People-oriented Approach Research Articles

An Analysis of Holistic Education Models in Mainland China’s Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of College English Curriculum

Over the last four decades, the field of education in mainland China has seen sustained and stable growth. However, the very essence of education has undergone significant changes. In the era spanning from the 1980s to the mid-1990s, the primary aim of education was to serve economic construction and modern development, with a clear emphasis on utilitarian and instrumental characteristics. By the late 1990s, there was a shift towards advocating for quality education that prioritizes the comprehensive development of individuals, gradually embracing the concept of holistic education across the Chinese mainland. College English courses, mandatory for all non-English major undergraduates at Chinese universities, stand as a pivotal component of general education. Amidst the extensive backdrop of educational reform and development in mainland China, college English curriculum have experienced profound changes. The “College English Curriculum Guidelines (2020)” recently released by the Ministry of Education highlights that college English courses possess both instrumental and humanistic dimensions. The instrumental aspect is demonstrated through enhancing students’ comprehensive abilities in listening, speaking, reading, writing, and translating English, while its humanistic core is rooted in a people-oriented approach that celebrates human values and emphasizes the cultivation of comprehensive qualities and overall development. This paper aims to explore the practical model of implementing holistic education within college English curriculum, adhering to the specific requirements of the 2020 guidelines, across four dimensions: curriculum system, instructional approaches, educational resources, and faculty strength.

Impact of supply–demand matching on citizen satisfaction: analysis based on expectancy disconfirmation model

In the context of ensuring the well-being of citizens, the energy industry should predominantly adhere to the people-oriented approach. Investigation of citizen satisfaction through the lenses of power supply and societal demand is of utmost importance. This study constructs a satisfaction model based on expectancy disconfirmation theory, employs response surface analysis to explore the impact of matching degree between demand and supply on citizen satisfaction. The results show that citizen satisfaction is notably higher in case of a match between public expectations and supply quality compared to mismatch scenarios. Furthermore, instances involving both high public expectations and high supply quality, yield greater satisfaction compared to scenarios involving low public expectations and low supply quality. Importantly, citizen satisfaction experiences a dip when public expectations surpass supply quality, unlike situations where public expectations fall short of supply quality. Policy awareness does not moderate the effect of matching analysis on citizen satisfaction. This research enriches the scope of understanding the complex nature of public satisfaction, offering theoretical support for the high-quality development of power supply departments, catering to both energy needs and well-being of citizens. Thus, the current study significantly contributes to promoting the sustainable and high-quality development of the local social economy.

A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANAIZATIONAL CLIMATE ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO JOSCO RUBBER PONDY PRIVATET LIMITED

A study of human behaviour is both rewarding and necessary because affair degree of understanding of the people working around him can enable a person to develop his competencies. People need knowledge, attitude and skills to perform tasks. Knowledge can be attained by classroom study and reading. The other factors can be developed by ‘on-the-job’ training. An organization to be successful has to develop the competencies of its employees. Competent and motivated employees are essential for organizational survival, growth and excellence. Motivated employees are the biggest asset of an organization. We live today in an age of rapid changes where liberalization, privatization, globalization, technology movement, quality improvement and the like have become the buzzwords. Competition and survival of the fittest has become the order of the day. In this new order people hold the key. The people-oriented approach focuses on the relevance of human behaviour and innovative management of human resources. Human behaviour has a strong influence on the working environment of an organization. Keywords: Organizational climate, Satisfaction level of employees working

Regenerating historical districts through tactical urbanism: A case study of Sarpol neighborhood in Isfahan Province, Iran

This paper examines historical urban fabrics' challenges regarding quality of life and visual disturbances despite their cultural and identity value. Regeneration and social-oriented approaches considering social, economic, and cultural dimensions preserve and enhance these valuable materials. Tactical urbanism, with its people-oriented approach, can address these issues. This study focused on Sarpol in Khomeinishahr County, Isfahan Province of Iran. The city's urban structure divides into two parts: despite its active social structure and valuable spaces, Sarpol is a historic neighborhood with significant deterioration. We followed Corbin and Strauss's version of Grounded Theory in the qualitative research methodology. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were employed to select 21 participants from the Sarpol neighborhood for semi-structured interviews. The analysis involved three stages of coding: open, axial, and selective. The themes included religious participation, identity, sustainable social bonds, indigenous dependence, and low environmental quality. The central issue identified was the crucial role of religious and cultural values as a driving force for tactical urbanism, which emerged as the most critical semantic domain related to the research problem.

Understanding the nonlinear effects of the street canyon characteristics on human perceptions with street view images

Human perceptions represent the psychological experiences and feelings of individuals toward the surrounding environment. It is influenced by various physical elements (e.g., sky, tree, building, etc.) within the street canyon. However, prior research has predominantly relied on field surveys, high-cost methods, and restricted data sources, thereby limiting analyses of the impact of street canyon characteristics on human perceptions. Importantly, the nonlinear effects of street canyon characteristics on human perceptions have not been fully understood by existing studies. Thus, this study employed Baidu Street View images to evaluate street canyon characteristics and human perceptions at a visual level. A random forest regression was then utilized to uncover the nonlinear effects of street canyon characteristics on human perceptions. The results suggested that some street canyon characteristics nonlinearly affected human perceptions. Specifically, the optimal sky proportion within the individual visual field was 15%, and the appropriate thresholds for trees and grass were 17.5% and 1.0%, respectively. Overall, positive perceptions might be increased if the proportion of natural characteristics within street canyons was maintained below the optimal threshold. In addition, threshold effects have been observed in relation to the perception of beauty due to cars, the perception of vitality and security due to roads, and the perception of boredom due to walls. The findings of this study can serve as scientific evidence and inform urban renewal based on a people-oriented approach.

Heat exposure variations and mitigation in a densely populated neighborhood during a hot day: Towards a people-oriented approach to urban climate management

Climate change and increasing urbanization call for the effective adaptation of cities to extreme heat. To improve the applicability of the research, sophisticated computational fluid dynamics models are being developed to capture the complexity of climate in a real urban environment, while a human-oriented paradigm is emerging concurrently. In this paper we present a synergy of these approaches by analyzing outdoor thermal exposure on five different pedestrian routes in Prague-Dejvice (Czech Republic), employing the PALM modeling system and realistic use-cases. Our simulations reveal important spatio-temporal variability in the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) in the urban neighborhood. Our findings particularly emphasize the negative effect of open spaces, such as gaps between buildings and shorter buildings, on the thermal exposure of pedestrians. These configurations allow more direct irradiation to reach ground level, while the other adverse climatic characteristics of midrise/highrise developments are largely preserved. The effect of urban greenery is quite variable during the day. Trees can reduce UTCI by up to 10 °C, but this strongly depends on the location (e.g., distance from neighboring buildings). Irrigated grass reduces UTCI by about 1.8 °C, but dried grass has little heat mitigation effect. In conclusion, our results suggest that expert-based knowledge together with sophisticated and fine-scale models can identify effective heat stress reduction measures without draconian changes to, or investments in, the urban environment.

PRIORITIES OF THE PEOPLE-ORIENTED APPROACH IN THE ECONOMIC SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

The study draws attention to the issue of ensuring the economic security of the state, but with an eye on the social, in particular, the human-centric aspect of the country’s development. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the priorities of the people-oriented approach in the economic security management system of Ukraine. It is shown that most of the functions and tasks of socially oriented policy are implemented within the framework of guaranteeing the social security of the country, however, it is fair to say that the aspect of people-centeredness is important to extend to other components of the economic security of the state. It was established that the effects of synergy between the economic security of the state and people-centeredness are achieved when important social issues and problems are laid as a basis for ensuring all components of the economic security of the state. According to this approach, the aspect of people-centeredness is actually fundamental in ensuring all components of the economic security of the state. Priorities of state regulation have been identified for all components of the state’s economic security, namely, macroeconomic, financial, foreign economic, investment, innovation-technological, social, demographic, energy, production, and food. Manifestations of insufficiently effective state policy of regulation of social development in Ukraine have been identified. Their negative socio-economic consequences, as well as threats to the economic security of Ukraine, are outlined. It was concluded that at the current stage of the development of the economy of Ukraine, the task of guaranteeing the economic security of the state has significantly intensified and strengthened. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the aspects of monitoring and analysis, forecasting and planning, as well as the implementation of measures of a proactive policy of strengthening the stability and stability of the national economic system. At the same time, it should be understood that the central element in the country’s system is a person. Therefore, measures aimed at strengthening economic security must first be checked to see how they affect the parameters of the quality of life and the provision of social services to the population. Moreover, not from the standpoint of negative influence, but in terms of how they will contribute to the improvement of the social sphere of the country.

BPаL: the first program results of operational study within the framework of the project ICF «Оrganization for Appropriate Technology in Health» and facilitating the expansion this regimen in Ukraine

Objective — to study the programmatic results of the efficacy and tolerability of the standard combina­tion BPaL regimen for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis failures and pre-XDR-TB. Materials and methods. Treatment of patients with BPaL regimen took place within the framework of the Project of the ICF «Organization for Appropriate Technology in Health» on the basis of the National Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology named after F.G. Yanovsky NAMS of Ukraine (NIFP NAMS) of Ukraine as the operational study «Pilot study to assess the effectiveness and safety of antimycobacte­rial therapy with BPaL regimen in Ukraine». Recruitment lasted from November 2020 to March 2022. The composition of the BPaL regimen, which was prescribed in the operational study: bedaquiline — 400 mg daily for the first 2 weeks, with a subsequent transition to 200 mg every other day, linezolid 1200 mg daily (with the possibility of changing the dose or canceling it after at least 4 consecutive weeks of its use), pretomanid 200 mg daily. The standard duration of treatment is 6 months (26 weeks or 182 doses). Extended duration up to 9 months — if a positive culture result (or reversion) is registered after 4 months of treatment and insufficient dynamics after 6 months of treatment. The implementation plan was 135 patients with pre-XDR-TB or failure of previous courses without exclusion criteria. Results and discussion. Despite the significant challenges/barriers that have arisen on the way to the implementation of OS, the effectiveness of the BPaL regimen, obtained within the framework of the Project and implemented on the basis of the NIFP of NAMS of Ukraine, fully corresponds to the results of clinical trials of various variants of the BPaL regimen: successful treatment was obtained in 91.5 % patients. The regimen turned out to be quite safe: complete cancellation of BPaL due to SAEs was carried out only in 4 patients, all others, despite the occurrence of AEs of various degrees of severity in 81.4 % of patients, managed to maintain treatment and successfully complete BPaL. Moreover, complete removal of linezolid from the composition of BPaL was carried out only in 8.2 % of patients. The main AEs were expected to be myelosuppression and peripheral neuropathy (the main AEs of linezolid at a high dose of 1200 mg per day). But in addition to these adverse events, hepatotoxicity was recorded in almost every 4th patient. It should be noted that these data completely match with the results of clinical trials. Such high results were achieved thanks to the close cooperation of partners, training and education of specialists of NIFP NAMS of Ukraine, and as a result — careful treatment of each patient, close monitoring of the condition of each of them, and a people-oriented approach. Conclusions. Ukraine is the first country in the world where the treatment of TB patients with the BPaL regimen as part of operational studies with excellent results was performed, which also paved the way for the current expansion of BPaL treatment in Ukraine even during the war.

Development of the Support self-guided, web application for adults living with type 1 diabetes in Canada by a multi-disciplinary team using a people-oriented approach based on the Behaviour Change Wheel.

Diabetes self-management education and support (DSME/S) are central in type 1 diabetes (T1D) where individuals are responsible for 95% of care. In-person DSME/S programs have been proven clinically effective (e.g. optimizing glycemic management, improving diabetes-related behaviors) but are limited by a lack of accessibility and long-term follow-up. Self-guided digital tools such as web applications (web apps) can be an alternative for delivering DSME/S. This article describes the development of Support, a behavioral theory-based, self-guided, web application for adults living with T1D in the province of Quebec, Canada. A multi-disciplinary team developed Support. Patient partners first proposed its focus, learning topics, and expressed barriers to using digital tools for DSME/S. These barriers were analyzed based on the Behaviour Change Wheel. A group of healthcare professionals (HCPs) drafted the evidence-based learning content which was reviewed by external HCPs and by patient partners. Support is a bilingual (English and French) web app accessible at any time via the Internet. It has four learning paths focusing on hypoglycemia and based on the user's method of diabetes treatment. Learning modules are divided into six categories with a maximum of three learning levels. It contains features such as a discussion forum, videos, and quizzes to ensure interactivity, provide social support, and maintain the motivation and long-term engagement of users. To the best of the authors' knowledge, Support is the first self-guided evidence-based web app for adults living with T1D. It is currently under study to evaluate its feasibility and clinical impacts.

THE EXPLORATION AND PRACTICE OF INTEGRATING "FOUR SELF-CONFIDENCES" INTO IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL EDUCATION OF COLLEGE ENGLISH CURRICULUM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19

Patriotic education for college students is an important task in the education of various countries. This study conducted a 16-week patriotic and ideal education for college students in the context of Covid-19 prevention and control, and an exploration of the education model by integrating big data comparison of Chinese and foreign prevention and control in college English courses. Students in the experimental group were introduced to short videos related to Chinese and foreign news reports on the prevention and treatment of Covid-19 in the course, and carried out in-class thoughtful discussions and post-class sharing and discussions; students in the control group maintained their original study and life status. Post-test questionnaires and interviews revealed that most of the students in the experimental group realized that the necessity and success of China's epidemic prevention and control stemmed from the Chinese government's people-oriented approach and the advantages of the Chinese system and Chinese culture, which enhanced their self-confidence and pride in being Chinese and strengthened their "four self-confidences" in socialism with Chinese characteristics. More students combined their career aspirations with the modernization of China, significantly changed their learning attitudes and improved their motivation and academic performance. In contrast, students in the control group had no significant changes in the relevant post-test indicators compared with the pre-test because they maintained their original study and life status.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0920/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Regenerating informal habitat in marginal areas through a people-oriented approach

This study, carried out by a multidisciplinary research team, deals with the participatory regeneration process of a marginal residential area in the city of Rome. The research focuses on the theme of urban health and the improvement of indoor and outdoor living conditions according to a people-oriented approach. The work was carried out on two fronts: desk research based on urban, health and socio-demographic sources, and a series of field studies. An operational protocol valid in informal contexts, which escape official censuses, was thus elaborated in order to assign objective values of social and housing discomfort, to measure the concept of urban welfare and to identify possible regeneration strategies for the informal habitat.

Dynamic Evolution of Service Trade Network Structure and Influence Mechanism in Countries along the “Belt and Road” with Big Data Analysis

With the accelerating process of economic globalization, the deep adjustment of the international industrial division of labor, and the continuous upgrading of the global value chain, the development of the service industry has entered into a new historical period. This study analyzes the dynamic evolution of trade network structure at three levels: macro, mesa, and micro, and empirically explores its influencing factors. Taking national service trade as the research object, this study analyzes the topological structural characteristics of the food trade network of “One Belt and One Road” countries by selecting indicators such as network point degree, average path length, trade intensity, intermediation degree, and aggregation coefficient, and further explores the characteristics of association network structure in national service trade network using block model. The topological structural characteristics of the “Belt and Road” trade network are analyzed from three aspects: overall, local, and individual. Then, we construct a regression model to analyze the factors influencing the dynamic evolution of the service trade network structure of the countries along the “Belt and Road” through the QAP method. Finally, based on the summary of the research findings, this study puts forward the corresponding considerations and policy recommendations from the perspectives of regional, directional, and reciprocal investment, to benefit more efficient and strategic national service trade under the framework of “Belt and Road.” Based on the results of this study, this study proposes the following policy recommendations: firstly, actively promote the service trade cooperation with other countries to optimize the market layout; secondly, promote the service industry reform to extend the length of the value chain and improve its position in the value chain; and thirdly, jointly promote the infrastructure construction of “Belt and Road” with other countries, promote trade liberalization, and reduce the trade volume. Secondly, we should promote the reform of the service industry, extend the length of the value chain, and improve our position in the value chain. Finally, we should vigorously promote the development of innovation, promote the two-way opening of new service industries, adhere to the “going out” strategy, and cultivate high-quality and excellent technical talents, to promote the overall improvement of the innovation-driven capacity of the service industry with a people-oriented approach.

Human resources, organizational learning and due diligence: avoiding the honeymoon hangover effect in mergers & acquisitions

PurposeMergers & acquisitions (M&As) can be an effective way to expand into new markets or business opportunities. Yet, a considerable number of failed M&As can be attributed to disregarded human resource (HR) concerns. In particular, an organization’s leadership tends to hail the advantages of a merger or acquisition during the early stages, raising employees’ expectations (honeymoon effect). Many documented failures in such corporate transactions indicate organizational members’ declining satisfaction following a deal (hangover effect).Design/methodology/approachDrawing on in-depth interviews with senior M&A experts (n = 12) at a global big-four accountancy firm and focus group sessions with their respective clients, this study investigates in two cases the interplay between HR issues and M&A transactions and infers effective risk management actions.FindingsA honeymoon hangover after a transaction may appear in organizations if HR issues are neglected. Study results provide notable implications for HR departments and HR professionals facing a merger or acquisition. These implications include (1) focusing on HR risks, (2) involving HR executives to manage the HR due diligence efforts, (3) setting up transition teams that communicate well, (4) creating policies for learning and knowledge sharing, (5) developing new competencies for the NewCo, (6) being sensitive to cultural differences and (7) considering legal aspects.Research limitations/implicationsThe two transactions studied revealed patterns that are important for successful change. However, we should not underestimate the individual perspective in M&As. Further studies with interview data directly from stakeholders are important to analyze further the relationships between HR due diligence, organizational learning, effective knowledge transfer, and culture. Due to our research approach, we cannot claim that the results can be generalizable to all major M&As. Further research is needed to measure the impact of the HR Due Diligence aspects outlined on M&A success.Originality/valueAlthough M&As have been much researched, relatively little has been written on practical managerial adaptation from a human resource perspective and its implications for organizational learning. This article helps address this imbalance by providing a people-oriented approach for effectively managing M&As from beginning to integration.

Exploring the Correlation between Block Vitality and Block Environment Based on Multisource Big Data: Taking Wuhan City as an Example

Block is the basic unit for studying the urban activities of residents, and block vitality is the concrete expression of urban dynamics at the block level. The quality of the block’s residential environment is a crucial medium to satisfy the residents’ pursuit of high-quality life; good block quality is essential for fostering the block vitality and further enhancing the overall vitality of the city. This study used the distribution density of cellular signaling data to quantify block vitality and constructed a block environment index system covering four dimensions—block accessibility, block function, block development degree, and human perception of block environment—innovatively introducing the elements of block environment from the human perspective. Considering the variability of block vitality between workdays and weekends, and between downtown and suburban blocks, this study used a geographically weighted regression model to show the mechanism of the spatial and temporal influence of indicators on block vitality, as well as to suggest how to enhance block vitality at different times of the day based on the influence mechanism. This study was conducted in Wuhan, China. The findings suggest that block vitality exhibited significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity. A high-vitality block can be created by enhancing the block’s accessibility, increasing the degree of block construction, and enriching the functional density and mix of functions in the block. A pleasantly green environment with a moderate degree of openness exerted a significant impact on promoting human activity and enhancing block vitality. The creation of high-vitality blocks should also consider the differences in the impact of various elements on block vitality between weekend and workday. For example, amid the surge in travel demand for education venues on weekends, enhancing the accessibility of blocks can significantly increase the vitality of blocks on weekends. We can truly realize the people-oriented approach to build a livable and high-vitality city by adapting to local conditions and time.

Reports from the Field: Secondary School in Hong Kong Integrating the Spirit of Humanities into STEAM Education

A small project of STEAM education called “Innovation for Love and Care” was implemented in a local secondary school in Hong Kong. Four seventh-grade students participated from November 2020 to February 2021. The project aims to integrate humanism into the traditional STEAM curriculum to stimulate the students’ innovation in a people-oriented approach. The project consisted of three modules implemented by means of both online teaching and face-to-face lessons due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The responses of the students were very positive. The overall performance has been recognised by the school management team. For the next step, the project team plans to expand the project to all seventh-grade students.

Digitally Enhanced Quality Management for Zero Defect Manufacturing

Though the idea of Zero Defect Manufacturing is not new, it remains a disruptive concept that is able to entirely reshape the manufacturing ideology. Existing literature suggests that Zero Defect Manufacturing can be implemented in two different approaches – namely product- (defective parts) and / or process-oriented (defective equipment) approaches. The recent onset of Industry 4.0 presents organizations with a plethora of technologies that promise to further enhance the quality of both products and processes, but also adds a third dimension to Zero Defect Manufacturing - people. Therefore, in this paper, we add the people-oriented approach as a third dimension to Zero Defect Manufacturing and draw on practical insights to present a framework for digitally enhanced quality management.

Stakeholder involvement in community resilience: evidence from Egypt

No society is immune from disasters. Yet, resilient communities that have access to the needed information, as well as physical, economic, social, and human capitals, tend to prepare, respond, and recover from disasters better than other communities. Recently, a people-oriented approach of community resilience inducing a collaboration of various stakeholders has been advocated instead of the command and control approach widely adopted by governments. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research on the role of the different stakeholders in promoting the different capitals of community resilience. Hence, this paper seeks to investigate the extent to which the different stakeholders are involved in community resilience. By distributing a questionnaire on 273 of the inhabitants of a newly-established, urban sub-district for repopulating vulnerable people in Cairo, the paper offers deep insight into the roles of the government, private sector, and NGOs in promoting community resilience and illuminates how each stakeholder prioritizes different capitals.

Evaluating Chinese policy on post-resettlement support for dam-induced displacement and resettlement

ABSTRACT Being resettled is a complex and traumatic process. International experience reveals that people are made worse off by project induced displacement and resettlement. In China, a country with much dam induced resettlement, since 2006 there has been considerable government attention to ensure that post-resettlement outcomes are improved and that people are made better off as a result of being resettled. We describe the context of dam-induced resettlement in China, and analyse the post-resettlement support mechanisms used. We identify the key success factors that have led to effective outcomes. They included: a trigger that prompted the government to take action; a change in development philosophy to a more people-oriented approach and acceptance that resettled people and host communities had to be made better off; a market-oriented approach in the way post-resettlement support was delivered and in terms of cross-subsidizing resettlement from hydroelectricity production; long term support to resettled people and host communities; and considerable public participation so that the post-resettlement support schemes were of value to the resettled people and host communities.

Okul Müdürlerinin Problem Algılama ve Çözme Süreçlerinde Dikkate Aldıkları Değerler

Bu çalışmanın amacı okul müdürlerinin okul yönetiminde karşılaştıkları sorunların çözümüne yönelik nasıl bir karar verme süreci izlediklerini, problemleri algılama ve çözme sürecinde dikkate aldıkları değerlerin neler olduğunu araştırmaktır. Çalışmada ayrıca, Değer Temelli Uyum Teorisi bağlamında Türk kültürüne özgü bir okul müdürü sınıflamasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseniyle modellenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu Tokat il merkezinde görev yapmakta olan 13 okul müdürü oluşturmaktadır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre, okul müdürleri mesleki hayatlarında saygı, adalet, açık iletişim değerlerini ön planda tutmaktadır. Okul müdürlerinin, okulda akademik ve bürokratik çeşitli sorunlar yaşadığı ve bu sorunların çözümünde iletişim kurmaya ve adil yaklaşıma özen göster-dikleri belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların problem çözümünde öncelikli olarak sistemli ve bilimsel yaklaşımlar kullanmadıkları görülmüştür. Araştırmada, okul müdürlerinin sahip oldukları değerlerin problemleri algılama ve çözme sürecinde etkisinin olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu değerler okul içinde insan odaklı bir yaklaşımı, karşılıklı anlayışı, iyi insan ilişkilerini ve olumlu bir okul kültürünü destekleyecek değerlerdir. Çalışmada değer özelliklerine göre Türk kültürüne özgü olarak; iletişimci, etik, yenilikçi ve disiplin temelli olmak üzere dört tip okul müdürü ortaya çıkmıştır.

Development of a model to assess the impact of lean practices on firm performance in SMEs

The purpose of this paper is to develop a model that assesses the impact of lean manufacturing practices on performance enhancement in Indian SMEs. In this present work, empirical study did in small and medium enterprises of Northern India and case studies have been used for drawing out the learning issues and their inferences for developing a model using qualitative modelling approach. Qualitative modelling which consists of options field methodology (OFM), options profile methodology (OPM), analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy set theory (FST) methods are applied for synthesising the learning issues into options and further prioritising the performance parameters. Four options profiles mainly considered were process improvements based approach (PBA), people oriented approach (POA), top management leadership (TML) and mixed approach (MA). From all the approaches, MA has come out to be preferred for effective implementing the lean manufacturing practices and enhancing the overall performance of the organisation.