Percent Of Adolescents Research Articles

Reasons to Quit Smoking by Social Status in Adolescents

Background: Recent studies report social disparities in reasons to quit smoking among adults, but it is unclear if this observation also pertains to adolescents who smoke. The objective of this study was to describe social disparities in reasons to quit smoking in adolescents. Method: Data on indicators of social status, cigarette smoking and the Adolescent Reasons For Quitting (ARFQ) scale were collected in mailed self-report questionnaires completed by 1,242 grade u students in 2010-11. The associations between each of ten social status indicators and two of the ARFQ subscales were investigated among current adolescents who smoke (n=190; 45% male; mean (sd) age =16.8(0.5)) in logistic regression analyses controlling for age, sex and number of years since first puff. Results: Sixty-three percent of adolescents who smoke rated health as an extremely or very important reason to quit smoking; only 28% endorsed social disapproval. None of the indicators of social status were associated with health as a reason to quit. Participants whose mothers were employed were less likely to endorse social disapproval as a reason to quit smoking (OR (95% CI) = 0.38 (0.15-0.96)). Conclusions: Adolescents who smoke, regardless of social status, endorse health as an important reason to quit smoking, but fewer thought that social disapproval was important. There are few social disparities in reasons to quit in adolescents.

Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System Continuation in Adolescents and Adult Women [14N

INTRODUCTION: Up to 60% of women elect to remove the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) prematurely for side effects (SEs). Removal rates may differ between adolescents and adult women. We investigated the effect of age on removal patterns in first time LNG-IUS users. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed women ages 15–44 undergoing LNG-IUS placement for contraception at an academic tertiary care center from 2006–2009. Women with previous LNG-IUS were excluded. Continuation rates without removal for SEs were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations with time to removal were evaluated using Cox models. RESULTS: Of 1,062 eligible women, 79% had follow-up. Of these, 24.7% requested removal for SEs, most commonly bleeding. At 1, 3, and 5 years post-insertion, continuation rates without removal for SEs were 87%, 76%, and 71%, respectively. Each 1-year increase in age was associated with a 3% decrease in removal risk for SEs (HR 0.97, P=.004). Adolescents ages 15–21 (n=60) were compared to adult women ages 22–44 (n=778). Thirty five percent of adolescents and 23.9% of adult women requested removal for SEs. Continuation rates without removal for SEs at t 1, 3, and 5 years were 82%, 66%, and 49%, respectively, for adolescents and 88%, 76%, and 72%, respectively, for adults. Adolescents were 69% more likely to request removal for SEs (HR 1.69; P=.02) and chose less reliable alternative contraception (P=.001). CONCLUSION: Adolescents request LNG-IUS removal for SEs more frequently than adult women, though the method is overall well accepted across all age groups. Understanding removal patterns and patient expectations helps guide contraceptive counseling.

The cost-effectiveness of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program: Results from a modelling study

Exposure to bullying affects around 3–5 percent of adolescents in secondary school and is related to various mental health problems. Many different anti-bullying programmes are currently available, but economic evaluations are lacking. The aim of this study is to identify the cost effectiveness of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP). We constructed a decision-tree model for a Swedish secondary school, using a public payer perspective, and retrieved data on costs and effects from the published literature. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis to reflect the uncertainty in the model was conducted. The base-case analysis showed that using the OBPP to reduce the number of victims of bullying costs 131 250 Swedish kronor (€14 470) per victim spared. Compared to a relevant threshold of the societal value of bullying reduction, this indicates that the programme is cost-effective. Using a relevant willingness-to-pay threshold shows that the OBPP is a cost-effective intervention.

608 High short-term effectiveness of modulated dry bed training in adolescents and young adults with treatment-resistant enuresis

INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES: Two percent of adolescents and young adults suffer from therapy-resistant enuresis, with considerable negative impact on self-esteem and relationships. We evaluated the effect of a Modulated Dry Bed Training (MDBT) in a previously therapyresistant group of adolescents with enuresis, provided by a specialized enuresis-centre. MATERIAL & METHODS: Descriptive, retrospective cohort study. Between January 2003 and July 2013, 907 patients were treated by MDBT: a 5-days/4-nights in-hospital group training consisting of enuresis-anamnesis, explanation, alarm treatment, day-time activities with the purpose of increasing self-esteem and group contact. Structured follow-up was performed by telephone contact. Patients data were collected from the medical files. At 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months success of treatment was determined using ICCS-definitions. Secondary measurements included use of medication after treatment. Sensitivity analyses were performed to control for missing values. Differences between the subgroups gender, age and degree of enuresis were tested by Chi-Square test. RESULTS: Patients were aged 11-42 years (median 15, IQR 3.5), 34% female. At baseline, 81% had non-monosymptomatic enuresis, 65% primary enuresis, and 46% frequent enuresis (≥4 days/week). After 6 weeks, 46% (CI95% 43-50) and 41% of patients had a full or partial response, respectively. After 6 months this accounted for 68% (CI95% 65-72) and 25%. Females more often had a full response than males in all time frames. CONCLUSIONS: MBDT appeared to be highly effective on short term in adolescents with therapy-resistant enuresis. (Table Presented).

Programa para la promoción de actividad física saludable en escolares murcianos (Healthy physical activity promotion Program for students from Murcia)

En el presente estudio, se muestra una experiencia de fomento de la práctica de actividad física saludable en escolares de Educación Primaria de Molina de Segura. El programa, basado en una metodología multidisciplinar y no reductora, lleva al alumnado al aprendizaje de las habilidades motrices básicas antes de alcanzar los 10-12 años, periodo destinado al comienzo de las habilidades motrices específicas. De esta manera, se pretende poner en práctica un modelo que aumente los niveles de práctica de los escolares y con ello reducir el alto porcentaje de jóvenes que abandonan las actividades físico-deportivas al pasar a la Educación Secundaria. Se presenta una actividad integradora, impartida por profesionales altamente cualificados y que aglutina a todos aquellos sujetos apartados de la competición que optan por realizar un ejercicio físico lúdico, educativo y competencial.Palabras clave: Multilateralidad específica, escolares, motivación, salud, Molina de Segura.Abstract: The current study shows an experience about promoting healthy physical activity practice among Elementary School students from Molina de Segura. The program is based on multidisciplinary non reducing methodology, which leads the pupils to learn the basic motor abilities prior to be 10-12 years, and move on to the specific motor abilities. In that way, it is targeted a model to increase the students’ practice levels and reduce the high percent of adolescents who leave sports activities when pass to Secondary Education, through a no competitive activity gathering those subjects alienated by the competition who prefer to do physical exercise in a funny, educative and competencial way. Keywords: specifies multilateralism, students, motivation, health, Molina de Segura.

Mental Health and Substance Use Comorbidity Among Adolescents in Psychiatric Inpatient Hospitals: Prevalence and Covariates

This study examines the mental health (MH) and substance use (SU) diagnoses comorbidity in inpatient adolescents and explores the relationship between demographic and environmental covariates. It analyzes 2008 data of 9,154 adolescents ages 11 to 17 in psychiatric hospitals. Twenty-five percent of adolescents had dual diagnosis. Comorbidity differences between boys and girls occurred as they grew older. Boys with conduct disorder (CD) were 1.6 times more likely than girls with the same diagnosis to use alcohol. Hispanics with CD had 2 to 3.5 times increased risk of comorbidity. The study yields specificity in various MH and SU subgroups vital for prevention services and program planning.

Does marijuana increase risk for dating violence victimization or perpetration? Results of a meta-analysis

sample included 401 males (50.6%) and females (49.4%) who were in either the 10th (48.6%) or 11th (51.4%) grade in 2012/2013. The sample was 77% White, 17.5% African-American, and 5.2% from other ethnic groups. Results: The analysis revealed low correspondence between the survey and the interviews on variables indicating past-year nonmedical use of opioids (K= .309, p< .001), stimulants (K= .266, p< .001), anxiolytics (K= .123, p< .001), and sedatives (K= .157, p< .001). Among all past-year nonmedical users in either the survey or the interviews (n=37), 21.6% showed perfect agreement between the two modes of data collection, while 18.9% indicated nonmedical use only in the interviews, and 59.5% indicated nonmedical use only in the survey. Conclusions: Although our findings support past research which suggests respondents are more likely to report sensitive information on web-based self-administered surveys as compared to interviews, both modes of data collection measuring nonmedical use of prescription drugs appear to miss a substantial segment of adolescents who engage in this type of behavior. Further, given that a smaller percent of adolescents acknowledged nonmedical use via interview (particularly the use of anxiolytics and sedatives), researchers may need to evaluate how best to approach this issue when collecting sensitive information using qualitative methods. Financial support: This research was supported by research grants R01DA024678, R01DA031160, T32DA007267.

Factors associated with body image distortion in Korean adolescents.

PurposeBody image incorporates cognitive and affective components as well as behaviors related to own body perception. This study evaluated the occurrence of body image distortion and its correlates in Korean adolescents.MethodsIn a school-based cross-sectional survey, a total of 2,117 adolescents were recruited. They filled out self-completing questionnaires on body image distortion, eating attitudes, and behaviors (Eating Attitude Test-26) and related factors.ResultsBody image distortions were found in 51.8 percent of adolescents. Univariate analyses showed that boys and older adolescents had higher rates of body image distortion. In the multivariate analyses, body image distortion was associated with high risk for eating disorders (odds ratio [OR] =1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–2.58; P=0.015) and being over weight (OR =33.27; 95% CI 15.51–71.35; P<0.001) or obese (OR =9.37; 95% CI 5.06–17.34; P<0.001).ConclusionThese results suggest that body image distortion is relatively common in Korean adolescents, which has implications for adolescents at risk of developing eating disorders.

Effects of Lifestyle habits on the prevalence of obesity among school going adolescents residing in urban Lucknow

Background: Sedentary behaviour is related to the prevalence of obesity among school going adolescents. Lifestyle habit among adolescents is one of the factors related to the occurrence of obesity which is an important public health issue. Aims & Objectives: To assess the factors associated with the prevalence of obesity among school going adolescents. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study of 680 school going adolescents, aged 10-19 years. Participants were enrolled by using multi stage random sampling technique. Predesigned and pretested schedule was used to elicit information on lifestyle habits that included eating food with family, consumption of breakfast, frequency of eating fast food, aerated drinks in a week, modes of transport used, participation and duration of hours spent in active sports, time spent in watching television and anthropometric variables. Age and gender specific percentile growth charts of 2007 (WHO) was used as reference to classify subjects as obese. Results: About 71.5 percent of adolescents used to eat food with family which was significantly (p=0.0001) associated with the low prevalence of overweight. The percentage of overweight was higher among those who ate fast food daily. The primary predictors for overweight in our study were eating food with family, mode of transport used and duration of watching television. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the prevalence of overweight was 3.06 times higher among those who used public/private transport respectively than who walked [OR: 3.06 (95% CI: 1.87-5.02)]. Conclusion: The lifestyle habits of adolescents that included eating food with family, frequency of eating fast food & aerated drinks, modes of transport used, duration & participation in active sports and time spent in watching television showed the association with prevalence of overweight. Therefore there is an urgent need to educate parents and teachers regarding healthy lifestyle and healthy eating behaviour of the adolescents.

Exploratory Study to assess the Knowledge, Expressed Practices and Attitude of Adolescents Regarding Healthy Eating Habits

Healthy eating habits are essential for maintaining good health and supporting normal growth and development irrespective of the age of an individual. However, adolescents are a nutritionally vulnerable group because of; their high requirements for growth; eating patterns and lifestyles; and susceptibility to environmental influences. India has been experiencing a nutritional transition in food choices from the typical diet to the fast food pattern thus affecting the dietary habits of young adults. The present study is aimed at assessing the knowledge, expressed practices and attitude of adolescents towards healthy eating. The study was conducted at two Secondary Schools of Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India with randomly selected sample of 100 adolescents enrolled in the ninth grade. Data was collected through structured knowledge questionnaire; structured expressed practice questionnaire, and five point Likert scale. Analysis of the data revealed that only eight percent of adolescents had average knowledge regarding healthy eating habits. A significant association was found between knowledge of adolescents and father's education level; attitude of adolescents with their age and gender, type of family; no association was found between expressed eating practices of adolescents and demographic variables.

Clustering of Multiple Risk Behaviors among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents Living in Hawaii

The current study examined the prevalence and clustering of 5 health-risk behaviors among adolescents in Hawaii, including physical inactivity, low fruit and vegetable consumption, junk food consumption, excessive television time, and inadequate sleep. High school students were recruited from 5 classrooms in Oahu Hawaii. Data were collected in the spring semester of 2011. Proportions were used to describe the prevalence of single and multiple health risk behaviors. Significant health behavior clusters were revealed using an observed-to-expected (O/E) ratio method. Participating adolescents (n = 114) were 11th and 12th grade students with a mean age of 16.28 (SD = 0.62). Participants were predominantly female (75%) and Filipino-American (68%). Seventy-seven percent of adolescents were physically inactive, 90% watched excessive TV, 66% consumed inadequate fruits and vegetables, 94% reported inadequate levels of sleep, and 80% consumed excessive junk food. Overall, 94% reported at least 3 risk factors, 73% reported at least 4 risk factors, and 37% reported all 5 risk factors. No significant clusters were found. Conclusion: Health-risk behaviors cluster and occur more often than expected among adolescents living in Hawaii. Non-significant clustering may be due to insufficient variability within the sample data; future examinations of this highly understudied population are necessary.

Painful Passages: Traumatic Experiences and Post-Traumatic Stress among U.S. Immigrant Latino Adolescents and their Primary Caregivers

Using data from a stratified random sample of 281 foreign-born adolescents and their parents, this study provides data on migration-related trauma exposures and examines how the migration process influences the risk of experiencing trauma and developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). We find that 29% of foreign-born adolescents and 34% of foreign-born parents experienced trauma during the migration process. Among those that experienced trauma, 9% of adolescents and 21% of their parents were at risk for PTSD. Pre-migration poverty combined with clandestine entry into the US increased the risk of trauma and the subsequent development of PTSD symptoms. Post-migration experiences of discrimination and neighborhood disorder further exacerbated this risk, while social support and familism mitigated it. Our results emphasize the importance of understanding how factors prior to, during, and after migration combine to influence the health of immigrants.

Incidence of Work and Workplace Injury Among Alberta Teens

Utilizing a convenience sample of nearly 2000 respondents drawn from administrative data, this study finds 43.7 percent of adolescents (aged 12-14) and 61.5 percent of young persons (aged 15-17) in the Canadian province of Alberta reported employment in 2011/12. Of those employed, 49.7 percent of adolescents and 59.0 percent of young persons reported at least one work-related injury in the previous year. This study also identifies widespread non-reporting of workplace injuries and seemingly ineffective hazard identification and safety training. These results add to the growing evidence that the regulation of teenage employment in Alberta fails to adequately protect these workers from injury.

Five Independents Variables Affecting Bullying: Neighborhood, Family, School, Gender-Age and Mass Media

It is probably true to say that bullying is the psychosocial phenomenon which has attracted the most attention in academic circles over the last ten years. It affects approximately three to five percent of adolescents from twelve to eighteen years of age worldwide to a serious degree and up to twenty percent of this population to a lesser degree. The long and short term effects of bullying are considered to be extremely damaging. The importance of this phenomenon is that it may give rise to low self-esteem, anomie, depression, isolation, psychosomatic symptoms, failure at school and in extreme cases, it may result in suicide and future incidences of bullying in the workplace and within the home. As the number and the seriousness of incidents increases, many parents worry that the problem is spiralling out of control. In recent years, there has been a proliferation of publications on bullying, with an emphasis on how, when and where it occurs, but not on the factors which cause it. This meta-analysis studies the influence of five social environmental variables: neighborhood, family, school, gender-age and the mass media, considered on both an individual and interactional level, as their effects are often augmented when two or more variables are examined together. The concept “bullying” encompasses both individual and collective aggression and individual and collective victimization.

Treatment for Insomnia in Depressed Adolescents

Objective: Sleep undergoes dramatic changes during the adolescent years due to biological, circadian, and psychosocial influences. It is now known that sleep loss, both acute and chronic, can affect emotion regulation and can increase the likelihood of developing depression and risky behaviors. Method: The authors carried out a systematic review utilizing the PubMed database by using the search terms including: “adolescence, depression, sleep, and insomnia.” The present review covers manuscripts accepted up to the year 2013. The following review discusses findings on the bidirectional relationship between insomnia and depression and will cover current evaluation and treatment options. Results: Depression can be present in up to 20 percent of adolescents and most of these children will have some form of sleep disturbance. The etiology of sleep disturbances may reflect insomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, sleep apnea, or other factors. Pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy approaches are common, but may result in limited gains due to persistent insomnia. Antidepressant medications may be lessened and relapse may be higher in those with insomnia. Treatment monitoring may be helped by motivational interviewing techniques and examining the teen’s self-report over parental sleep reports. Conclusion: Sleep disturbances that are identified, addressed, and appropriately monitored may result in improved sleep and mood. Active involvement of the teen in the therapy process may improve outcomes. Further research is needed to develop non-pharmacological strategies that are acceptable and sustainable for adolescents

Ergebnisse eines Hörscreenings bei 14- bis 15-jährigen Jugendlichen

A hearing screening among 14- to 15-year-old pupils was performed to estimate the number of hearing-impaired individuals in the adolescent population. A total of 1,298pupils from 30schools in Tyrol (Austria) participated in the screening. Hearing tests were performed in a silent room at the school. Sinus tones at frequencies 0.5/1/2/4/6kHz and at levels of 25/20/20/20/20dB HL, respectively, were delivered via headphones to either ear. Failure of screening was defined as not hearing one or more frequencies in one or both ears. The screening was failed by 16.3% of the pupils. There was a small but not significant difference between males and females (17.0 vs. 15.2%). Most of the pupils failed at only one frequency (9.6%). Failing at two or more frequencies in the same ear occurred in 3.9% of the pupils, thereof in 1.1% bilaterally. As the specificity of our screening is limited, false-positive results may result. Thus, the rate of hearing deficits in our sample is probably a bit lower than indicated by the figures above. Most of the adolescents who failed the screen failed at only one frequency. These subjects have a small elevation of their hearing threshold, not a hearing loss in the sense of a raised averaged threshold. A hearing loss in the latter sense is supposed to be present in only very few percent of adolescents, a bilateral hearing loss in perhaps less than 1%.

Clinical characteristics and use of antiepileptic drugs among adolescents with uncomplicated epilepsy at a referral center in Novi Sad, Serbia

The study aimed to investigate the type and etiology of epileptic seizures and the use of antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of various forms of epileptic seizures among adolescents with active but uncomplicated epilepsy at a tertiary referral center in Novi Sad, Serbia. The study design was cross sectional. Data were obtained from patients and medical records. A total of 103 adolescents (39 males and 64 females) with active but uncomplicated epilepsy were included. Patients with primary generalized seizures had significantly better control of epilepsy than those with partial seizures with or without secondary generalization. A total of 80 (77.7%) adolescents had no known underlying etiology based on initial diagnosis and evaluation. All adolescents were classified into known idiopathic syndromes (54.4%), non-classifiable cryptogenic etiology (23.3%), and secondary epilepsy attributed to MRI-identified lesions (22.3%). Eighty-eight percent of adolescents were taking monotherapy and 64.8% of these were taking valproate. New antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), topiramate and lamotrigine, the only drugs available free of charge at the Serbian market, were used in 19.4% of patients. A total of 57.3% adolescents were seizure-free, 24.2% had occasional seizures, and 18.5% had seizures despite AED treatment.

Can Teens Learn Consequences of Too Much Internet?

Psychiatrists report on the potential problems of heavy use of electronic media and devices, with 10 percent of adolescents meeting Internet- addiction criteria.

Associação entre comportamentos de risco à saúde de pais e adolescentes em escolares de zona rural de um município do Sul do Brasil

This article aimed to assess the association between health risk behaviors in parents and adolescents in a rural area. The sample included 377 schoolchildren 10 to 18 years of age and 338 parents. The following variables were analyzed: level of leisure-time and commuting physical activity, inadequate eating habits, overweight/obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Prevalence rates for smoking and alcohol consumption by adolescents in the previous 30 days were 6.7% and 27%, respectively. Forty-five percent of adolescents failed to reach the target physical activity score. Adherence to steps to healthy eating was low. Physical activity in adolescents was positively associated with that of parents, and adolescent drinking was associated with maternal alcohol consumption. There was no significant association for other behaviors. In the analysis stratified by gender, level of physical exercise in female adolescents was associated with that of fathers. Parental health risk behaviors were associated with the behaviors in the adolescent children in this rural area.

Adolescent reproductive health services in Jimma City: Accessibility and utilization

BACKGROUN D: Accessibility of health services for reproductive health (RH) is an important factor in increasing use of reproductive health services. Reports show that reproductive health services access in Ethiopia varies by region. A better understanding of the accessibility and utilization of existing reproductive health services by adolescents will help to address gaps with respect to provision of youth friendly services. The objective of this study was to assess the access to and the utilization status of RH services by adolescents in the age group of 15-19 years in Jimma City. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma City, Southwest Ethiopia from February to March 2004. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the sampled population. Adolescents aged between 15 to 19 years were interviewed about their accessibility and utilization of reproductive health services. The data were entered into two different computers using SPSS for windows version 12.0.1 and analyzed using STATA 9.1. Descriptive, bivariate analysis and logistic regression were employed to analyze the data. RESULTS: Ninety five percent of adolescents could access Information, Education and Communication with very easy access and easy accessibility. However, 465(43%) of adolescents had difficulty (difficulty and great difficulty) to access abortion care. Almost all mean index of the variables were close of the mean and midpoint of the accessible average index (2.09±SD=0.52). Among 1082 adolescents, 445(41.1%), and 375(34.7%) were ever and current users of reproductive health services, respectively. Among socio-demographic and economic predictors, age and means of communication in the households showed a significant association with utilization of reproductive health services (p