People's Beliefs Research Articles

Analysis of the Different Influences of Chinese and Western Religions on Law

Man has to face the unknown future anytime and anywhere. For this reason, he needs to believe in the truth beyond himself. Otherwise, society will decline, decay, and never come back. Similarly, human beings are always faced with social conflicts everywhere. For this reason, he needs a legal system. Otherwise, society will disintegrate and fall apart. However, from the constitutional text, there is no uniform title and standard definition of freedom of religious belief in all countries. Countries in the west are called religious freedom, while China adopts the concept of freedom of religious belief. This article will further analyze the different influences of Chinese and western religions on the law. It is worth pointing out that the living environment of law in the west is not as good as Chinese people think, and the authority of law and people's belief in law are gradually drifting away. Based on the basic theory of freedom of religious belief, this paper analyzes the different influences of Chinese and western religions on the law, analyzes the present situation and demands for legal protection of freedom of religious belief in contemporary China, and tries to put forward feasible solutions.

The Changes in the Religious and Belief Life of Vietnamese People in the Current Period: From Practice to Policy

The cause of national renewal under the Communist Party of Vietnam's leadership has been over three decades. Among the great and historically significant victories of the doi moi cause, it is impossible not to mention the victories in theoretical thinking and religious policies of the Party and the State of Vietnam. This study focuses on analyzing and explaining the changes in the religious and religious life of Vietnamese people today; the process of renewing awareness to reforming religious policies of the Party and the State of Vietnam; several discussion issues that need further clarification on Vietnam's beliefs and religion policy in the period of international integration; at the same time, propose several solutions to improve the policy of belief and religion; correct orientation of Vietnamese people's belief and religious activities in the process of Vietnam's international integration.

Non-invasive brain stimulation and pain neuroscience education in the cognitive-affective treatment of chronic low back pain: Evidence and future directions

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Beyond the physical and functional limitations, people's beliefs, cognitions, and perceptions of their pain can negatively influence their prognosis. Altered cognitive and affective behaviors, such as pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia, are correlated with changes in the brain and share a dynamic and bidirectional relationship. Similarly, in the presence of persistent pain, attentional control mechanisms, which serve to organize relevant task information are impaired. These deficits demonstrate that pain may be a predominant focus of attentional resources, leaving limited reserve for other cognitively demanding tasks. Cognitive dysfunction may limit one's capacity to evaluate, interpret, and revise the maladaptive thoughts and behaviors associated with catastrophizing and fear. As such, interventions targeting the brain and resultant behaviors are compelling. Pain neuroscience education (PNE), a cognitive intervention used to reconceptualize a person's pain experiences, has been shown to reduce the effects of pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia. However, cognitive deficits associated with chronic pain may impact the efficacy of such interventions. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and pain. In addition, as with the treatment of most physical and psychological diagnoses, an active multimodal approach is considered to be optimal. Therefore, combining the neuromodulatory effects of NIBS with a cognitive intervention such as PNE could be promising. This review highlights the cognitive-affective deficits associated with CLBP while focusing on current evidence for cognition-based therapies and NIBS.

Kepercayaan Masyarakat Terhadap Kebudayaan Grebeg dalam Tinjauan Pendidikan Islam

Islamic culture in the archipelago provides a perspective and impact on the beliefs of each individual. This study aims to determine the Islamic culture in the Central Java region against this tradition. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method in providing an overview of the topic under study. The sample population in this study were two residents of Central Java who had followed the grebeg culture in their neighborhood. The instruments used are online interviews via zoom meetings and literature collection from several related sources. The results of this study are that Grebeg culture is a cultural tradition that has been passed down from generation to generation by the local area to the next by giving blessings to the surrounding community and people's belief that the implementation of Grebeg culture is a form of gratitude to Allah SWT for the blessings that have been given in the form of produce.

A longitudinal examination of the factors that facilitate and hinder support for conservative and progressive social movements

AbstractThis paper examines social‐psychological factors that can facilitate and hinder public support for conservative agendas over time. Using four waves of longitudinal panel data from Chile (N = 2,394), we estimated the between‐person and within‐person associations among individuals’ self‐reported conservative ideologies, political disaffection, civic behaviour, political attitudes towards democracy and social change, and their support for conservative (vs progressive) social movements over time. As expected, between‐person increases in social dominance orientation (SDO), right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), right‐wing self‐categorization, and political disaffection correlated positively with support for conservative social movements. Between‐person increases in people's social change beliefs, support for democracy, and civic participation predicted less support for conservative social movements over time. Within‐person increases in RWA and SDO correlated positively with conservative social movement support, whereas civic participation correlated negatively with it. Results provide novel evidence for the dynamic processes underlying support for conservative/progressive agendas.

A NEW IDENTITY IN THE FOLKLORE OF THE TRANSMIGRATION SOCIETY IN THE DHARMASRAYA REGENCY (IDENTITAS BARU DALAM FOLKLOR MASYARAKAT TRANSMIGRASI DI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA)

Dharmasraya Regency is known for its multicultural society. The presence of transmigration communities to the area has made Dharmasraya a region with a very rich cultural diversity. There are two large groups that live side by side while maintaining their respective cultures, namely the Minangkabau people as natives and the Javanese as immigrants. The diversity of cultures that exist in Dharmasraya also affects the folklore that develops in the area, one of which is people's belief. This study uses a qualitative approach. so the purpose of this study specifically wants to show the trust of the transmigration community in Dharmasraya which is a multicultural society in relation to the social identity of the community towards a new identity. The results showed that in the folklore of the transmigration community there was a shift from the area of origin. If in the area of origin, folklore is magical and mystical, when mixed with a new society, folklore also changes its function into a new identity for the transmigration community which is the result of mixing indigenous peoples and transmigration communities.

El General Francisco Franco’s “The Power of Beliefs”

This study analyzes and shows the elements of Francisco Francos’ various speeches and manner in which he targeted people's beliefs and conduct. His prime targets were the higher education organizations, educators and college students. Franco believed they needed to be indoctrinated in order to eradicate the republican beliefs from the previous Spanish administration. Thus he directed his propaganda towards them. His yearning to reach out to teachers and students was evident in Discurso pronunciado por S.E. El Generalísimo Franco, Jefe del Estado Español con motivo de la inauguración del presente curso escolar y de la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid. The totalitarian vocabulary of the text comprises a utopian vision of reality and covert techniques of persuasion as well as control that, when combined, provided a potent weapon of manipulation. Taking into account both the era’s historical setting and the current political climate, this critical discourse analysis of the speech selected incorporates Wodak’s historical discourse approach with other approaches to analyze topoi in critical discourse. We see in the findings of this article how the combinations of a charismatic leader and power of speech play an important role in obtaining support of the population, even when it is against their own personal interest and well-being.

Learning Down to Train Up: Mentors Are More Effective When They Value Insights from Below

Although mentorship is vital for individual success, potential mentors often view it as a costly burden. To understand what motivates mentors to overcome this barrier and more fully engage with their mentees, we introduce a new construct, learning direction, which captures the beliefs people have about which individuals within a hierarchy—upward, lateral, or downward—are valuable sources of knowledge. Although most mentors believe knowledge resides higher up in hierarchies, the current research demonstrates mentors are more engaged and effective when they value insights from below. Our first three studies found that downward learning predicted mentor engagement (Study 1) because downward learning-directed mentors viewed mentoring as a worthwhile opportunity for their own learning (Studies 2A-B). A field study examined downstream consequences on mentees’ learning outcomes, finding that downward learning-directed mentors trained more hireable mentees (Study 3). A final experiment established causality while also demonstrating that learning direction is open to intervention: reflecting on a downward learning experience increased mentor engagement, which enhanced the mentorship experience for their mentees (Study 4). We extend theories on learning orientation to learning direction and demonstrate that beliefs about the hierarchical sources of learning are critical to successful mentoring.

Does human–AI collaboration lead to more creative art? Aesthetic evaluation of human-made and AI-generated haiku poetry

With the development of technology, the quality of AI-generated text has improved. This is relevant in the AI art field, where AI generates literature or poetry that is appreciated. This study compared human-made and AI-generated haiku poetry, which is composed with 17 syllables and the world's shortest and clearest rules, to examine aesthetic evaluations of AI art and people's beliefs about it. AI-generated haiku were divided into those with and without human intervention. Two tasks were completed by 385 participants. The first involved evaluating human-made and AI-generated haiku on 21 items, such as beauty. The second involved determining whether the haiku were human-made or AI-generated. The results showed that the beauty rating of the AI-generated haiku with the human intervention was the highest, and those of the human-made and AI-generated haiku without human intervention were equal. Furthermore, participants could not distinguish between human-made and AI-generated haiku. These results suggest that human–AI collaboration has better creativity in haiku production. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between discrimination performance and beauty rating in AI-generated haiku, suggesting that high-quality AI-generated work is believed to be human-made. This study indicates the potential of human–AI collaboration in haiku and the underestimation of AI art due to algorithm aversion.

Struktur dan Fungsi Sosial Kepercayaan Rakyat Ungkapan Larangan Pada Masyarakat Jawa di Kenagarian Sungai Duo

The expression of prohibition in Javanese society is one part of folklore. There are fewer and fewer speakers of people's beliefs nowadays, because today is a modern era so many people don't believe or don't know about these expressions anymore. Therefore, the research aims to maintain the traditions that have existed from ancient times so that the next generation can know these traditions. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive method. This research was conducted in Kenagarian Sungai Duo, Sitiung District, Dharmasraya Regency. Kenagarian Sungai Duo is divided into two jorongs, namely Jorong Koto Agung Kanan and Jorong Koto Agung Kiri. The entries in this study are folk beliefs about the prohibition against pregnancy, childbirth and childhood in the Javanese community. Dharmasraya Regency. The informants of this research are natives of the Javanese community in Kenagarian Sungai Duo, Sitiung District, Dharmasraya Regency. In this study, the research instrument was the researcher herself named Melia Safitri with NIM 18017110. The data in this study were oral tradition data in the form of expressions of folk beliefs about pregnancy, childbirth, and childhood in the Javanese community. Dharmasraya Regency. The technique used is the triangulation techniques in the process of validating the data. In terms of structure, found 28 data with a two-part structure and seven data with a three-part structure. From all research results found 30 data that has a prohibition function, 7 data that has a function as a thickener of religious emotions or beliefs, 6 data that has a function as an imaginary projection system, 5 data that has a commanding or reminding function and 6 data that has a function as an educational tool.

African Worldviews, Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development

This paper explores the role of African worldviews in biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. African worldviews recognise the interdependence and interconnectedness of human beings, animals, plants and the natural world. Although it is not always the case that what one does depends on what one thinks and believes, indigenous African people's ideas and beliefs about the human–nature relationship have influenced what they have done in and to nature. In African worldviews, the present generation has moral obligations to the ancestors and future generations. It ought to preserve the environment, which is rich in biodiversity, for posterity. This paper insists that it is extremely urgent that every effort be made to document the knowledge of peasant farmers and indigenous people in general. This paper further stresses that indigenous environmental knowledge makes a big difference to sustaining diverse environments, and it is imperative to preserve such knowledge before it dies out.

The Image of the Relationship between Religious Beliefs, Political Behaviors, and Morality in a Modern Taiwanese Society

Taiwan is a multi-religious country and the religions have a certain influence on society. This study found that religion indeed plays a significant role in Taiwan. Taiwan society is highly diversified in terms of religious belief. Almost religious organization has its own doctrine. Does religion unite or divide Taiwan society? More or less, religions indeed play a role in Taiwan, but it also may not have the function of divide society. However, on the issue of same-sex marriage, some political parties are still fighting on the LGBT rights. On the other hand, in order to get votes from religious beliefs people, some parties advocated the abolition of the same-marriage law. Homosexual remains a controversial issue.

Women's Rape in Iraq between Legislation and Social Norms: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Recently, women's rape has been a pervasive problem in the Iraqi society. Thus, it has become necessary to consider the role of language and its influence on the common beliefs and opinions about rape in the Iraqi society. Thus, taking into consideration the critical role of language and its impact on the perception of human reality and the social development based on people's beliefs and principles of life has become highly indispensable. Therefore. The aim of this article is to address this problem critically from legislation and social norms in NGOs' reports (2015; 2019) with reference to some provisions from the Iraqi Panel Code (1969; 2010). Therefore, the researchers examine the discursive strategies and ideological viewpoints in the selected data through the employment of critical discourse analysis. Specifically, the researchers have adopted van Dijk's (2011) socio-cognitive approach and van Dijk's (2000) ideological model to show how language produces and reproduces domination and abuse of power, engendering as a result injustice and inequality. The study has concluded that the NGOs' reports are written in a language that reflects the attitudes and opinions which might be shared among group members. These reports rely heavily on the linguistic device that is of evidentiality to assure the credibility of giving evidence about the domination of social norms in relation to women's rape. More importantly, the dichotomy of positive and negative representation is highly adopted as an ideological strategy, showing the conflict between the legislation and social norms. Therefore, the study has recommended that the government in its legal institutions should provide provisions to protect the raped women from society and from their families.

Investigating the Relationship between Health Locus of Control and Health Behaviors: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Health locus of control is recognized as a factor affecting the development and promotion of health behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between health locus of control and health behaviors. Methods: This systematic review was conducted by searching several databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus from early April to early May 2021 using the keywords Health Locus of Control and Health Behaviors. Results: Out of the 1099 articles retrieved after the screening, 18 articles met the criteria for further analysis. A review of the studies showed that those who firmly believed in internal health control were more likely to engage in health behaviors. Conclusion: In line with the findings of this study, it is essential to focus on people's beliefs about the influence of internal factors and increase awareness about people's abilities to promote their health behaviors.

Measuring Spatial Associations between Environmental Health and Beliefs about Environmental Governance.

Research has shown an increasing trend in attempts to integrate social and ecological data that use indicators to improve quality of life. This includes understanding people's beliefs about environmental governance. Understanding patterns in beliefs of environmental governance can be a powerful way to help policy makers take informed actions that meet individuals' needs and expectations. This study examines connections between spatial patterns of beliefs about environmental governance and the health of the environment where people live, measured from both a public health and ecological perspective. Data on people's beliefs about environmental governance were collected in the Puget Sound area of Washington state. Environmental health data include environmental public health disparities including effects and exposures, bird diversity, and tree cover. Results indicate local scale heterogeneity exists within the Puget Sound region. Using AIC model selection, there was strong evidence for effects of canopy cover, environmental effects and exposures, and years of residency, and moderate to strong evidence for the effects on beliefs about environmental governance of race and sex. There was little support for effects of political ideology, income, age, education, or bird diversity. The Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) top model included a negative effect of canopy cover, years of residency, race (i.e., of being non-white), and sex (i.e., of being male), and a positive effect of environmental effects and of environmental exposures. Relating data on environmental health and beliefs about environmental governance generates a more nuanced understanding of determinants of environmental governance success and public support.

The Application of Red Culture in Packaging

In contemporary society, our younger generation is in a critical period of awareness of the core socialist values, the awakening of positive energy, and the red culture is also in a new stage of development, which has enriched people's ideals and beliefs to a great extent. In order to realize our social ideals, we are united as one. Times are moving forward, but red culture has not withdrawn from our lives, but has been widely used, such as the movie Wolf Warrior, Operation Red Sea, etc., all of which have proved to us the success of red culture with successful examples. As a student in the field of design. It is hoped that the red culture can also be equally brilliant in the packaging design of products. In the current market products, there are only a handful of successful cases in the design of red cultural packaging. In the process of product packaging design, we discussed how to rationally innovate the red cultural elements from concept to extraction to implementation to application, and enhance the market value of the entire product through packaging. Through the extraction and application of red cultural elements, a unique brand positioning can be established, consumers' consumption psychology can be grasped, and market demands can be well understood, and finally the development of red cultural economy will be promoted.

Changing minds about minds: Evidence that people are too sceptical about animal sentience

Our relationships with other animals are governed by how we view their capacity for sentience and suffering. However, there is currently little agreement as to whether people's beliefs about animal minds are largely accurate or inaccurate. We used an innovative task to examine how people update their beliefs in response to noisy but informative clues about animal minds. This allowed us to compare participants' posterior beliefs to what a normative participant ought to believe if they conform to Bayes' theorem. Five studies (four pre-registered; n = 2417) found that participants shifted their beliefs too far in response to clues that suggested animals do not have minds (i.e., overshooting what a normative participant ought to believe), but not far enough in response to clues that suggested animals have minds (i.e., falling short of what a normative participant ought to believe). A final study demonstrated that this effect was attenuated when humans were the targets of belief. The findings demonstrate that people underestimate animal minds in a way that can be said to be inaccurate and highlight the role of belief updating in downplaying evidence of animal minds. The findings are discussed in relation to speciesist beliefs about the supremacy of humans over animals.

Examining Beliefs About the Benefits of Self-Affirmation for Mitigating Self-Threat.

Self-affirmation-reflecting on a source of global self-integrity outside of the threatened domain-can mitigate self-threat in education, health, relationships, and more. Whether people recognize these benefits is unknown. Inspired by the metamotivational approach, we examined people's beliefs about the benefits of self-affirmation and whether individual differences in these beliefs predict how people cope with self-threat. The current research revealed that people recognize that self-affirmation is selectively helpful for self-threat situations compared with other negative situations. However, people on average did not distinguish between self-affirmation and alternative strategies for coping with self-threat. Importantly, individual differences in these beliefs predicted coping decisions: Those who recognized the benefits of self-affirmation were more likely to choose to self-affirm rather than engage in an alternative strategy following an experience of self-threat. We discuss implications for self-affirmation theory and developing interventions to promote adaptive responses to self-threat.

RITUAL BEDEKEH DAN KEPERCAYAAN SUKU AKIT DI PROVINSI RIAU

ABSTRACT Bedekeh is a medical tradition passed down from generation to generation in the Akit tribe aiming at curing a person's illness. Bedekeh ritual contains cosmological and religious ideology regarding human relationship with Akit ancestors, God and human relationship with other forces beyond human ability. This ritual is dedicated to the ancestral gods as an aid in one's treatment. The ritual is led by Batin (Bomoh or big shaman). This study employs a qualitative technique with a cultural studies approach to explore Bedekeh in the Akit tribal community in relation to Islam. The study found that in the Bedekeh ritual, when someone enters a state of trance (possessed), various spirits such as the Islamic spirit (Hantu Islam), the Malay spirit (Malay ghost), and others appeared, and then helped and communicated according to the mantra that was chanted when entering the body. The original Malay community who embraced Islam rejected the local tradition of the Bedekeh ritual because it was considered to contain animistic teachings that were shirk, idolatrous, and heretical. The people of the Akit tribe are often positioned as the outermost area (periphery) and are placed in a low position and the lowest social status. The construction of such social structures still affects the Malay community and the Muslim Malay community until today.  Keywords: Akit tribe, bedekeh, belief, cultural studies, ritual   ABSTRAK Bedekeh merupakan tradisi pengobatan yang diturunkan dari gene­rasi ke generasi pada masyarakat suku Akit dengan tujuan untuk menyem­buh­­kan penyakit pada diri seseorang. Ritual bedekeh mengandung ideologi kosmologi dan ideologi religius mengenai hubungan manusia dengan leluhur Akit, Tuhan dan keselarasan manusia dengan kekuatan-kekuatan lain di luar kemampuan jangkauan pikiran manusia. Ritual ini dipersem­bah­­kan untuk dewa-dewa leluhur yang akan dipanggil sebagai penolong dalam pengobatan seseorang yang dipimpin oleh Batin (Bomoh atau dukun besar). Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik kualitatif dengan pende­katan cultural studies untuk mengungkap Bedekeh pada masyarakat suku Akit dalam kaitannya dengan Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam ritual Bedekeh dan dalam keadaan trance (kerasukan), maka muncul berbagai roh seperti roh Islam (Hantu Islam), roh Melayu (hantu Melayu), dan lain-lain yang membantu dan berkomunikasi sesuai dengan mantra yang dilantunkan saat memasuki tubuh Batin. Masyarakat Melayu asli yang memeluk Islam menolak tradisi lokal ritual Bedekeh karena dianggap mengandung ajaran animisme yang bersifat syirik, musrik, dan sesat. Masya­rakat suku Akit sering diposisikan sebagai area terluar (periferi) dan menempatkan pada posisi yang rendah dan derajat sosial terendah. Konstruksi struktur sosial yang demikian masih memengaruhi masyarakat Melayu dan Masyarakat Melayu Muslim hingga sekarang.  Kata kunci: bedekeh, kepercayaan, suku Akit, ritual

KAROMAH KH. LATHIFI BAIDHOWI DI DESA SUKOSARI KECAMATAN GONDANGLEGI KABUPATEN MALANG

Abstract: The aims of this research are (1) Social, Cultural and Religious Aspects in the Folklore of Karomah KH. Lathifi Baidhowi (2) describes the socio-cultural aspects contained in folklore, (3) explains the functions and public responses to folklore, (4) describes the implementation of folklore as teaching material for Indonesian literature at IAI AL-Qolam. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, using a fixed case study design strategy. The data in this study are in the form of sentences and paragraphs. There are two sources of data in this study, namely primary data sources originating from informants or sources at the folklore place of Karomah KH. Lathifi Baidhowi is here. Sources of secondary data in the study came from stories in the Biography book and data from interviews with the Community/Santri. Data collection techniques in this study through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative data analysis technique using an interactive analysis model. The results of this study are four (1) the origin and structural analysis of the folklore of Karomah KH. Lathifi Baidhowi the theme of folklore is about people's belief in stories. The plot used is a forward plot, the character in the story of Karomah KH Lathifi as Msrsyid Toriqoh who makes accusations to several areas around East Java. The setting of the story is divided into two,namely the setting of the place and the setting of time. (2) The social aspects of thisfolklore include social aspectsrelated to religiousissues, cultural aspects in this study include people's beliefs. (3) Community responses and the function of folklore, namely the benefits of several Karomah and ritual worship activities according to Islamic teachings. (4) Implementation of the folklore of Karamah KH. Lathifi Baidhowi as a literature teaching material at IAI Al-Qolam is appropriate and relevant and can be used as literature learning material.