Perfect Balance Research Articles

PERIOPERATIVE CARE IN DIGESTIVE SURGERY: THE ERAS AND ACERTO PROTOCOLS - BRAZILIAN COLLEGE OF DIGESTIVE SURGERY POSITION PAPER.

The concept introduced by protocols of enhanced recovery after surgery modifies perioperative traditional care in digestive surgery. The integration of these modern recommendations components during the perioperative period is of great importance to ensure fewer postoperative complications, reduced length of hospital stay, and decreased surgical costs. To emphasize the most important points of a multimodal perioperative care protocol. Careful analysis of each recommendation of both ERAS and ACERTO protocols, justifying their inclusion in the multimodal care recommended for digestive surgery patients. Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) such as ERAS and ACERTO protocols are a cornerstone in modern perioperative care. Nutritional therapy is fundamental in digestive surgery, and thus, both preoperative and postoperative nutrition care are key to ensuring fewer postoperative complications and reducing the length of hospital stay. The concept of prehabilitation is another key element in ERPs. The handling of crystalloid fluids in a perfect balance is vital. Fluid overload can delay the recovery of patients and increase postoperative complications. Abbreviation of preoperative fasting for two hours before anesthesia is now accepted by various guidelines of both surgical and anesthesiology societies. Combined with early postoperative refeeding, these prescriptions are not only safe but can also enhance the recovery of patients undergoing digestive procedures. This position paper from the Brazilian College of Digestive Surgery strongly emphasizes that the implementation of ERPs in digestive surgery represents a paradigm shift in perioperative care, transcending traditional practices and embracing an intelligent approach to patient well-being.

THE PROBLEM OF SOCIAL PROTECTION MANAGEMENT IN ARMENIA: STRATEGIC REFORMS FOR INTEGRATED SERVICE DELIVERY

The objective of current social reforms in Armenia is to address the ever-changing needs of the country’s population. The introduction of the Integrated Social Services (ISS) system, which is a major step towards a more client-centered system, aims to enhance the reach and positive impact of social services across the country. This article examines the legal and strategic foundations for the development of the ISS system and, at the same time, describes the key constraints that impede its effective operation. The results indicated that human resources, social work and innovation capabilities were the key constraints. This is an important take in the investigation on how the perfect balance within the social protection system will be reached in Armenia bearing in mind the existing state of affairs and future socio-economic challenges.

Fireflies May Transform Damodar Based Banka-Siphon As Eco-Tourism Spot: Focused Ecological Foot Print Biodiversity Conservation Natural Resources Socio-Economic Management Ecosystems Improving Environmental Policy

The Damodar River (DR) based in Kanchannagar, Burdwan Town, West Bengal, India attached to Eden Canal (EC) and Banka-SiphonDam (BSD) of Banka River (BR) covering we surveyed first time covering 10-12 km sq km area, is the oldest enriched habitat of different flora- and faunal- diversity with large population densities of biological light producing insect, fireflies that attract nature lovers and tourists for their ability to make rhythmic synchronous flashing light in 45 years ago. But fireflies were decreasing gradually due to the oldest diurnal tourist spots and modern artificial lighting; coming massive tourists, picnic parties with large sound systems, killing of wild animals, cutting the trees, disturbing, catching, unethical human behaviours, and urbanization nearby badly affected ‘Nocturnal Biodiversity specially Fireflies’, and it adversely affects the environment (Water, Sanitation and Ecology) and societal problems. On the other hand, it is well known that fireflies are the most charismatic beetles with attractive bioluminescent courtship displays that have recently been swept onto the global stage of nature tourism, especially the ‘Nocturnal Natural Fireflies Eco-Tourism’. To overcome it, the main aims and objectives are to survey the densest firefly population zone with nocturnal biodiversity for the focus and establishment of the ‘Nocturnal Firefly Eco-Tourism Spot’, and provide suggestions for future tourist behaviour to minimize the impact on firefly populations with nocturnal biodiversity. All the child scientists of Kanchannagar D. N. Das High School will engage and get scope to identify the prospects and study of management of land, water and living resources promoting wildlife conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way, and can also study the ecosystem management. They observed that the highest firefly populations with nocturnal biodiversity in the ‘Banka Siphon Dam’. The main animals in the night were the foxes, grey-coloured water monitor lizards, turtles, fishing cats, civet cats, barn owls, and even migratory birds. One white-coloured fox was seen in the BS. It may be enriched by planting plans and management of water bodies and land that focus recommendations of firefly tourist sites that can enhance the visitor experience, protect natural resources, and socio-economic benefit of local communities, and help promote the conservation of wildlife biodiversity and research also improving ‘World Policy’. The perfect ecological balance of fireflies with water, land and vegetation may develop any ‘Future-SocioEconomic-Nocturnal Eco-Tourist-Spot’. So, it may tell, “Fireflies May Transform Damodar-Based Banka-Siphon As Eco-Tourism Spot Focusing Ecological Foot Print Biodiversity Conservation Natural Resources Socio-Economic Management Ecosystems Improving World Environmental Policy! And Emerging Fireflies Eco-Tourism Economies Need Much More Private Financing for Climate Transition.

Relación entre el plano oclusal y tres niveles diferentes de la línea ala-trago en una muestra de adultos sudaneses

Aim: Correct orientation of the occlusal plane plays a vital role in achieving the perfect occlusal balance and function of complete dentures. This study aimed to evaluate the most reliable posterior reference point of the ala-tragus line (ATL) concerning occlusal plane (OP) in a sample of the dentate Sudanese population. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 subjects with healthy and well-aligned permanent teeth were randomly selected. Right lateral profile photographs were taken with subjects having a fox plane placed intra-orally, contacting the occlusal plane. Reference points corresponding to inferior, middle, and superior borders of the tragus and inferior border of the ala of the nose were marked on photographs. The angles between the lines were measured using the Auto-CAD software program, and the most parallel relationship was determined. Descriptive statistics in terms of means and standard deviations were presented. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA tests were used to compare as appropriate. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean angle formed by the OP and ATL was 8.5±3.69º for the superior level, 4.68±3.13º for the middle line, and 2.89±2.57º for the inferior line. A significant difference was found between the means of the three angles (p< 0.001), while no significant difference (p> 0.05) was found between both genders regarding the measured angles. Conclusions: The line joining the inferior border of the ala of the nose with the inferior border of the tragus of the ear was the most reliable line in terms of parallelism to determine the occlusal plane orientation. Keywords: Occlusal plane; Denture, complete; Prosthodontics; Anatomic landmarks; Cephalometry; Sudan.

Performance improvement of CSP particle receivers by depositing spinel absorber coatings

The challenging development/modification of particles to meet the requirements of thermal stability, high absorptance and mechanical resistance with minimal economical cost is a key point to attain for the next particle receivers of concentrated solar power plants. The properties of the particles influence the performance of the system, since the concentrated solar radiation is absorbed and stored in these solid materials. In this work, resulting from the studies carried out within the HORIZON 2020 COMPASsCO2 project, the deposition of black-coloured transition-metal oxides with spinel-like structure coatings on different particles is proven. Five different particles (state-of-the-art and innovative) developed by Saint-Gobain have been coated, studied and compared. The coating deposition was adapted to the dip-coating methodology, ensuring high and good reproducibility. The composition of solid particles as well as the composition of the precursor solution, the curing methodology and the number of deposited spinel layers demonstrate that they have a great influence on the solar absorptance value and the abrasion resistance. Therefore, it is essential to find the perfect balance between all these different parameters in order to achieve the best performance of the particles. The addition of silica nanoparticles in the precursor solution provides rougher layers with enhanced absorptance, up to 0.980, on newly developed particles with excellent thermal stability and abrasion resistance.

Darius Milhaud’s vocal cycle «Machines agricoles»: outrage or confession?

Relevance of the study. Darius Milhaud's vocal cycle Machines Agricoles (op. 56) was written in 1919. The significant date of creation of the cycle in the year of the end of the First World War forever tied it to a dramatic cultural and historical context, which did not remain aloof from Milhaud's artistic tasks, but was reflected by numerous semantic overtones in the concept of the work, the principles of organization and the original characteristics of the musical language. However, the vocal cycle Machines Agricoles appears in most musicological works as an example of the artist's joke, vocal curiosity, "Dadaist provocation" and the manifestation of youthful enthusiasm. It is a fairly established opinion that the cycle does not deserve any special attention, because it contains nothing but an outrageous declaration of everyday life. Therefore, turning to the cycle Machines Agricoles in the broad context of the intersection of many cultural layers of that time, identifying the semantic dimensions of their actualization in the original work of art and determining the main vectors of its understanding is an urgent question of modern musicology..
 The main objective of the study is to identify the specifics of the design and organization of the vocal cycle Machines Agricoles by Darius Milhaud as an expression of the artist's unique spiritual world.
 The scientific novelty is determined by the fact that the composition of the cycle is considered as a unique semantic continuum, which was conditioned by the emotional and intellectual flows of the spiritual life of Darius Milhaud. For the first time, the text of the work is examined in a broad contextual field, in which Machines Agricoles appear as a confessional phenomenon.
 The methodology of the article is based on historical, comparative, genre-stylistic and phenomenological methods of analysis.
 Results / findings and conclusions. Darius Milhaud's vocal cycle Machines Agricoles appears as a unique phenomenon of his spiritual life. Іn the cycle are reflected the mental and psychological characteristics of the artist's personality, which determined his unique role in the cultural context of France between the two world wars, as well as the difficult fate of his works written in the second half of the 20th century.
 Machines Agricoles are organically included in the context of French music and appear as the discovery of mental models and worldview guidelines that determine the specificity of national culture. Pastorale as a special spiritual dimension of human existence in the post-apocalyptic environment of post-war Europe; a sense of the subtle semantic layers of the artist's self-realization in the context of French musical traditions inextricably linked to the concept of mastery, clarity, "doneness"; the desire to create a complete sound world from equal layers of meaning, formed by expressive timbre means (the voice and each instrument has its own line) - all this testifies to the depth of the concept of the cycle and its unique role in the formation of Milhaud's creative credo.
 The paradoxical non-acceptance of these aspects of the composer's work in the majority of historical sources caused a misunderstanding of the originality of Milhaud's artistic position in the works of later years, prevented us from feeling the boundless sincerity, emotional vulnerability and trusting intonation of the author's address to the listener.
 Darius Milhaud's vocal cycle Machines Agricoles appears as an intimate confession of the author, which transforms a traumatic life experience into a new spiritual space, opens up opportunities to enter the world of perfect balance, and is evidence of the sound of a vulnerable soul that, despite everything, retains its human essence and ability to create.

Boosting Li-Ion Battery Pack Lifespan with Active On-Load Balancing

Due to the repeated cycles of charging and discharging, battery manufacturers cannot ensure perfect cell balance. Cell balancing is considered essential for equalizing each battery cell to the same state of charge level in a series configuration. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries can be damaged or have their lifespan decreased by improper discharge processes. This study investigates battery balance during discharge by analyzing the state of charge (SoC) and current distribution of a 3-cell battery pack based on a multi-transformer shared flyback converter (F-C) under varying load conditions. A balanced approach is employed to control individual cells using a dedicated switch for each cell during the discharge process. The results indicate that the proposed active balancing method can enhance the Li-ion pack's balancing capacity while reducing the disparity in residual energy among the battery cells. The unique contribution of this research lies in the active balancing approach, which offers efficient and effective battery management during discharge. This approach provides crucial insights for the future development of improved battery systems. Therefore, Given the linearly decreasing target SoC, the average error over all time points is approximately 4.29%.

Impact of Work-Life Balance and Stress Management on Job Satisfaction among the Working Women in Higher Educational Institutions in Namakkal District

Purpose: The study aims to assess the impact of work-life balance and stress management on job satisfaction among women employed in higher educational institutions in Namakkal District. Objectives include enriching understanding of work-life balance and stress management concepts in educational settings, evaluating the conditions of female workers, focusing on their happiness, establishing boundaries, and exploring the quality of relationships between female employees and their colleagues within these institutions. Methodology/Approach: Case studies, books, periodicals, journals, articles, and online searches are all examples of secondary sources used in this investigation. Findings/Results: Effective stress management helps people feel better about themselves and do better in the predictable world. It gave people something to look forward to, which boosted their motivation and confidence. As a woman has to take care of her family, she should know the techniques to manage the family and the professional work she is undergoing. She has to maintain good health because she will be the backbone of her family. She has a sole responsibility to take care of herself by eating a healthy diet, exercising, taking deep sleep, maintaining a friendly social network, listening to music, reading books, having positive thinking ability, etc. Outcome: The concept of work-life balance and stress management is reviewed. The steps to achieve a successful Work-Life Balance are evaluated. The awareness about how to find a perfect Work-Life Balance is discussed and the skills that are required to manage stress are identified. Originality/Values: Irritability, impatience, family pressure, anger, frustration, fear, anxiety, self-doubt, panic, melancholy, feelings of inadequacy, insecurity, hopelessness, dissatisfaction, emotional withdrawal, and depression are some of the symptoms of stress that this study focuses on, particularly as they pertain to women. Every lady needs to understand how to triumph over the obstacles above. Type of Paper: Empirical Research.

Signatures of abnormal deviations in excitation‐inhibition balance for amyloid positive individuals

AbstractBackgroundDysfunctional excitation‐inhibition balance (EIB) is hypothesized to precede cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, overlapping neuropathology (like amyloid plaques) can develop in cognitively normal (CN) and impaired (CI) individuals. We investigate EIB trajectories for individuals with significant amyloid (Aβ+).MethodMultimodal imaging was used to construct hybrid resting‐state structural connectomes (Fortel, Igor, et al. Network Neuroscience 6.2 (2022): 420‐444.), computing whole‐brain EIB based on 105 ROIs. This cohort (N = 185, 94 Female) aged 55‐90 (μ FEMALES = 74.9, and μ MALES 73) was limited to Aβ+ individuals with APOE genotyping (ε3/ε3, ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4); grouped further by clinical dementia rating (CDR), with CDR > 0 indicating CI. Imaging, Aβ+ classifications, CDR, and APOE were obtained from OASIS‐3: Longitudinal Multimodal Neuroimaging: Principal Investigators: T. Benzinger, D. Marcus, J. Morris; NIH P30 AG066444, P50 AG00561, P30 NS09857781, P01 AG026276, P01 AG003991, R01 AG043434, UL1 TR000448, R01 EB009352. AV‐45 doses were provided by Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly.ResultResults presented in Figure 1 suggest whole‐brain EIB in both CN sexes with Aβ+ decreases with increasing age (APOE‐ε4 agnostic). However, sex differences are highlighted with CI; regression analyses produce a marginally significant 4‐way interaction of age, sex, cognitive status, and APOE (P = 0.085, β = ‐0.013). Partial correlation of EIB with age, controlling for sex, APOE and cognitive status is also significant (P = 0.016, r = ‐0.18). Results indicate sex‐mediated EIB differences in individuals with CI, dominated by APOE‐ε4 in women rather than amyloid.ConclusionWe’ve demonstrated EIB deviations in cognitively impaired men and women that may be associated with AD neuropathology. Our findings are consistent with known AD sex differences and suggest novel multimodal connectomics may capture subtle disruptions in brain dynamics that traditional methods may not. Figure. 1. Whole‐brain excitation‐Inhibition balance (EIB) trajectories for amyloid positive (Aβ+) men and women. The cognitively normal (CN) group (rows A‐B) suggests no sex differences in EIB trajectories with age, while the cognitively impaired (CI) group (rows C‐D) begins to reveal distinct patterns of dysfunction (more significantly in women with APOE‐ε4). Note a value of 0.5 indicates perfect balance.

Perfect Resonant Absorption of Guided Water Waves by Autler-Townes Splitting.

The control of guided water wave propagation based on the Autler-Townes splitting resonance concept is demonstrated experimentally, numerically, and theoretically. Complete wave absorption is achieved using an asymmetric pointlike scatterer made of two closely spaced resonant side channels connected to a guide and designed so that its energy leakage is in perfect balance with the inherent viscous losses in the system. We demonstrate that the nature of the resonators and guide junction completely controls the positions of the wave numbers at the reflection and transmission zeros on the real axis; the asymmetry of the resonators completely controls their positions on the imaginary axis. Thus, by adjusting these two independent parameters, we obtain a zero reflection and transmission.

Non-invasive ventilation for cardiogenic shock associated respiratory failure – Striking the perfect balance between risk and benefit

Non-invasive ventilation for cardiogenic shock associated respiratory failure – Striking the perfect balance between risk and benefit

Nutrient Analysis of Different Media Used for Nursery Production

An experiment was conducted in the Soil testing laboratory PLANTICA – Indian Academy of Rural Development, Dehradun during January – July 2023, which focused on the nutrient analysis of various growing media for nursery development. Growing media is a crucial component of nursery cultivation as it aids in the growth and development of plants. Different types of growing media are used, and one of them is soil-based media, which is a mixture of different materials with soil being the primary component. In this trial, a mixture of soil, sand, vermicompost, and cocopeat was used to create growing media with different ratios. In this experiment completely randomized design (CRD) was used, in which soil and sand were mixed together to form one treatment, while cocopeat and vermicompost were mixed with soil and sand in different ratios, resulting in a total of 13 treatments with 4 replications each. The treatments for this experiment were, as follows: T1 - soil, T2 - soil + sand (1:1), T3 - soil + sand + cocopeat (1:1:1), T4 - soil + sand + cocopeat (1:1:2), T5 - soil + sand + cocopeat (1:1:3), T6 - soil + sand + vermicompost (1:1:1), T7 - soil + sand + vermicompost (1:1:2), T8 - soil + sand + vermicompost (1:1:3), T9 - soil + sand + cocopeat + vermicompost (1:1:1:1), T10 - soil + sand + cocopeat + vermicompost (1:1:1:3), T11 - soil + sand + cocopeat + vermicompost (1:1:2:1), and T12 - soil + sand + cocopeat + vermicompost (1:1:3:1). To analyse the nutritive value of the growing media, NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), organic carbon, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and water holding capacity were measured. The most suitable treatments for nursery n cultivation were found to be T9 (soil, sand, cocopeat, and vermicompost with a ratio of 1:1:1:1) and T11 (soil, sand, cocopeat, and vermicompost with a ratio of 1:1:1:3). These treatments had the perfect balance of soil, sand, vermicompost, and cocopeat, providing all the necessary nutrients required by the plants. T9 was particularly suitable for nursery beds due to its high phosphorus content, which is beneficial for root development. On the other hand, T11 was the best choice for growing media after transplanting the saplings as it contained a high nitrogen content, which promotes foliage development.

Institutional dynamics and corporate innovation: A pathway to sustainable development

AbstractModern corporate success is primarily reliant on a perfect balance of institutional effectiveness, innovation, and sustainability. Therefore, the primary goal of this research is to evaluate the impact of institutional frameworks on corporate innovation in developing countries. To achieve the said objective, we use firm and country data from multiple sources, and the final dataset consists of 24,166 observations from 41 developing countries during 2014–2018. For the analysis, we employ ordered probit and instrumental variable ordered probit regression models. According to the results, the success of corporate innovation in developing countries hinges on the strength of legal, financial, administrative, political, and religious institutions. Moreover, such associations stand out more clearly in nations with strong and stable institutional frameworks. The regression results show that innovative enterprises are more prevalent in strong institutional environments compared to those in poor institutional environments. These results also indicate that a strong rule of law, protection of property rights, easy access to financing, developed financial markets, an ethical environment, control of corruption, a stable political system, a democratic government, religious diversity, and freedom all contribute to corporate innovation. Moreover, institutional efficiency and corporate viability fuel the engine of corporate innovation, encouraging enterprises to create game‐changing products and services. These results contribute to the field of innovation management by considering institutional settings for sustainable development. The results have practical applications for building robust institutions and a creative culture.

Robust Watermarking Using FFT and Cordic QR Techniques

Digital media sharing and access in today’s world of the internet is very frequent for every user. The management of digital rights may come into threat easily as the accessibility of data through the internet become wide. Sharing digital information under security procedures can be easily compromised due to the various vulnerabilities floating over the internet. Existing research has been tied to protecting internet channels to ensure the safety of digital data. Researchers have investigated various encryption techniques to prevent digital rights management but certain challenges including external potential attacks cannot be avoided that may give unauthorized access to digital media. The proposed model endorsed the concept of watermarking in digital data to uplift media security and ensure digital rights management. The system provides an efficient procedure to conduct over-watermarking in digital audio signals and confirm the avoidance of ownership of the host data. The proposed technique uses a watermark picture as a signature that has been initially encrypted with Arnold's cat map and cyclic encoding before being embedded. The upper triangular R-matrix component of the energy band was then created by using the Fast Fourier transform and Cordic QR procedures to the host audio stream. Using PN random sequences, the encrypted watermarking image has been embedded in the host audio component of the R-matrix. The same procedure has been applied to extract the watermark image from the watermarked audio. The proposed model evaluates the quality of the watermarked audio and extracted watermark image. The average PSNR of the watermarked audio is found to be 37.01 dB. It has also been seen that the average PSNR, Normal cross-correlation, BER, SSMI (structure similarity index matric) value for the extracted watermark image is found to be 96.30 dB, 0.9042 units, 0.1033 units, and 0.9836 units respectively. Further, the model has been tested using various attacks to check its robustness. After applying attacks such as noising, filtering, cropping, and resampling on the watermarked audio, the watermark image has been extricated and its quality has been checked under the standard parameters. It has been found that the quality of the recovered watermark image satisfying enough to justify the digital ownership of the host audio. Hence, the proposed watermarking model attains a perfect balance between imperceptibility, payload, and robustness.

A novel spring gravity-balance method for spatial articulated manipulators without auxiliary links

Previous studies developed spring-gravity balancing methods for articulated manipulators using auxiliary links. However, these links caused extra inertia and motion interference. To address these issues, a spring balancing method based on the quadratic form was proposed. In this form, matrix components represent the energy change due to the manipulator's posture, i.e., stiffnesses. Gravity balancing can be simplified as the summation of matrices that remain unchanged. However, the matrix component contains the polar angles, which can only describe the links’ direction on a plane, thus making this form applicable only to planar manipulators. To extend its applicability to spatial manipulators, we have reformulated it using local coordinates to describe the manipulator's posture in space. The improved quadratic form can be applied to both planar and spatial manipulators, unifying energy representations of articulated manipulators. By arranging the springs to maintain a constant summation of matrices, energy balance is achieved. The criteria of spring attachment and the rules of using springs are proposed. Simulation of a spatial four-link manipulator show perfect balance can be achieved without auxiliary links using our approach.

The minimum concentration of points in sports leagues without ties

We analyse the distribution of results that leads to the lowest level of concentration of within-season points, as measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, in sports leagues where individual matches cannot result in ties. Typically, the minimum concentration level is considered to be when teams have equal shares of points, but this may not always be feasible. We develop appropriate expressions for the minimum concentration measure in such scenarios and evaluate the accuracy of using the equal distribution assumption. The error involved in using this assumption is a decreasing function of the number of teams in the league and increases the closer the level of competition is to perfect balance. Use of the incorrect minimum concentration can lead to substantial overestimation of the normalized concentration index.

The vertical and horizontal dimensions in the social construction of leadership: A case study on the social media followers of the Croatian politicians Zoran Milanović and Miro Bulj

This research examines the social construction of political leadership by social media followers of two Croatian politicians, president Zoran Milanović, and the mayor of Sinj, Miro Bulj, within the context of celebrity politics and populism. Through the interaction between theory and analysis, we integrate elements that construct leadership into what we distinguish as vertical (extraordinary) and horizontal (ordinary) dimensions, adding populism as an element of both dimensions. This analysis is grounded in the qualitative content analysis of 20 interviews with the two politicians’ Facebook followers, empirically showing that neither one of the elements is dominating the construction of leadership, putting the focus on the importance of the balance between the dimensions of verticality and horizontality, with modesty allowing for the mediation between the extraordinary and the ordinary. Equally important is the followers position that a perfect balance between verticality and horizontality (and a perfect leader) cannot be achieved. In short, leadership is shown to be paradoxical but not contradictory, as it is an always imperfect reconciliation of the horizontal and vertical dimensions.

Bhandari’s Rhetoric in the 1990s Political Dynamics: Institutionalizing Democracy in Nepal

Rhetoric can be described as an art of persuasion, encompassing both words and actions. It is associated with the relationship between an addresser and an addressee in the process of communication. In the early post-1990 era in Nepal, CPN (UML) Secretary General Madan Bhandari emerged as a popular leader with his political philosophy of People’s Multiparty Democracy (PMPD), effectively employing the art of rhetoric to connect with a diverse audience. The rhetorical analysis of Bhandari’s speeches, which covered topics such as monarchy, constitution, parliamentary elections, and the Tanakpur Treaty, had a profound impact on shaping the Nepali psyche. Using rhetorical appeals – logos, pathos, and ethos – Bhandari brilliantly persuaded the intended audience in the post-democracy Nepali society early in the 1990s. Exploiting myths and metaphors, and repetitions and parallelism, Bhandari skillfully projected a sense of hope and expectation amidst contemporary political exigencies. Bhandari’s rhetoric contained substantial democratic values and ideas for socio-economic transformation, which deeply inspired the newly liberated Nepali psyche. With a high level of respect for his audiences, he envisioned a future course of progress and prosperity for Nepal embedded in the principles of People’s Multiparty Democracy, all within the context of global political dynamics. Through a perfect balance of rhetoric and reality, Bhandari not only instilled new hope in the Nepali people but also created an image of an iconic leader dedicated to the welfare of the country and its people. As an innovative political philosophy, PMPD resonates with democratic practice in the Marxist philosophy for the masses that earned him the status of a hero in contemporary Nepali politics, relevant now, and directed to continue for decades in the South Asian geopolitical sphere.

Leveraging Minimum Nodes for Optimum Key Player Identification in Complex Networks: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Strategy with Structured Reward Shaping

The problem of finding key players in a graph, also known as network dismantling, or network disintegration, aims to find an optimal removal sequence of nodes (edges, substructures) through a certain algorithm, ultimately causing functional indicators such as the largest connected component (GCC) or network pair connectivity in the graph to rapidly decline. As a typical NP-hard problem on graphs, recent methods based on reinforcement learning and graph representation learning have effectively solved such problems. However, existing reinforcement-learning-based key-player-identification algorithms often need to remove too many nodes in order to achieve the optimal effect when removing the remaining network until no connected edges remain. The use of a minimum number of nodes while maintaining or surpassing the performance of existing methods is a worthwhile research problem. To this end, a novel algorithm called MiniKey was proposed to tackle such challenges, which employs a specific deep Q-network architecture for reinforcement learning, a novel reward-shaping mechanism based on network functional indicators, and the graph-embedding technique GraphSage to transform network nodes into latent representations. Additionally, a technique dubbed ‘virtual node technology’ is integrated to grasp the overarching feature representation of the whole network. This innovative algorithm can be effectively trained on small-scale simulated graphs while also being scalable to large-scale real-world networks. Importantly, experiments from both six simulated datasets and six real-world datasets demonstrates that MiniKey can achieve optimal performance, striking a perfect balance between the effectiveness of key node identification and the minimization of the number of nodes that is utilized, which holds potential for real-world applications such as curbing misinformation spread in social networks, optimizing traffic in transportation systems, and identifying key targets in biological networks for targeted interventions.

A Coupled‐Dipolar Plasmonic Antenna for Enhanced and Directional Emission from a Single NV Center at the Generalized Kerker Condition

AbstractPlasmonic antennas are widely used to achieve substantial emission rate enhancement. These antennas suffer from significant absorption losses that preclude the observation of Kerker conditions in such systems. The perfect balancing of the Mie‐scattering moments in an antenna at the generalized Kerker condition provides radiation directionality to its far‐field scattering pattern and zero absorption losses, a situation not achievable for a plasmonic system. Here, using both theoretical and computational approaches, the superposition of Mie‐scattering moments induced by coupling two individual silver (Ag) cylinders in a coupled‐dipolar plasmonic antenna is discussed. This results in the balancing of multipolar moments to a large extent with unidirectional scattering and hence the generalized Kerker condition in a plasmonic system. By placing a nanodiamond‐based single NV‐ center in the plasmonic gap‐cavity formed between the two Ag cylinders, >300 times Purcell enhancement is achieved with improved emission directionality leading to 80% collection efficiency. The proposed coupled‐dipolar plasmonic antenna is well suited for generating bright single photon emissions with a GHz emission rate, which is helpful for quantum photonic applications.