wares for consumption by the royal court and aristocrats, who could afford such luxuries, but also exported large quantities of raw glass.

Land-Mistresses in Graeco-Roman Egypt

Women During The Graeco-Roman Period Held Many Important Positions And Had Many Types Of Occupations. Agricultural Occupations Were Among The Most Significance Works Of Women. She Works At The Field As A Labour As Well As She Owns The Field As The Land-Mistress. This Paper Aims To Highlight The Role Of Women As Land Mistress In Graeco-Roman Egypt Through Displaying Examples Of Successful Land-Mistress, Explaining Their Land Management And Clarifying Their Economical Impact During Greek And Roman Periods In Egypt. This Study Depends On Analyzing Methodology Of Documents From Family Archives And Other Documentary Sources. Results Of This Study Reveals The Women Had Economic Impact As A Landowner And This Impact Varied Through Time Because She Lost A Lot Of Her Legal Rights During The Roman Period.

SOUND AND DESIRE: RACE, GENDER, AND INSULT IN EGYPT'S FIRST TALKIE

AbstractThis article explores the coloniality of gender, sexuality, and desire, and the links between nationalist and commercial imperatives, in the making of Egypt's first sound film, or talkie, in 1932. Through an analysis of the politics, economy, and memory of Yusuf Wahbi's filmAwlad al-Dhawat(Sons of the Aristocrats), it shows how the interplay between new sound technologies, the global film trade, and nationalist and racialized narratives of gender and resistance shaped the contours of ideal femininity and masculinity during the interwar period in Egypt. The article also shows how the film's representations formed at the intersection between the filmmakers’ attempts to challenge colonial stereotyping and their efforts to capture an ever-expanding global film market. Often neglected in cinema scholarship, early filmmaking in Egypt, I argue, is critical to understanding wider processes of nation formation and gendered characterizations.

Estimation of structural dynamic characteristics of the Egyptian Obelisk of Theodosius

Obelisks are historical monuments. There are several obelisks dating from ancient Egyptian period, located around various parts of the world. The city of Istanbul is a home to the Obelisk of Theodosius at the Hippodrome. Due to the expectation of a large event in the near future, the evaluation of seismic response of the Obelisk gets importance. Therefore, in this study structural dynamic behavior of the Obelisk was investigated using discrete element approach. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed using real and synthetic time series. Real and synthetic ground motions analyzed from this study seems consistent with the earthquake hazard levels that would be expected at the site of the Obelisk in the occurrence of an event of moment magnitude above 7.0 near Istanbul. Results are evaluated in terms of variation of displacement, relative displacement of adjacent blocks, normal stress and shear stress in time.

Banana Flowers (Musa sp.: Musaceae): an Essential Source of Nectar for Honeybee During the Dearth Period in Egypt

Banana Flowers (Musa sp.: Musaceae): an Essential Source of Nectar for Honeybee During the Dearth Period in Egypt

An outbreak of post cataract Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute endophthalmitis in Egypt

BackgroundOutbreaks of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis are often due to infection with Gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which usually has poor visual prognosis due to its virulence factors and intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents.This work was concerned with investigation of outbreak of post phacoemulsification surgeries that took place at an eye care center, at 1-day period in Egypt. Retrospective case series study had been carried out with participants of six patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgeries. The clinical settings and treatment outcomes were described.ResultsThe results showed isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug-resistant strain in all cases; five vitreous samples and one anterior chamber fluid sample. No evisceration or enucleation had to be done to any of these eyes in 8-month follow-up period. The source of outbreak was most probably the reused-reprocessed cassette of the phacoemulsifier machine. No pseudomonas strains could be isolated from other environmental samples.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and prompt recall of suspected cases and applying outbreak control measures helped to achieve good visual and anatomic outcomes. Reprocessing and reuse of single use devices should not be done, except after following the international regulations and the manufacturers’ information on the appropriate decontamination process to allow reuse, including cleaning, disinfection, and method of sterilization.

Uncovering the Morphology of Kōm ad-Dikka in Alexandria

The historical residential area of Kōm ad–Dikka in Alexandria has experienced morphological transformation from the ancient era until the present. Each historical period had a physical impact on the city’s urban structure that in turn struggled to survive the successive one with its different urban conception. However, the sinuous streets of this area, which probably date back to the late Egyptian Medieval period, are characterized as being the only surviving organic fabric intra–muros that was not altered during the Egyptian Modern period. In the absence of scientific publications regarding the history of Kōm ad–Dikka, this paper elaborately investigated its chronological history since the ancient era until the mid-twentieth century. Based on an in-depth investigation of historical maps and memoirs, this paper revealed the possible reasons behind the area’s extant sinuous urban form and postulated reconstructions of its urban morphology through sequential phases.

On the formation of h\xf6rnesite in a Fatimid manuscript folio

A folio fragment attributed to the Fatimid period in Egypt was found to bear tufts of white crystals associated with the orange-brown and yellow paints. Raman spectroscopy identified a mixture of arsenic sulfide-based pigments in the orange-brown and yellow areas, along with vermilion in the outlines of the figures. X-ray microdiffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry identified the white crystals as hörnesite [Mg3(AsO4)2·8H2O]. Synthesis of this compound at ambient temperature and elevated relative humidity over a period of 3 years, on paper painted with arsenic sulfide pigments and treated with magnesium carbonate, suggests the possibility that a magnesium-based deacidification treatment may have contributed to the formation of this phase on the folio fragment. This work highlights the potential damage that may be sustained by arsenic sulfide-based media through exposure to deacidifying suspensions such as the ones often used in the past to treat works of art on paper and historic documents.

영화 속 공간에 나타난 선사시대와 고대 이집트 건축의 특성 비교분석

This study set out to catalogue, compare, and analyze the architectural styles of prehistoric and Egyptian architecture and their related sets and location places in movies, thus identifying the characteristics of spaces in movies that could be utilized in the education of the history of architecture. The study thus adopted the following methods: first, it categorized movies with ancient Western architecture in the background based on the examination results and analyzed the style characteristics of each trend in the space of movies; and second, the study selected representative movies to allow the audience to experience ancient Western architecture effectively in their space and, at the same time, analyzed how the characteristics in the history of architecture were reflected in the movies. The findings were as follows: first, `Quest for Fire` and `10,000 BC` present the best expression of characteristics of prehistoric architecture. Second, `300: Rise of an Empire` contains scenes in which the heritage of Mesopotamia architecture before the Persian times can be checked even though the movie itself covers the Persian times. Third, `The Mummy` and `Exodus: Gods and Kings` are two movies that have Egyptian architecture in the background and produced after the introduction of CG(Computer Graphic) can be evaluated as the most complete works. Fourth, `Cleopatra`, which was produced before the introduction of CG, made active use of the mise-en-scene to highlight the Egyptian background. Fifth, movies set in the Egyptian period and combined with the SF or horror genre tend to emphasize only certain elements of Egyptian architecture and omit the overall background. Finally, the introduction of CG has made it possible to express the external spaces of architecture during the ancient times according to the historical research of architecture in each period, but elements of architectural history have not been reflected on the expression of internal spaces.

The New Administrative Capital of Egypt a Critical Review from the Regional

The construction of the New Capital Cairo or the administrative capital, had caused critical debate on the necessity and adequacy of its construction during a very critical period in Egypt's History. within the planning related disciplines, three lines of thoughts emerged in relation to this issue. The first one, confirms the construction decision and the location chosen for the new capital. The second opinion acknowledges the idea of having a new capital yet, is concerned with the chosen location. While the third opinion stands firm against the whole principle of a new Capital. This paper attempts to review the three different lines of thought.

The Distribution of Book of the Dead Spells’ in Ptolemaic Tombs in Egypt

Tomb was the posthumous residence of the deceased. Thus Ancient Egyptians high priority great attention to construct an elaborate tomb equipped with all necessities of eternal existence as the iconography of walls and ceiling. The religious theme was the principal sources of tombs’ decorative programs in Ptolemaic Period in Egypt. These scenes revealed many subjects as presenting offerings to gods, but the most frequent scene’s subject is that of funerary texts, especially the vignette and texts of Book of the Dead. This paper aims to investigate the spatial distribution of Book of the Dead’s scenes on different parts of the tomb and its significance. It will survey all scenes according to their spell number and every spell will be analysed according to place, title, vignette’s description and finally its function; the latter highlight its choice. Results could provide some indications about the function of every part of the tomb. Key words : Tombs, Ptolemaic Period, Egypt, Book of the Dead, Funerary beliefs.

Conservation of a Coptic Textile Fragment from the Late Roman Period in Egypt

Conservation of a Coptic Textile Fragment from the Late Roman Period in Egypt

マムルーク朝後期エジプトにおけるイクター保有の実態 : オスマン朝期『軍務台帳』にもとづいて

マムルーク朝後期エジプトにおけるイクター保有の実態 : オスマン朝期『軍務台帳』にもとづいて

Rise of the Hyksos: Egypt and the Levant from the Middle Kingdom to the Early Second Intermediate Period

Rise of the Hyksos: Egypt and the Levant from the Middle Kingdom to the Early Second Intermediate Period

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus in livestock during inter-epidemic period in Egypt, 2014/15

BackgroundRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) caused several outbreaks throughout the African continent and the Arabian Peninsula posing significant threat to human and animal health. In Egypt the first and most important Rift Valley fever epidemic occurred during 1977/78 with a multitude of infected humans and huge economic losses in livestock. After this major outbreak, RVF epidemics re-occurred in irregular intervals between 1993 and 2003. Seroprevalence of anti-RVFV antibodies in livestock during inter-epidemic periods can be used for supporting the evaluation of the present risk exposure for animal and public health. A serosurvey was conducted during 2014/2015 in non-vaccinated livestock including camels, sheep, goats and buffalos in different areas of the Nile River Delta as well as the furthermost southeast of Egypt to investigate the presence of anti-RVFV antibodies for further evaluating of the risk exposure for animal and human health. All animals integrated in this study were born after the last Egyptian RVF epidemic in 2003 and sampled buffalos and small ruminants were not imported from other endemic countries.ResultsA total of 873 serum samples from apparently healthy animals from different host species (camels: n = 221; sheep: n = 438; goats: n = 26; buffalo: n = 188) were tested serologically using RVFV competition ELISA, virus neutralization test and/or an indirect immunofluorescence assay, depending on available serum volume. Sera were assessed positive when virus neutralization test alone or least two assays produced consistent positive results. The overall seroprevalence was 2.29% (95%CI: 1.51–3.07) ranging from 0% in goats, 0.46% in sheep (95%CI: 0.41–0.5), and 3.17% in camels (95%CI: 0.86–5.48) up to 5.85% in buffalos (95%CI: 2.75–8.95).ConclusionOur findings assume currently low level of circulating virus in the investigated areas and suggest minor indication for a new RVF epidemic. Further the results may indicate that during long inter-epidemic periods, maintenance of the virus occur in vectors and also most probably in buffaloes within cryptic cycle where sporadic, small and local epidemics may occur. Therefore, comprehensive and well-designed surveillance activities are urgently needed to detect first evidence for transition from endemic to epidemic cycle.

Sands of desire : the Creative Restlessness of Lee Miller’s Egyptian Period

« Comme Spectator, je ne m’intéressais à la Photographie que par “sentiment” ; je voulais l’approfondir, non comme une question (un thème), mais une blessure : je vois, je sens, donc je remarque, je regarde et je pense », écrit Roland Barthes dans La chambre claire. De même, dans la célèbre ouverture de Nadja, André Breton affirme que ce qui importe n’est pas tant de se demander « qui je suis », mais « qui je hante ». En quoi ces deux citations peuvent-elles s’appliquer à l’esthétique de Lee Miller ? Après les nus féminins réalisés au cours de la période « d’apprentissage » auprès de Man Ray et les élégants portraits de sa période new-yorkaise, c’est en Egypte, après son mariage avec le riche homme d’affaires Aziz, que Lee Miller met véritablement au point sa propre esthétique, où humour et appréhension ludique de l’espace (qui ne sont pas sans rappeler Magritte) se « marient » au regard curieux de « l’autre », une dimension que Miller allait explorer plus avant dans son travail de photojournaliste. Ainsi, les photographies de la période égyptienne laissent filtrer une impatience et une soif d’émotion forte qui allaient alimenter le travail de photojournalisme de Miller, quelques années plus tard.

INTERPRETING TECHNIQUES BY A TOUR GUIDE AT THE ANCIENT TOMBS OF RAJA SIDABUTAR

INTRODUCTION:Since earliest time the activities of interpreting-translating world wide as a form of mediating across boundaries of language has given a great contribution as a form of mediating and crucial instrumental in human communications. When ancient people were driven into exile, when explorers had to transact business, and when slaves were being put to work for the colonizer. Interpreting can defined most broadly as inter lingual, intercultural oral or signed mediation, enabling communication between individuals or groups who do not share, or do not choose, the same language (s) by the children of immigrants, by hospital cleaners, by trained and untrained signed-language interpreters, by tour guides and by countless others with widely varying levels of language and communication skill (Pochhacker, 2002).It has been written in the history when Christopher Columbus, a famous navigator from Genoa sailed to discover the American continent at the end of the second half of the 15 th century. He brought along with him an interpreter who understood the local ethnic language by using paralinguistic or kinetic speech in order to communicate with the local people in the continent. Then history also indicates the discovery of inscribed stones written in two languages. It has proven that translation activity has existed since the year 3000 AD in the Old Egypt period which was located in the first Riam area, Elephantin.In 300 BC, the translation became an increasingly important activity for Western people, particularly for those in Rome who absorbed the Greek culture. History of Islam also revealed during Khilafah Abassiyah, they had translated a wide variety of disciplines that were not available for them, such as Medicine, Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, and Philosophy. (Yusuf, 1994) says before the Islamic community spread its influence to Europe, Baghdad city was well known as the city of translation. The city became an important place for Middle East people in translating classic works of Aristotle, Plato, Hippocrates, and others into Arabic language.In further development, the need of professional translator and interpreter is critical due to the increase of cooperative relations among nations in many sectors such as diplomatic, cultural, economic, political, and national defense. This is seen in various gatherings of nations such as the United Nations, European Union, ASEAN and so on which interpreter occupied an important position in delivering information through many different languages. In Indonesia the role of interpreter began to increase, especially since in the 10th Summit Conference in Jakarta in 1992 which required about 5,000 language staffs (including liaison officers, field officers, etc.). This amount does not include the conference interpreters (conference interpreters). (Machali, 2009).In general, interpreting activity is more difficult than translation. There are some reasons underlying this statement. The first reason is that the interpreter must complete his duties in a very limited time. Once the process begins, interpreters do not have the opportunity to repeat, revise, or evaluate translations. So it might be concluded that the results of an oral translation is Non-correctable and non-verifiable. ( (Shuttleworth & M. Cowie, 1997). In certain cases, the interpreter has the right to ask and ask the speaker to repeat his utterances. However, the inability of the interpreter in capturing and listening to the speaker's speech will show his unprofessionalism as an interpreter.The second reason is that in doing his job, interpreter always relate directly to the speakers. The presence of speakers greatly affects the process of interpreting and it really felt by interpreter, especially in terms of mentality.The third reason is that in oral translation, the translated text is principally a verbal speech delivered by speakers. Therefore, the skills needed interpreters are listening skills and spoken skills. …

Flat-section Hairpins during the Egyptian Predynastic Period? A Proposal of Identification and Typology

espanolEste articulo propone la identificacion como agujas de pelo de seccion plana de una serie de objetos hallados en tumbas predinasticas para los que se habian formulado interpretaciones diversas. El fundamento de esta caracterizacion es la morfologia de las piezas, su decoracion y los contextos arqueologicos en los que fueron halladas. Asi mismo se propone una clasificacion tipologica y se comparan con agujas de pelo de seccion circular de cronologia semejante EnglishThis article proposes the identification of a series of items found in Predynastic tombs for which different interpretations had been previously formulated as flat-section hairpins. This characterisation is based on the morphology of the objects, their decoration and the archaeological contexts where they were found. Additionally, a typology for flat-section hairpins is proposed, as well as a comparison between this type of hairpins and the ones of circular section of similar chronology.