Motility Percentage Of Spermatozoa Research Articles

Characterization and seminal cryopreservation of three species of birds of prey.

Assisted reproduction techniques in birds have contributed to many species' conservation and sustainable use. One of these techniques is semen cryopreservation, which is possible following the discovery of suitable cryoprotectants. This study aimed to characterize the fresh and post-thaw ejaculates of different species of birds of prey. The following species were included in the study: red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) n=3, golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) n=3, and Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) n=3. Twenty-five ejaculates were obtained for each species. The percentage of spermatozoa motility, viability, and morphology were evaluated. Evident differences were observed among the ejaculates of the three species, particularly in sperm length and between the fresh and post-thaw parameters of the same species in which the motility reduced to approximately 40% after thawing. It was demonstrated that sperm cryopreservation of the studied species was possible using the same freezing protocol. This study showed that sperm characteristics could influence the parameters obtained during their in vitro conservation, both in the fresh and post-thaw states.

In vivo and in vitro aging of common carp Cyprinus carpio sperm after multiple hormonal application and stripping of males

The present study was designed to evaluate sperm phenotypic variables during in vivo and in vitro storage following multiple sperm stripping in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Each male was injected 3 times with carp pituitary 3days apart. Sperm was stored in vivo in the body cavity for 0.5days (Fresh sperm) and 3days (Old sperm) after hormonal stimulation. Then sperm was collected and diluted with a carp extender at a ratio of 1:1, and stored in vitro on ice for 0, 3, and 6days. The phenotypic parameters, including the number of total motile spermatozoa, number of fast motile spermatozoa, number of motile spermatozoa, percentage of fast motile spermatozoa, and percentage of spermatozoa motility were the major components of principal component analysis (PCA). In general, Fresh sperm from the first stripping showed slightly better quality than Old sperm from the second and third stripping, especially in the phenotypic parameters of a number of total spermatozoa and a number of total motile spermatozoa (P < 0.05). The highest kinetic and quantitative spermatozoa variables were obtained in Fresh and Old sperm just after sperm collection (0-day storage in vitro), and then they were decreased during the period of in vitro storage up to 6days (P < 0.05). However, the fertilization, hatching, and malformation rates from Fresh sperm were similar compared with the Old sperm. Sperm could be stripped 0.5days post hormonal treatment and stored in vitro up to 6days with good fertilization performance (fertility, hatching, and malformation rates were 92.5%, 91.5%, and 1.3%, respectively). Therefore, our results suggested that multiple hormonal treatments with multiple stripping could be used in artificial reproduction in common carp.

The The Efectiveness of Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) Leaves Extract Inclusion Skim Milk-Egg Yolk Extender on Motility and Viability of Aceh Cattle Spermatozoa during Pre-Freezing and Post-Thawing

The process of semen freezing causes an increase in free radicals concentration which can damage spermatozoa. The addition of natural ingredients in semen diluent is expected to solve this challenges. One of the natural ingredients that can be used is jamblang (Syzygium cumini) leaves. The objective of the current study was to investigate the quality of spermatozoa in Aceh cattle which was added with jamblang leaves extract in skim milk- egg yolk extender during pre-freezing and post-thawing. This study applied Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of J0 = skim milk-egg yolk; J1 = skim milk-egg yolk + jamblang leaves extract 0.2%; J2 = skim milk-egg yolk + jamblang leaves extract 0.4%; J3 = skim milk-egg yolk + jamblang leaves extract 0.6%; and J4 = skim milk-egg yolk + jamblang leaves extract 0.8%. The parameters observed in this study were the percentage of motility and viability of frozen semen of Aceh cattle. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if differences were found, then it would be continued with Duncan's Multiple Distance test. The results showed that the addition of jamblang leaves extract in egg yolk skim milk significantly affected the percentage of motility during pre-freezing and post-thawing, significantly affected spermatozoa viability during pre-freezing and significantly affected the spermatozoa viability during post-thawing. J3 treatment (jamblang leaves extract 0.6 gram/100 ml) it should be higher than the other treatment, where the percentage of motility at pre-freezing and post-thawing were 55.48% and 52.71%, respectively, and the percentage of viability during pre-freezing and post-thawing were 56.59% and 53.94%, respectively. It was concluded that the addition of jamblang leaves extract in the skim milk-egg yolk extender affected the percentage of spermatozoa motility and viability of Aceh cattle during pre-freezing and post-thawing.

In vitro effect of ferrous sulphate on bovine spermatozoa motility parameters, viability and Annexin V-labeled membrane changes.

The aim of this study was to assess the dose- and time-dependent in vitro effects of ferrous sulphate (FeSO4.7H2O) on the motility parameters, viability, structural and functional activity of bovine spermatozoa. Spermatozoa motility parameters were determined after exposure to concentrations (3.90, 7.80, 15.60, 31.20, 62.50, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μM) of FeSO4.7H2O using the SpermVisionTM CASA (Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer) system in different time periods. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the Annexin V-Fluos was applied to detect the membrane integrity of spermatozoa. The initial spermatozoa motility showed increased average values at all experimental concentrations compared to the control group (culture medium without FeSO4.7H2O). After 2 h, FeSO4.7H2O stimulated the overall percentage of spermatozoa motility at the concentrations of ≤ 125 μM. However, experimental administration of 250 μM of FeSO4.7H2O significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the spermatozoa motility but had no negative effect on the cell viability (P < 0.05) (Time 2 h). The lowest viability was noted after the addition of ≥ 500 μM of FeSO4.7H2O (P < 0.001). The concentrations of ≤ 62.50 μM of FeSO4.7H2O markedly stimulated (P < 0.001) spermatozoa activity after 24 h of exposure, while at high concentrations of ≥ 500 μM of FeSO4.7H2O the overall percentage of spermatozoa motility was significantly inhibited (P < 0.001) and it elicited cytotoxic action. Fluorescence analysis confirmed that spermatozoa incubated with higher concentrations (≥ 500 μM) of FeSO4.7H2O displayed apoptotic changes, as detected in head membrane (acrosomal part) and mitochondrial portion of spermatozoa. Moreover, the highest concentration and the longest time of exposure (1000 μM of FeSO4.7H2O; Time 6 h) induced even necrotic alterations to spermatozoa. These results suggest that high concentrations of FeSO4.7H2O are able to induce toxic effects on the structure and function of spermatozoa, while low concentrations may have the positive effect on the fertilization potential of spermatozoa.

The Influence of Breed and Type of Extender on the Quality of Bull Semen

This study aimed to determine the influence of breed and type of extenders on frozen semen quality of cows at BIB Lembang. The experimental study was conducted in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was four cow breeds, i.e. Ongole Cross (PO), Brahman (BR), Simmental (SM) and Limousin (LM), and the second factor was two types of extender, i.e. Skim-Egg Yolk (SKT) and AndroMed® (AND), all repeated four times. The observed variables were percentage of spermatozoa motility and intact plasma membrane (IPM). All data obtained were analyzed using a general linear model (IBM SPSS ver. 23). The results demonstrated an interaction between breed and the type of diluent to motility. Breeds showed significantly different motility but non-significantly different intact plasma membrane (MPU) of semen. The type of diluent did not significantly affect motility and intact plasma membrane (MPU) of the frozen semen. The effect of the breed on BR motility was lower and significantly different from PO, LM and SM. The types of diluent did not significantly affect motility, MPU. The results showed that SKT was lower than AND, it was indicative effect of breed on intact plasma membrane (MPU) PO was lower than BR, LM and SM and the effect of the type of diluent on whole plasma membrane (MPU) AND is lower than SKT. It can be concluded that breed influences the motility of semen. The lowest motility reduction in frozen semen is Brahman cattle by using skim-egg yolk extender.

The effect of siam orange (Citrus nobilis Lour.) and pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) juices combination in extender on Garut Ram (Ovis aries L.) spermatozoa quality post-cryopreservation

The research aimed to find out the effect of various concentrations of siam orange (Citrus nobilis Lour.) and pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) juices combination (1:1) in extender on garut ram (Ovis aries L.) spermatozoa quality 24 hours post-cryopreservation. Semen samples were collected from five Garut Rams once a week using an artificial vagina. The samples were diluted in Tris-egg yolk extender with siam orange and pineapple juices combination 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %. Diluted semen samples were loaded into mini straws (0.25 mL) with 50 million cells/ml dosage. Samples were equilibrated at 5°C for two hours, then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. The one factor ANOVA and continued with Duncan test showed a significant differences (P<0.05) between control and sample with 10 % juices combination in the percentage of spermatozoa motility and membrane integrity, a significant difference (P<0.05) between control and sample with 5 % along with 10 % juices combination in the percentage of spermatozoa viability. Siam orange and pineapple juices combination 10% in extender was able to minimize the reduction of spermatozoa quality post-cryopreservation based on the percentage of spermatozoa motility (68.06 ± 2.34 %), viability (41.47 ± 6.64 %) and membrane integrity (46.00 ± 5.65 %).

Pengaruh suhu pada proses thawing terhadap kualitas spermatozoa sapi PO

The potential of PO cattle in Merauke is quite high, this is the basis for the government to establish Merauke as one of the regions in eastern Indonesia as a center for beef cattle breeding. Efforts to increase population are carried out by utilizing reproductive technology in the form of artificial insemination (IB). IB failure can be caused by a number of factors including low quality of semen, unskilled inseminators and inaccurate detection of lust. The low quality factor of frozen semen can be caused by the post thawing process which affects the motility and viability. Therefore this study aims to determine the effect of different temperatures in the field on the quality of post thawing semen. The method used in the form of macroscopic test of semen quality includes Motility, viability and abnormality The results showed that the thawing process with a temperature of 38oC for 30 seconds was the best time and the percentage of spermatozoa motility and viability reached 65.2% ± 0.5 and 72.2% ± 0.4. The conclusion of this study is that the best temperature in the post thawing process for PO frozen semen is 38oC for 30 seconds, and this result is normal in accordance with Indonesian national standards for frozen semen.&#x0D;

Penambahan Madu Dalam Pengenceran Sperma Untuk Meningkatkan Motilitas Spermatozoa, Fertilisasi dan Daya Tetas Telur Ikan Lele (Clarias sp)

The research intended to determine the optimal concentration of honey supplemented in sperm dilution to improve sperm motility, fertilization and eggs hatchability of catfish (Clarias sp). Experimental design used was a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments each with three replications. The concentration of honey used astreatments were A (0 mL + 100 mL of physiological NaCl), B (0.60 mL + 99.40 mL of physiological NaCl), C (0.65 mL + 99.35 mL of physiological NaCl), D (0.70 mL + 99.30 mL of physiological NaCl). Parent used consisted of one female with 1.5 kg weight and the male parent with 1 kg weight. Sperm dilution containers used was 12 plastic cups and the container fertilization and hatching eggs container used was 12 brass plates. Spermatozoa motility observation performed immediately after dilution process. Fertilization observation was performed after 12 hours of fertilization process, and egg hatchability observation was performed after 60 hours of fertilization. The research results showed that the addition of honey in sperm dilution contributed significant effect on spermatozoa motility, fertilization and eggs hatchability. The addition of 0.70 mL honey in sperm dilution was the best indicated by the average percentage of spermatozoa motility 83.33%, fertilization 82.50% and eggs hatchability 79.67%. Keywords: Honey, sperm dilution, spermatozoa motility, fertilization, eggs hatchability.

EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA QUALITY OF ETAWA CROSSBREED GOAT IN TRIS EXTENDER SUPPLEMENTED WITH VARIOUS LACTOSE CONCENTRATIONS

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of various concentrations of lactose supplementation in Tris extender for maintaining the quality of Etawa crossbreed goat epididymal spermatozoa stored at 3-5° C. Semen in the control group was diluted with a tris extender containing 20% egg yolk without lactose. Semen in the test groups was diluted with a tris extender containing 20% egg yolk and added with 0.3% (0.3 g per 100 mL extender) and 0.6% lactose for group TL1 and TL2, respectively. Parameters evaluated of the fresh epididymal spermatozoa were motility, concentration, percentage of live, and abnormality of spermatozoa, while for diluted-spermatozoa were motility and percentage of live spermatozoa. Spermatozoa observation was conducted until it reaches 40% motility. The results showed that the mean percentage of motility, live sperm, concentration, and abnormality of epididymal spermatozoa were 70%; 81%; 3,220x106 cells/mL; and 4.30%, respectively in all group. After dilution, the percentage of motility and live spermatozoa were also 70% and 81.00±1.58%, respectively in all groups. The decreasing of spermatozoa motility was observed on day 4 of storage, in which percentage of spermatozoa motility in control group (40.00±0.00%) was significantly lower (P0.05) than those in TL1 (44.00±2.24%) and TL2(45.00±0.00%) groups. Percentage of live spermatozoa in control (63.20±2.68%) was not significantly different (P0.05) than TL1(65.40±1.95%) and TL2 (65.60±1.95%). In conclusion, the supplementation of lactose into Tris extender could maintain the epididymal spermatozoa of Etawa crossbreed for 3 days of storage at 3-5° C.

PENGARUH METODE PENCUCIAN SPERMATOZOA SAPI ACEH TERHADAP MOTILITAS, PERSENTASE HIDUP, DAN INTEGRITAS MEMBRAN PLASMA UTUH SPERMATOZOA (The Infuence of Aceh Bull Spermatozoa Washing Method on Spermatozoa Motility and Plasma Membrane Integrity of Intact Spermatozoa)

This study aimed to determine the effect of sperm washing by swim up and centrifugation in isotonic medium on sperm quality of aceh bull. In this study, fresh semen from healthy male aceh bull aged 3-4 months was collected using artificial vagina. Immediately after semen collection, fresh semen quality was examined macroscopically and microscopically. Subsequently, sperm washing was performed by centrifugation and swim up in sperm washing medium. Group 1 (P0) as control group, cement washed with isotonic solution (andromed medium: saline solution) with ratio of 1:8. 2. Group 2 (P1), cement was separated by centrifugation method, group 3 (P2), all cement was separated by swim up method then examined the sperm quality sperm washing results. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Quality parameters measured were the percentage of spermatozoa motility, sperm viability, and plasma membrane integrity intact spermatozoa. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance one-way pattern, followed by Duncan's multiple test. The results showed the mean ± SD percentage of sperm motility of each treatment group (P0; P1; P2) respectively amounted to 72.00±3.74, 66.40±4.77, and 73.60±3.29%. The percentage of viability was 72.00 ±3.74%, 66.40±2.88%, 71.80±2.17%. The percentage of plasma membrane integrity is intact spermatozoa was 68.20±1.79%, 57.20±3.77%, 69.00±2.00%. Results of this study showed that the percentage of motility, live spermatozoa and plasma membrane integrity intact after separation by swim-up method were significantly different (P &lt;0.05) compared with no separation.Key words: spermatozoa quality, aceh bulls, centrifugation, swim up

The Effect of the Separation of Spermatozoa X and Y Using Swim up Method on the Quality of Etawah Crossbreed Goats Spermatozoa

This research aimed to determine the effect of spermatozoa X and Y separation using swim-up method on the quality of etawah crossbreed goat’s spermatozoa. This research used 6 male etawah crossbreed goats aged between 18-24 months, which were collected the semen once a week using electroejaculator. Immediately after semen collection, the quality of semen was examined, and then grouped into three treatment groups. Group 1 was control group (P0) refers to the semen was not separated by swim-up method. Group 2 (P1) was the semen separated by the swim-up method for 5 minutes. Group 3 (P2) was the semen separated by swim-up method for 10 minutes. Each treatment was repeated six times. Parameters for semen quality examined were the percentage of spermatozoa motility, live spermatozoa, and abnormal spermatozoa. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) one way pattern, followed by Duncan's multiple test. The results showed that the mean ± SD percentage of sperm motility on each treatment groups (P0; P1; P2) was 81.33±3.44, 89.67±3.21, and 90.00±3.10 %, respectively. The percentage of live spermatozoa on each group was 86.50 ± 2.07, 92.33 ± 2.08, and 91.83 ± 1.72%, respectively. The percentage of abnormal spermatozoa on each group was 13.00±2.53, 7.33±2.52, and 7.67±2.16%, respectively. Results of this research showed that the percentages of motility, live spermatozoa, and abnormal spermatozoa after separation by swim-up method were significantly different (P0.05) compared to without separation. It can be concluded that the separation of spermatozoa using swim-up method can improve significantly (P0.05) the percentage of live and motility of spermatozoa and decrease the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa of etawah crossbreed goats.Key words: Etawah crossbreed, spermatozoa quality, swim-up method

Dose- and time-dependent effect of copper ions on the viability of bull spermatozoa in different media

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of copper (Cu) on the motility and viability of spermatozoa in the presence of different culture media. Specifically, we examined the dose- and time-dependent effect of copper ions (Cu2+) on the motility and viability of spermatozoa during different time periods (Time 0 h, 1 h, 24 h). The percentage of motile spermatozoa and progressive motile spermatozoa was determined after exposure to concentrations of 3.9; 7.8; 15.6; 31.2; 62.5; 125; 250; 500; 1000 μM/L of Cu2+ using the Sperm VisionTM CASA (Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer) system. The cell viability was measured by the MTT (metabolic activity) assay. The initial spermatozoa motility in the presence of Cu2+ in physiological saline solution (PS) showed slight increased values at doses <31.20 μM/L of Cu2+ compared to the control group. The long-term cultivation (Time 24 h) reduced the average motility values in all experimental groups (P < 0.001) in comparison to the control group. Identical spermatozoa motility was detected for the percentage of progressive motile spermatozoa during all time periods. The culture medium containing 20 % bovine serum albumin (BSA), triladyl and 5 % glucose increased the overall percentage of spermatozoa motility after 1 h of cultivation. A concurrently maintained motility of spermatozoa at doses <62.50 μM/L of Cu2+ during the long-term in vitro cultivation confirms the protective effect of albumin. The cell viability was decreased significantly (P < 0.001) in all experimental groups with copper administration. The obtained data point out that Cu2+ at high doses is a toxic element on the spermatozoa motility, which subsequently disrupts the viability of cells. However, using a suitable culture medium containing an energy component- and protein-rich substrate, the spermatozoa motility could increase.

Separation of bovine spermatozoa proteins using 2D-PAGE revealed the relationship between tektin-4 expression patterns and spermatozoa motility

Poor semen quality has long been associated with bull infertility. However, the molecular basis in spermatozoa cells underlying the mechanisms of bull infertility remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any protein in bovine spermatozoa related to semen quality. Semen samples from 18 Brahman bulls, 3 to 10 yrs of age, were assessed for semen quality in terms of spermatozoa motility and spermatozoa morphology. Spermatozoa extracts were separated using 2D-PAGE followed by staining with Coomassie blue. At least one duplicate gel was performed for each sample. Each gel was scanned with an ImageScanner System and analyzed for spots by ImageMaster 2D platinum software. The related protein spot(s) with semen quality was cut from the gel and identified by LC MS/MS. The results showed that at least 600 protein spots were detected in the spermatozoa extracts of the Brahman bulls. Of all these spots, there were 3 of 56 kDa at pI 6.4, 6.6 and 6.8 (Z1, Z2 and Z3, respectively) that clearly showed different expression pattern among 18 Brahman bulls. Of 18 bulls (a) five showed the presence of spot Z1 and Z2 (pattern A) (b) one of spot Z3 (pattern B) (c) five of spot Z2 and Z3 (pattern C) (d) one of spot Z1 (pattern D) and (e) six of spot Z2 (pattern E). Identification of spot Z1, Z2 and Z3 by LC MS/MS had a similar result as matched to the tektin-4 protein of Bos taurus with a respective score of 171, 557 and 591. The statistical analysis of the 56 kDa protein patterns, tektin-4, indicated a significant effect on spermatozoa motility (P < 0.05) albeit non-significant on spermatozoa morphology. The bulls which showed pattern A had a higher percentage of spermatozoa motility than pattern E (P < 0.05) and not different from pattern C (P > 0.05). The statistical analysis also revealed that the presence of spot Z1 had an effect on the percentage of spermatozoa motility (P < 0.01), whereas the presence of spot Z2 and Z3 had no effect (P > 0.05). The correlation coefficient between the relative protein content of spot Z1 and the percentage of spermatozoa motility was 0.49. Our study demonstrates that the expression patterns of tektin-4 were a proxy for an effect on spermatozoa motility and consequently bull infertility. It may be that these protein patterns can be used as markers for improving bovine reproduction.

Motilitas Spermatozoa Ayam Kampung dalam Pengencer Air Kelapa, NaCl Fisiologis dan Air Kelapa-NaCl Fisiologis pada 25-29°C

Spermatozoa motility of local chicken in coconut water, physiological nacl and physiological nacl-coconut water at 25-29°c)ABSTRACT. This study aimed to determine the effect of coconut water diluent, physiological NaCl and combination of coconut water-physiological NaCl to the survival of chicken spermatozoa at room temperature (25-29°C). Semen was collected from a local chicken of 1.5 years old with weight of 2 kg in massage twice a week. Once evaluated, a good quality semen was divided into 3 treatment groups: coconut water (P1), physiological saline (P2), and its combination (P3) with the addition of 20% egg yolk [(P1) 80:0:20 (P2) 0:80:20 and (P3) 40:40:20] and stored at room temperature. Evaluation of spermatozoa motility conducted every 1 hour until reaching 40% of spermatozoa motility. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with design patterns Split-plot and if there are differences between treatments tested by Duncan's multiple test. The results showed that motility of spermatozoa is significantly different (p 0.05) between storage time and diluent and there are interactions between storage time and diluent. P2 is able to maintain the minimum percentage of inseminated sperm motility (40%) for 4 hours, followed by P3 for 1 hour, and the lowest percentage motility of spermatozoa present in P1 for 0 hours. It can be concluded that the percentage of spermatozoa motility in group P2 is higher than P1 and P3.

Effect of Storage Time of Epididymis at 5 oC on Spermatozoa Quality of Aceh Local Goat

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage time of epididymis at 5 oC on spermatozoa quality of Aceh local goat. This research was conducted at Reproduction Laboratory, FKH Unsyiah from May to June 2009. Nine epididymis from local goat at the age of 1.5-2.0 years were used in this study. The epididymis were collected from abattoir in Banda Aceh. The experimental design used in this study was completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Spermatozoa quality which consist of sperm concentration, motility, amount of life sperm, and sperm abnormality were examined after the collection of epididymis on day 0 (H-0), day 1 (H-1), and day 3 (H-3) post storage at 5 oC. Data were analyzed using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that no significant difference (P0.05) seen in the spermatozoa quality after different storage time. The average of spermatozoa concentration on H-0, H-1, and H-3 were 318x107/ml, 282x107/ml, and 241x107/ml respectively. On the average, the percentage of spermatozoa motility on H-0, H-1, and H-3 were 82,27±2,75; 80,25±2,83; and 78,07±0,92%, respectively. Life spermatozoa observed on H-0, H-1, and H-3 were 82,29±2,71; 80,63±1,87; and 80,09±3,31%, respectively. Observation on spermatozoa abnormality showed that the average of spermatozoa abnormality on H-0, H-1, and H-3 were 7,23±0,27; 8,21±0,55; and 10,75±3,14%, respectively. It could be concluded that the spermatozoa quality were not affected by the storage time at temperature of 5 oC.

The effect of season on the properties of wild boar ( Sus scrofa L.) semen

The objective of the study was to determine the properties of wild boar semen and their changes in annual cycle. During a 14-month study period, 167 ejaculates were sampled from 3 mature boars. In each ejaculate the volume of liquid fraction, percentage of spermatozoa motility, spermatozoa concentration and the total number of spermatozoa were determined. The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the fresh semen plasma was also measured. It was shown that wild boar ejaculates did not differ from those of domestic boars, and the semen of the highest volume, concentration and number of spermatozoa was produced in late autumn. The spermatozoa motility was the lowest in summer. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the semen plasma increased with shortening of the light period.

Relative Viscosity as a Solitary Index for Evaluating the Semen Quality in Crossbred Bull

Abstract Das, P.K., Ghosh, S.P and Ghosh, P.R. 1994. Relative viscosity as a solitary index for evaluating semen quality in crossbred bull. J. Appl. Anim Res., 6: 75–79. The physico-chemical characteristics viz. relative viscosity of semen, motility percentage of spermatozoa, live percentage of spermatozoa, fructose concentration of semen and lactic acid concentration of semen of the Jersey X Hariana crossbred bulls were studied, keeping the semen samples in egg-yolk citrate diluent at room temperature. It revealed that the relative viscosity had a significant (P<0.05 and P<0.01) correlation and above 75% of associationship with both physical and biochemical characteristics of semen at different hours of preservation. It was also observed that the semen could be preserved at room temperature effectively at least upto 6 h though all the characteristics were found to vary significantly (P<0.01) between hours.