Percentage Of Content Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF MICRO-NUTRIENTS COMPOSITION OF COCOYAM (COLOCASIAE ESCULENTA) AND SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L) LEAVES IN MELON SOUP

The study ascertained the micro-nutrient composition of cocoyam and sweet potato leaves in melon soups.The study was conducted to identify vitamins and mineral composition in three types of melon soups. Theinstrument adopted for the study was laboratory analysis of food nutrients using official methods ofAssociation of Official Analytical Chemists. The data for micro nutrients were collected in triplicates fromthe melon soups in the food analysis laboratory, raw triplicate values of each micro nutrient in the soupswere collected and analyzed usingX±SD and ANOVA statistics to test the hypotheses 1 – 4. The findingsrevealed that cocoyam and sweet potato leaves melon soups are as rich as fluted pumpkin leaf melon soup inmicro nutrients, such as vitamin A (Iµ) 16.03: 16.80 while fluted pumpkin 19.88; vitamin C (mg) 26.30:36.89 while fluted pumpkin 28.46; folic acid (mg) 33.44: 40.64 while fluted pumpkin 46.73 among others.For minerals- Na (mg) 29.80: 26.16 while fluted pumpkin 34.19; Fe (mg) 1.41: 1.60 while fluted pumpkin1.24 K (mg) 36.08: 46.46 while fluted pumpkin 34.57; Ca (mg) 11.19: 8.10 while fluted pumpkin 5.88; Mg(mg) 4.62: 3.53 while fluted pumpkin 2.63 among others. The study also showed that there was a significantdifference between the mean values of the micro-nutrients analysis. The study recommended that, theconsumption of cocoyam and sweet potato leaves should be encouraged by families in the country, as wellbe made available in the open market same way the popular vegetables are sold such as fluted pumpkin(Ugu) leaf.

Hg Content Characteristics and Safe Planting Zoning of Paddy Soil and Rice in Guizhou Province

Guizhou Province ranks first in terms of Hg reserves and production in the country, and rice is its largest grain crop. In order to study the characteristics and pollution causes of soil-rice Hg content at the provincial level in Guizhou and to carry out safe planting zoning, 1 564 pairs of soil-rice samples, 470 natural soil samples, and 203 individual paddy soil samples were collected to test their Hg content and basic physical and chemical properties of the soil. The results showed that:① Paddy soil was mainly neutral and acidic, the paddy soil ω (Hg) range was 0.005-93.06 mg·kg-1, and the geometric mean was 0.864 mg·kg-1. The Hg content of paddy soil in Guizhou Province was significantly higher than that in natural soil (0.16 mg·kg-1,P < 0.05). Compared with the filtered value and control value, the soil samples exceeded the standard by 63.25% and 14.71%, respectively. Among them, the soil Hg pollution in Danzhai County of Qiandongnan Prefecture, Wuchuan County of Zunyi City, Zhenfeng County of Qianxinan Prefecture, and Wanshan District of Tongren City was more prominent. ② Rice ω(Hg) ranged from 0.000 5 to 0.52 mg·kg-1, and the geometric mean was 0.010 mg·kg-1, the percentage of rice Hg content exceeding the standard was 25.87%, and the exceeding points were mainly distributed in Suiyang County of Zunyi City, Zhenfeng County of Qianxinan Prefecture, Xixiu District of Anshun City, Bijiang District of Tongren City, and other industrial and mining activity-intensive areas. ③ The majority of the study area was in the priority protection category (74.75%); the safe use category accounted for (24.62%); and the strictly controlled category (0.93%) was scattered in Danzhai County at the border between Qiannan Prefecture and Qiandongnan Prefecture, Zhenfeng County in Qianxinan Prefecture, and Wanshan District in Tongren. It is not recommended to plant rice, which can be used as feed for reproduction.

Investigation of flexural properties of hexagonal boron nitride added thermoplastic composites

In this study, weight percentages (wps) of 0%, 0.5%, 2% hexagonal boron nitrides (hBN) were added to 30 wt.% short glass fiber reinforced Polyamide (PA) 66 matrix (GF30) to fabricate the thermoplastic composite materials. The hBN additives were applied by coating of granules of 30 wt.% short glass fiber reinforced PA 66 (GF30) materials. The hBN coated thermoplastic materials were produced by plastic injection method. The effect of different wps of hBNs on the flexural properties of thermoplastic composites were examined in the produced samples. The produced samples were subjected to three-point bending tests. When looking at the results of the three-point bending tests, the highest increase of flexural properties was obtained in the sample of PA66/GF30/2% hBN added thermoplastic composite. The samples with 2 wt% hBN showed the best flexural properties with an improvement of 85 and 52% flexural modulus and strength, respectively, compared to the samples without hBN (PA66/GF30). According to the obtained results of this study, as the percentage of the hBN weight contents increased, the flexural strengths and flexural modulus increased significantly. It was concluded that hBN coated thermoplastic composite samples demonstrated high improvements of flexural properties at optimum rates of hBN.

Plant In Vitro Cultures of Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. "Electric Lime" and Possibilities of Modification in the Biosynthesis of Volatile Compounds.

Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. is a globally spread species, known for its characteristic spectacularly colorful leaves of decorative value. Thanks to its rich chemical composition, the plant is used in ethnopharmacology, and it is also regarded as having high medicinal potential. The application of in vitro cultures enables the acquisition of homogeneous certified material of high quality. Additionally, excluding the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the plants is a way to fully recognize the influence of phytohormones on the plant morphology and the biosynthetic pathways of compound production. The best way to grow C. scutellarioides "Electric Lime" under in vitro conditions is to use the basic MS medium (Murashige and Skoog medium), enriched with naphthyl-1-acetic acid at a concentration of 0.5 mg dm-3. The analysis of volatile compounds demonstrated that the content of volatile compounds in the plants cultivated under in vivo conditions was expressed at a level of 2848.59 µg g-1, whereas in the plants bred in vitro without supplementation with phytohormones, the level was 8191.47 µg g-1. The highest content was noted for copaene, α-pinene, 1-octene-3-ol, α-selinene, sabinen, γ- and δ-cadinene, 3-octanol, and β-pinene. Aroma profiling revealed a lack of boranyl acetate, 2-hexenal, and 2-hexen-1-ol in the plants cultivated under in vivo conditions. Differences were found in the volatile composition between plants bred in vivo and in vitro, with the most significant recorded for the contents of 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanol. The addition of plant growth regulators into the basic medium under in vitro conditions affected the percentage ratio and contents of specific compounds in plant tissues. The most intense biosynthesis of volatile compounds took place in the plants cultivated on the medium enriched with NAA at 10,579.11 µg g-1, whereas the least intense was noted for plants cultivated on the medium supplemented with BA, where it was recorded at the level of 5610.02 µg g-1. So far, there has been no research published which would pertain to the profiling of volatile compounds performed using the SPME (solid-phase microextraction) technique. Moreover, the very few studies conducted on the chemical composition of these compounds do not mention the specific variety of C. scutellarioides under analysis.

Iron-doped biochar, an agricultural and environmentally beneficial fertilizer.

The utilization of agricultural waste to create value-added goods has benefited waste management while resolving cost-effectiveness and food shortage problems. Returning biochar produced from agricultural waste to the agricultural field is a sustainable method of enhancing crop production while lowering the environmental effect of typical fertilizers. It also enhances soil condition by modulating pH, soil organic carbon, water retention capacity, and soil ion exchange potential. The current work concentrated on the production of iron oxide-loaded biochar from banana peels. Pyrolysis was carried out at temperatures ranging from 400 to 500°C. The co-precipitation technique was utilized to impregnate Fe3O4 nanoparticles on biochar, and it showed to be an effective and trustworthy method. Loading was done in situ. Characterization techniques such as XRD, FTIR, CHNS, and TGA were employed to characterize synthesized materials. Swelling ratio, water retention, absorbance, and equilibrium water content percentage were used to study the adsorption capabilities of Fe3O4-loaded biochar, soil, and raw biochar. As a consequence, Fe3O4-enriched biochar was shown to have better adsorption capability than raw biochar, which in turn showed better adsorption properties than soil. Iron-loaded biochar was employed as a fertilizer in Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra), and the results showed that it is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly fertilizer.

METHANE PRODUCTION FROM COW MANURE IN THE PRESENCE OF Bi(III) COMPLEX OF SULFAMIC ACID

The present study examines the process of biomethanization of cow manure in an anaerobic environment, in the presence of small amounts of Bi(III) complex of sulfamic acid. Since this complex has good antimicrobial activity, the purpose of adding the complex is to determine its effect on biogas and methane production. The reference samples (cow manure only) and mixtures of cow manure + 10 mg and cow manure + 20 mg of bismuth complex with a composition [Bi6O4(OH)4](NH2SO3)6 are subjected to biodegradation under the following conditions – duration of 33 days, nitrogen atmosphere and temperature of 34.5 ± 1°C. During the process, the volume of biogas and the percentage content of methane in biogas are measured in 2 - 3 days as well. The analyses performed reveal that until the 10th day, the amount of biogas produced increases constantly and is comparable both for the control samples and for the mixtures. Further, until the end of the experiment, a significant and constant increase in the volume of biogas produced by the mixtures is observed compared to the control samples.Regarding the percentage of methane produced by the reference samples and the mixtures, comparable relative amounts are found by the 7th day. From the 8th day to the 33rd day, the percentage of methane released by the mixtures is visibly greater than that by the reference samples.

Plant-derived artificial miRNA effectively reduced the proliferation of aphid (Aphidoidea) through spray-induced gene silencing.

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are notorious sap-sucking insects that rampantly threaten agricultural production worldwide. Current management against aphids in the field heavily relies on chemical pesticides, which makes economical and eco-friendly methods urgently needed. Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) offers a powerful and precise approach to pest management. However, the high costs and instability of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) regulators applied for downstream RNA interference (RNAi) still limit this strategy. It remains uncertain if RNAi regulators applied in SIGS could extend to small RNA (sRNA), especially miRNA. We chose two sRNA sequences, miR-9b and miR-VgR, whose corresponding targets ABCG4 and VgR are both essential for aphid growth and development. The efficacy of these sequences was initially verified by chemically synthetic single-stranded RNA (syn-ssRNA). Through spray treatment, we observed a significantly decreased survival number and increased abnormality rate of green peach aphids fed on the host under laboratory conditions. Based on our previous study, we generated transgenic plants expressing artificial miR-9b (amiR-9b) and miR-VgR (amiR-VgR). Remarkably, plant-derived amiRNA exerted potent and long-lasting inhibitory efficacy with merely one percent concentration of chemical synthetics. Notably, the simultaneous application of amiR-9b and amiR-VgR exhibited superior inhibitory efficacy. We explored the potential use of sRNA-based biopesticide through SIGS while investigating the dosage requirements. To optimize this strategy, the utilization of plant-derived amiRNA was proposed. The results suggested that attributed to stability and durability, deploying amiRNA in pest management is a potential and promising solution for the field application. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

PSVI-14 Changes in zinc oxide concentration in feed and effects of probiotic addition to weaning to finishing pig diet by microbiome analysis

Abstract To analyze the implications of dietary zinc oxide (ZnO) with probiotic administration on productivity, fecal index, meat quality characteristics, odorous substances, and microbiome analysis in weaning-finishing pigs, 200 weaned piglets (3 barrows and 2 gilts) were radomly assigned (average body weight = 6.65 ± 0.66 kg) into four treatments with ten repetitions per treatment. The treatments consisted of varying ZnO content (2,500 ppm or 75 ppm) and probiotic percentages (0.1% or 0.3%), as follows: TRT1 (75 ppm ZnO), TRT2 (75 ppm ZnO with 0.3% or 0.1% probiotic), TRT3 (2,500 ppm or 75 ppm ZnO), and TRT4 (2,500 ppm or 75 ppm ZnO with 0.3% or 0.1% probiotic). In comparison with the TRT1 treatment group, the TRT2 and TRT4 treatment groups had greater (P < 0.05) body weight at wk 12, 18, and 22 of the trial and greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain at wk 12, 18, 22, and the overall period (P < 0.05). Additionally, pigs fed ZnO with the probiotic included a diet that reduced (P < 0.05) NH3 and H2S at wk 18 and 22, and CO2 at wk 22, in the TRT2 and TRT4 groups compared with the TRT1 group. However, the fecal score and meat quality exhibited no substantial change (P > 0.05). By incorporating probiotics into the pig diet along with ZnO supplementation, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in alpha diversity and beta diversity, as well as a higher relative abundance of phyla and genera of Firmicutes was found. Furthermore, based on taxonomic analysis, the dietary treatment group (TRT 4) showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in beneficial bacteria (Prevotella, Lactobacillus) while simultaneously reducing (P < 0.05) pathogenic bacteria (Clostridium_sunsu_strico_1, Campylobacteria, Olsenella) compared with the TRT1 treatment group. An improvement in diversity and expansion of the identified taxonomic groups has been associated with healthier gut health. The results indicated that the effects of ZnO with probiotics on the improvement of performance and reduced gas emissions in pigs may be associated with the modulatory effect on the gut microbiome. In conclusion, the current study provides insights into using decreased ZnO with probiotic inclusion as a novel feeding strategy to improve pig gut health and overall performance.

Stepwise extraction of Fe, Si from copper slag and self-assembly synthesis of microspheres for As(V) removal: Resource transformation and environmental governance

Heavy metal pollution control and industrial solid waste management have always been urgent environmental issues. The management of heavy metal pollution through industrial solid waste may be a solution to both problems. In this paper, copper slag (CS) is used as a base material to separate the iron and silicon with a relatively high percentage of content. The Fe-mSiO2/SA (FSA), a microsphere (Φ = 2–3 mm) adsorbent with specific adsorption capacity for As(Ⅴ), was finally synthesized by “Acid leaching & Alkaline extraction & Template synthesis & Gelatinization”. The optimal adsorption conditions were explored using response surface methodology. FSA has a wide range of pH applicability (3–9) and the maximum adsorption capacity is 140.45 mg/g by theoretical calculation. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which indicates that the adsorption process is a surface homogeneous monolayer adsorption controlled by chemisorption mechanism. The synthesis mechanism of FSA was explored by systematic characterization of FSA, and the mechanism of As(Ⅴ) adsorption was elucidated. The −OH and FeOOH formed stable single-tooth or double-tooth complexes with As(Ⅴ) on the surface of FSA. Moreover, the unique spherical structure of FSA facilitates subsequent solid–liquid separation. This study is in line with the concept of economic applicability and “waste for waste”.

Structural and optical properties of highly Ag-doped TiO2 thin films prepared by flash thermal evaporation

The present study investigates the structural and optical properties of silver (Ag)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films prepared via flash thermal evaporation using TiO2 and Ag powders mixture at various mass ratios. The crystallinity and surface morphology of the films were studied by varying the percentage of Ag content. Structural properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while optical properties were assessed through optical transmission spectra analysis. Results indicate that Ag doping enhances crystallinity, as evidenced by XRD and Raman spectroscopy, and induces surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption attributed to Ag nanoparticles. SEM micrographs reveal agglomerated silver particles on the film surface, confirming Ag diffusion during annealing. Surface analysis through Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) measurements illustrated the diffusion of Ag within the TiO2 samples and its subsequent accumulation at the surface. We have suggested that the crystallization observed in the evaporated TiO2-Ag thin films may primarily result from the thermal diffusion of Ag metal rather than the annealing process alone. Optical transmission spectra demonstrate a shift in the absorption edge towards the visible region with increasing Ag concentration, indicating enhanced light absorption properties.

Utilization of drilling waste when drilling wells in the fields of the western oil and gas region of Ukraine

The article analyzes known technological solutions for storage and processing of well drilling waste. The advantage of the solution is the presence of a soil-cement coating. The authors propose to fill the waste repository with alternating layers of drilling mud and fly ash of the Darnytsia Thermal Power Plant. The authors advise to use sorbents for neutralization of petroleum products as needed. It is suggested to introduce the sorbent periodically into the mud storage barn. The thickness of the layers for disposal with the addition of ash was chosen in order to obtain optimal humidity. It is proposed to add ash removed from the Darnytsia Thermal Power Plant when arranging the walls and coating of the mud storage tank from soil cement. When adding 10% of ash by weight of cement, the compressive strength increases by 8.01% on average, and when adding 20% - by 12.57%. The results obtained show that the average compressive strength of soil cement samples increases with an increase in the percentage of fly ash content. The results were compared to samples without additives.

Tibial Cortex Transverse Transport Facilitates Severe Diabetic Foot Wound Healing via HIF-1α-Induced Angiogenesis.

Management of severe diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remains challenging. Tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) facilitates healing and limb salvage in patients with recalcitrant DFUs. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown, necessitating the establishment of an animal model and mechanism exploration. Severe DFUs were induced in rats, then assigned to TTT, sham, or control groups (n=16/group). The TTT group underwent a tibial corticotomy, with 6 days each of medial and lateral transport; the sham group had a corticotomy without transport. Ulcer healing was assessed through Laser Doppler, CT angiography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Serum HIF-1α, PDGF-BB, SDF-1, and VEGF levels were measured by ELISA. The TTT group showed lower percentages of wound area, higher dermis thickness (all p < 0.001 expect for p = 0.001 for TTT vs Sham at day 6) and percentage of collagen content (all p < 0.001) than the other two groups. The TTT group had higher perfusion and vessel volume in the hindlimb (all p < 0.001). The number of CD31+ cells (all p < 0.001) and VEGFR2+ cells (at day 6, TTT vs Control, p = 0.001, TTT vs Sham, p = 0.006; at day 12, TTT vs Control, p = 0.003, TTT vs Sham, p = 0.01) were higher in the TTT group. The activity of HIF-1α, PDGF-BB, and SDF-1 was increased in the TTT group (all p < 0.001 except for SDF-1 at day 12, TTT vs Sham, p = 0.005). The TTT group had higher levels of HIF-1α, PDGF-BB, SDF-1, and VEGF in serum than the other groups (all p < 0.001). TTT enhanced neovascularization and perfusion at the hindlimb and accelerated healing of the severe DFUs. The underlying mechanism is related to HIF-1α-induced angiogenesis.

Mechanical properties of Kenaf and Palmyra Palm leaf stalk fiber reinforced composite

The kenaf fibers and Palmyra palm leaf stalk fibers (PPLSF) fiber were extracted using retting process then the composite was fabricated by Hand lay-up process using chemically treated unidirectional bilayer fibers mat. The fabricated composites undergone with mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, impact test, and hardness. Three types of composites were manufactured by varying the weight percentage of fiber content, the composites were: Kenaf-Palmyra Palm Leaf Stalk-Kenaf Fiber Composite (KPKFC), Palmyra Palm Leaf Stalk-Kenaf-Palmyra Palm Leaf Stalk Fiber Composite (PKPFC), and Palmyra Palm Leaf Stalk-Kenaf Fiber Composite (PKFC). The KPKFC and PKPFC had shown significant mechanical properties. The maximum tensile and impact strength was found for PKPFC, the tensile and impact strength was 10.60 MPa and 17.37 J/cm2 respectively. The PKPFC had almost 60.18% and 66.72% more tensile and impact strength than KPKFC respectively. The highest flexural strength was obtained for KPKFC and flexural strength was 19.38 MPa. The KPKFC had 49.12% more flexural strength than PKPFC. The maximum hardness was obtained for KPKFC and the hardness was 25.4 Shore D.

Development and validation of home-based psychosocial self-management interventions in schizophrenia and related disorders in low-resource settings: A mixed methods approach.

Psychosocial interventions, crucial for recovery in patients with schizophrenia, have often been developed and tested in high income countries. We aimed at developing and validating home-based a booklet based psycho-social intervention with inputs from stakeholders: patients, families, and mental health professionals (MHP) for patients with schizophrenia and related disorders in low resource settings. We developed a preliminary version of psychosocial intervention booklets based on six themes derived from focus group discussions conducted with patients, families, and MHP. Initially, quantitative assessment of content validity was done by MHP on overall and Content Validity Index of individual items of the specific booklets, followed by in-depth interviews about their views. The booklets were modified based on their inputs. Further, pilot testing of manuals was done on the users - nine pairs of patients and caregivers followed by development of a final version of psycho-social intervention. The percentage content validity of individual modules and overall booklets was ≥78.5% indicating good validity. Most MHP reported that the manuals were relevant and easy to use but were text-heavy, and lengthy. On pilot testing of modified manuals with patients and their family caregivers, majority (77.8%) of them found booklets useful and suggested that there should be separate booklets for both patients and caregivers for providing information and entering separate response for the activities, integrating helpful tips. Language should be simple. Finally, two sets of booklets ("info book" and "workbook") named 'Saksham' (meaning empowered) were created with specific modules (viz., 'Medicine adherence', 'Daily routine', 'Eating right', 'Physical activity', 'Physical health monitoring', 'Self-reliance', and 'Psychoeducation') for patients and caregivers each, in two languages (Hindi and English). Booklets with modules for psychosocial interventions for patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers were developed after establishing content validity and pilot testing.

Wpływ temperatury złożowej i elementów składowych na parametry reologiczne emulsji wodno-ropnych

This article investigates the correlation between freezing temperature, viscosity, and oil deposit levels in samples from the Muradkhanli and Surakhany fields, as well as in model oils created under laboratory conditions, both in commodity and emulsion forms. The focus is on the influence of asphaltene-resin-paraffin compounds, the primary components of these samples. Laboratory experiments were conducted at temperatures of 10°C, 20°C, 40°C, and 60°C, utilizing crude oil samples with dilution levels ranging from 5% to 40% for emulsified oil. Freezing temperatures and viscosity values were determined using established standard methods, while the amount of paraffin deposits was assessed through the "Cold finger test" method. Analysis of numerous experiments revealed that freezing temperature, viscosity of water-oil emulsions, and paraffin deposit levels formed on cold surfaces primarily hinge on the temperature of emulsion formation and the water content percentage. It was also observed that water content affects the rheological properties of emulsions formed at 10°C and 20°C, while freezing temperature undergoes minimal changes. An increase in water content leads to heightened viscosity. However, in water-oil emulsions formed at 40°C and 60°C, rheological parameters exhibit different trends. Emulsions formed at 40°C demonstrate maximum freezing temperatures, accompanied by increased asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits and viscosity across the temperature spectrum. Conversely, water-oil emulsions formed at 60°C exhibit minimal freezing temperatures, deposit content, and viscosity values. Thus, the analysis of water-oil emulsion group composition indicates that these emulsions are mainly stabilized and rendered stable by the presence of asphaltene-resin components.

A Study of the Antioxidizing and Inhibiting Effects of the Alcoholic Extract of Sage Salvia Officinalis on Microorganisms

Objectives: A study of the antioxidizing and inhibiting effects of the sage salvia officinalis on microorganisms. Methods: Chemical constituents of sage leaves the percentage of the 98% ethanol extract of sage was 5.8% prepared in concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml, Antioxidizing and inhibiting effects on microorganisms, and sensory characteristics of the sage added biscuits. Results: Scanning electron microscope images, the structure of powder sage leaves which appear as long tubes and round crystals, Hight percent concentration of minerals carbon and oxygen while low concentrations of (Zn, Al, Na, Mg, Si, K, Co, Ca, and Ce) were also found. the percentage of the moisture, protein, fat and ash (11.09, 6.89, 13.14, 9.64) % respectively, the inhibition effect of sage leaves ethanol extract prepared in concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml on three bacteria and fungi species of disc method. maximum effect on all three bacteria species Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. was found with the concentration 50 and 100 mg/ml. compared with 150 and 200 mg/ml. It has been found that the 150 mg/ml concentration has the most inhibition effect on the three species of fungi studied Aspergillus niger, A. carbonarius, A. flavus. All extract concentration inhibited A. flavus, it was that the antioxidant activity, iron ion bonding, reducing power and the ability capture the hydrogen peroxide of sage ethanol extract increases with high concentrations. Peroxide values decreased with increased sage added biscuits percentage (0, 0.5, 0,75 and 1) w/w% in stored for periods. However, the sensory characteristics of the sage added biscuits samples were good and close to the standard biscuit control. Conclusions: Finally, we conclude that the sage plant has medicinal and nutritional benefits due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Evaluation of salinity-mediated end-point cytogenotoxicity in Germinating Roots of Lathyrus sativus L., Variety Mahatora.: Bio-assay guided biomarker studies

Pulse crops are susceptible to salt stress as per different research reports but how far Lathyrus sativus L., responds to increasing salinity has been taken up in this work. Thus, the harmful effects of increasing salinity on plant cells at various phases of chromosomal integrity and nucleolus morphology have been evaluated in Lathyrus sativus L., variety Mahatora. Lathyrus sativus variety Mahatora seeds were subjected to seed priming with serially diluted concentrations of NaCl (500, 400, 300, 200 and 100 mM respectively) and germination percentage (72 hrs), root length inhibition (7 days) normal and abnormal MI (Mitotic Index) with 2% aceto-orcein staining, nucleolar morphometric cum frequency analysis (0.05% hematoxylin), total protein, POX and Electrolyte leakage from etiolated roots and root metabolic activity/dehydrogenase activity were measured (TTC staining). From 200 mM onwards, significant reduction in germination percentage and root length inhibition resulted and at 300 and 400 mM salt-priming significant reduction in normal MI%, increased Abnormal MI% showing both aneugenic and clastogenic responses were accounted. At 500 mM pre-exposed root tip cells were found to develop gradual blackening and root tip death and very less viable cells with highly necrotic, vacuolated with chromosomal erosions and nuclear dismantling and nuclear blobbing resulted apoptosis in addition to decreased POX and dehydrogenase activity (300–500 mM NaCl-treated test sets). NaCl stands out as a potential cyto-genotoxicant in Lathyrus sativus L., variety Mahatora. The maximum tolerance level (200–300 mM) and at 400–500 mM NaCl has been highly cytotoxic as per cytological and biochemical data. From 200 mM onwards, nucleolar volume and frequency were altered and at 500 mM pretreatment complete degradation of nuclear machinery was encountered. Out of salinity significant proportions of C-mitosis and polyploidy showing NaCl has a disruptive action in spindle fibre formation that in turn produced somatic diads and subsequent polyploidy formations (At 200 to 300 mM).

Appropriate Stubble Height Can Effectively Improve the Rice Quality of Ratoon Rice.

Ratoon rice, the cultivation of a second crop from the stubble after the main harvest, is recognized as an eco-friendly and resource-saving method for rice production. Here, a field experiment was carried out in the Yangtze River region to investigate the impact of varying stubble heights on the grain quality of ratoon rice, as well as to compare the grain quality between the main and ratoon season. This study, which focused on 12 commonly cultivated rice varieties, conducted a comprehensive analysis assessing milling characteristics, appearance, and cooking quality. The results show that ratoon rice crops exhibited a higher milled rice rate and head rice rate compared to the main rice crops. Conversely, chalky rice percentage, chalkiness degree, and amylose content were lower in ratoon rice crops. Principal component analysis grouped eight relevant quality indicators of rice quality which were concentrated into three categories, with amylose content identified as the key indicator of rice quality for distinguishing between different stubble heights. Random forest results reveal a robust and significant correlation between appearance quality index and amylose content. Subordinate function analysis indicated that a stubble height of 30 cm resulted in optimal rice quality, with Lingliangyou 211 exhibiting the highest quality and Xiangzao Xian 32 the lowest. Overall, our study suggests that ratoon rice crops generally outperform main rice crops in terms of quality, with the optimal measurement at a stubble height of 30 cm. This study holds substantial importance for selecting appropriate stubble heights for ratoon rice crops and enhancing overall rice quality.

Physicochemical and nutritional profiles of wild adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi Linn) accessions by GC, FTIR, and spectrophotometer

Purpose of current study was to determine physicochemical, triglyceride composition, and functional groups of wild adlay accessions (brown, black, yellow, grey, green, off white, and purple) to find out its scope as cereal crop. Triglycerides, minerals and functional groups were determined through Gas chromatography, spectrophotometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer respectively. Results revealed variation among bulk densities, specific densities, percent empty spaces, and corresponding grain counts per 10 g of sample are useful in distinguishing brown, black, yellow, grey, green, off white, and purple wild adlay accessions. Specific density and grain count per 10 g sample was significantly related. No statistical relationship exists among the pronounced physical characteristics. Brown adlay expressed the highest protein, fat, and fiber contents 15.82%, 4.76% and 2.37% respectively. Protein, fat, ash, and fiber percent contents were found comparable to cultivated adlay. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed macro elements including phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium in the range 0.3% - 2.2% and micro elements boron, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese in the range 1.6 mg/kg - 20.8 mg/kg. Gas chromatography showed polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) constitute the primary fraction (39% ± 7.2) of wild adlay triglycerides. Linoleic and palmitic acids were present as prominent fatty acids, 43.5% ±1.4 and 26.3% ±1.4 respectively. Infra-red frequencies distinguished functional groups in narrow band and fingerprint region of protein in association with out of plane region leading to structural differences among adlay accessions. Comparison of major distinguishing vibrational frequencies among different flours indicated black adlay containing highest functional groups appeared promising for varietal development.

Effect of microcrystalline cellulose on mechanical properties of flax-jute-epoxy hybrid composite materials using vacuum bagging

Nowadays, synthetic fibres are replaced with hybrid composite fibres which consist of low energy production, biodegradability, resource renewability, less hazardous and easy handling of manufactured composites. The present work focuses on the effect of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) particles by varying the percentage concentration (0 wt %, 2 wt % and 4 wt %) in the flax-jute-epoxy composite materials. The MCC particle is mixed with epoxy resin as matrix material and flax-jute fibres as reinforcements in the composite panels fabricated using the vacuum bagging method. The tensile, flexural, impact, hardness and thermogravimetric tests were performed on the fabricated composite panels per the ASTM standard. The experimental results show that with the addition of 2 wt % MCC particle, sample 2 has higher tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength than sample 1 (0 wt % MCC) and sample 3 (4 wt % MCC). It can be noted that due to the addition of MCC particles, overall mechanical properties improved as a result of good interfacial bonding between matrix and fibres which are evident through SEM analysis. Similarly, thermal stability of the composites also improved in the flax-jute hybrid fibre composites particularly in 2 wt % MCC.