Pennsylvania State Research Articles

Differentials and predictors of food insecurity among Federally Qualified Health Center target populations in Philadelphia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundOver the past decade, the prevalence of food insecurity declined in the United States but curiously climbed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a sizable metropolitan area where many households experience food insecurity and are dependent on programs like SNAP. Therefore, we aimed to determine the burden of food insecurity among populations near Philadelphia Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) clinic sites.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in North Philadelphia, a populous and impoverished section of Philadelphia with many zip codes reporting 30–45% or more of the population below the federal poverty line. Students and clinicians affiliated with a local FQHC conducted surveys on residents (n = 379) within 1-mile radiuses of three FQHC sites, using the Hunger Vital Sign™, a validated food security tool. Survey data were collected through door-to-door visits in the summer of 2019. We used simple, age-adjusted bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression models to predict food insecurity with independent variables, including age, sex, language preference, and BMI category.ResultsFood insecurity in North Philadelphia was much higher (36.9%) than previously reported in Philadelphia and nationwide. Food insecurity was inversely associated with age (AOR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.00), overweight (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.06), and obesity (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.33, 1.09).ConclusionIn North Philadelphia, the burden of food insecurity is higher than in the greater Philadelphia area, Pennsylvania state, and the rest of the nation and is predicted by age and BMI of residents. These findings demonstrate a need for more locally targeted research and interventions on food insecurity in impoverished urban settings.

PointedSDMs: An R package to help facilitate the construction of integrated species distribution models

Abstract Ecological data are being collected at a large scale from a multitude of different sources, each with their own sampling protocols and assumptions. As a result, the integration of disparate datasets is a rapidly growing area in quantitative ecology, and is subsequently becoming a major asset in understanding the shifts and trends in species' distributions. However, the tools and software available to construct statistical models to integrate these disparate datasets into a unified framework is lacking. This has made these methods inaccessible to general practitioners and has stagnated the growth of data integration in more applied settings. We therefore present PointedSDMs: an easy to use R package used to construct integrated species distribution models. It provides functions to easily format the data, fit the models in a computationally efficient way and presents the output in a format that is convenient for additional work. This paper illustrates the different uses and functions available in the package, which are designed to simplify the modelling of integrated models. A case study using the package is also presented: combining three datasets coming from different sampling protocols, all containing records of Setophaga caerulescens across Pennsylvania state.

Allyship in the Workplace: An Examination of Antecedents and Consequences

The importance of allies—broadly defined as those who “actively work toward the eradication of prejudicial practices” (Sue et al., 2019)—In organizational contexts has been increasingly evident with the rise of #MeToo and Black Lives Matter. In highlighting the persistence of sexism and racism, these social movements have encouraged broader participation in efforts to reduce existing social inequalities. For instance, the Black Lives Matter protests following the murder of George Floyd in May 2020 constituted the largest social movement in United States history with an estimated 15 to 26 million participants (Buchanan, Bui, & Patel, 2020). Companies responded to this societal reckoning with an outpouring of statements and commitments, with the biggest 50 companies in the U.S. pledging nearly $50 billion to combat racial inequality (Jan, McGregor, & Hoyer, 2021). Given increased attention on allyship behaviors in organizational settings, this symposium brings together five presentations that explore diverse yet interconnected facets of allyship. Spanning experimental, archival, and observational methods, these five papers examine the psychological, identity-based, and contextual factors that affect both decisions to engage in social justice efforts and ultimate evaluations of allyship efforts. By considering how individuals come to participate in advocacy as well as how onlookers perceive and appraise allyship, this symposium helps to shed light on both sides of allyship efforts. In turn, this symposium offers insights into strategies to increase participation in allyship that truly makes marginalized groups feel supported. “Am I an Ally or Is That a Lie?” Performativity Concerns, Authenticity, and Allyship Presenter: Olivia Foster-Gimbel; New York U. Presenter: Julianna Pillemer; New York U. Preaching to the Choir or Converting the Masses when Garnering Support for Social Justice Presenter: Deshani Buddhika Ganegoda; Melbourne Business School Presenter: Jigyasu Shukla; U. of Central Florida Presenter: Debra L. Shapiro; U. of Maryland “Am I an Ally or Is That a Lie?” Performativity Concerns, Authenticity, and Allyship Presenter: Olivia Foster-Gimbel; New York U. Presenter: Julianna Pillemer; New York U. Preaching to the Choir or Converting the Masses When Garnering Support for Social Justice Presenter: Deshani Buddhika Ganegoda; Melbourne Business School Presenter: Jigyasu Shukla; U. of Central Florida Presenter: Debra L. Shapiro; U. of Maryland Should That Count? Fairness Judgments of Resource Allocations Accounting for Structural Sexism Presenter: Alyssa Tedder-King; Kenan-Flagler Business School, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Presenter: Elad Netanel Sherf; Kenan-Flagler Business School, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Examining Women’s Reactions to Male Managers’ Ally Work: A Divergence Framework Presenter: Carolyn Thi Dang; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Soojin Oh; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Aparna Joshi; Penn State Smeal College of Business Sincere Solidarity or Performative Pretense? Evaluations of Organizational Allyship Displays Presenter: Rebecca Ponce de Leon; Columbia Business School Presenter: James T. Carter; Columbia Business School Presenter: Ashleigh Shelby Rosette; Duke U.

Untold Stories of Women at Work

Despite persistent calls for organizational scholars to explore the experiences of women at work more deeply, we still know relatively little about: (1) processes involved in women’s invisible experiences; (2) the impact invisible experiences have on women's well-being and work outcomes; (3) the circumstances that exacerbate or alleviate these outcomes; and (4) how colleagues, leaders, and organizations can best support women at work. The proposed symposium advances scholarship by bringing together qualitative and quantitative research that sheds light on women’s invisible experiences at work. Specifically, the four papers within this session reveal that postpartum experiences, barriers related to menopause, and the lasting effects of gender-based trauma are impactful for women’s career transitions and outcomes, and highlight roles that organizations, leaders, and coworkers may play in providing support. In this manner, this symposium strongly aligns with the Academy of Management’s conference theme “Creating a Better World Together” by focusing on the voices, needs, and perspectives of groups that have historically been silenced: mothers suffering from postpartum depression and reentering organizations after maternity leave; survivors of gender-based violence facing transitions in their careers; and women experiencing menopause. In sum, the papers and resulting discussion provide insight into the consequences of these invisible experiences for the women affected, and how colleagues, leaders, and organizations can provide support. A Qualitative Exploration of Working Mothers with Postpartum Depression Presenter: Allison S. Gabriel; U. of Arizona Presenter: Jamie Jocelyn Ladge; Northeastern U. Presenter: Laura McAndrews Little; U. of Georgia Presenter: Rebecca MacGowan; U. of Arkansas Presenter: Elizabeth E. Stillwell; Northeastern U. Working While Menopausal: Stigma of Vasomotor Symptoms Presenter: Alicia A. Grandey; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Vanessa Burke; Pennsylvania State U. How Does Complex Trauma Impact Career Transitions? An Examination of Women Survivors of Violence Presenter: Katina Sawyer; George Washington U. Presenter: Sabrina DeeAnn Volpone; U. of Colorado, Boulder Presenter: Christian Noble Thoroughgood; Georgia State U., J. Mack Robinson College of Business Understanding the Role of Allyship in Women’s Postpartum Return to Work Presenter: Nitya Chawla; Texas A&M U. Presenter: Allison S. Gabriel; U. of Arizona Presenter: Melanie Prengler; U. of Virginia, Darden School of Business Presenter: Kristie Rogers; Marquette U. Presenter: Benjamin Alan Rogers; UNC-Chapel Hill Presenter: Alyssa Tedder-King; Kenan-Flagler Business School, U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Exploring the Diversity and Inclusion-Business Ethics Interface

Different socio-cultural groups may engage with and respond to diversity and inclusion initiatives in different ways. As a result, diversity and inclusion initiatives may actually perpetuate continued inequalities, regardless of the intentions of an organization, raising important question about what diversity and inclusion initiatives should look like. This highlights the critical – but all too often unclear or under recognized – connection between the fields of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and business ethics research. In this presenter symposium, we explore the DEI-business ethics interface via five current projects that clarify this research interface and clarify how different socio-cultural groups of employees engage with or respond to diversity and inclusion initiatives. Diversity and Ethical Outcomes: A Review and Road Map for Future Research Presenter: Sun Young Kim; IESEG School of Management Presenter: Danielle E. Warren; Rutgers U. Presenter: Chao Chen; Rutgers U. Presenter: Katherine Phillips; Columbia Business School Impacting Perceptions of Fit Using LGBT Diversity Signals Presenter: Cody Bradley; U. of Arkansas Presenter: Kristie Joy Neff Moergen; U. of Arkansas, Fayetteville Presenter: Dorothea Roumpi; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Lauren Simon; U. of Arkansas Pronoun Disclosure Policies: Promoting Diversity Climate or Causing Moral Outrage? Presenter: Lauren E. Aydinliyim; City U. of New York, Baruch College Presenter: Dorothea Roumpi; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Danielle E. Warren; Rutgers U. CEO Gender, Institutional Pressures, and Controversial Diversity Policy Adoption Presenter: Zhaoyi Yan; IE Business School, IE U. Ethical and Tangible: The Dual Benefits of Organizational Racial Diversity Presenter: Sun Young Kim; IESEG School of Management Presenter: Denise Lewin Loyd; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Presenter: Michelle Checketts; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Gender Inequity in Entrepreneurship: Understanding Barriers, Boundary Conditions, and Opportunities

Achieving gender equity in entrepreneurship is a pressing societal concern. A growing number of studies have provided consistent evidence for gender disparities and barriers for female entrepreneurs. Yet, research also suggests that under certain conditions, tied to the unique features of the entrepreneurship context, there may also be a female advantage in venture evaluations and funding outcomes. In this symposium, we hone in on this burgeoning line of inquiry by bringing together four presentations that investigate when and why a female (dis)advantage emerges, and how certain features of this context help to mitigate gender bias. Based on a diverse array of methods (archival, experimental, and video metrics) and samples (angel investors, accelerators, and cofounders), the presentations highlight novel mechanisms underlying gender bias in entrepreneurship settings. Overall, this symposium aims to 1) offer actionable insights for recognizing and addressing gender bias in entrepreneurship and 2) identify new directions for gender research more broadly. Women Entrepreneurs Don’t Ask (For Enough) in the Entrepreneurial Negotiation Process? Presenter: Anyi Ma; Tulane U. The Effects of Masculinity Displays by Female Entrepreneurs on Venture Evaluation Presenter: Soojin Oh; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Aparna Joshi; Penn State Smeal College of Business How the Functional Titles of Male and Female Cofounders Affect Funding in Mixed-Gender Founding Team Presenter: Steven Gray; U. of Texas at Austin Presenter: Melanie Milovac; INSEAD “Gender Diversity Matching” Helps Ventures Raise Funding: Evidence from a Natural Experiment Presenter: Dana Kanze; London Business School Presenter: Alessandro Piazza; Rice U.

Lagrangian particle dispersion (HYSPLIT) model analysis of the sea breeze case with extreme mean daily PM10 concentration in Split, Croatia.

The case of a sea breeze where the mean daily PM10 concentration reached the recommended limit value for human health for the period from 2007 to 2009 at the air quality station AMS3 Split-1 in Split, Croatia, is analysed. The Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) atmospheric model MM5 and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model are used to simulate the lower atmospheric flow and dispersion within 100km from the coast. The simulation is made with four point sources in the hinterland of Split: Kaštel-Sućurac, Solin and Klis, where the local cement plants are located, and Vranjic, where an asbestos-cement plant is located. Statistical analysis and rotational statistics showed good agreement of the measurement data with the modelled wind speed and direction at 10m and temperature at 2m height. The backward trajectories show that the pollutants are caught in the sea breeze circulation from all sources and in the early afternoon the plume is placed over parts of Split from all sources. From the peak concentrations during the selected day, it can be concluded that pollution from Kaštel-Sućurac had the greatest impact on the high PM10 concentrations measured at the Split-1 station.

A Literate South: Reading before Emancipation by Beth Barton Schweiger

Reviewed by: A Literate South: Reading before Emancipation by Beth Barton Schweiger Christopher N. Phillips (bio) A Literate South: Reading before Emancipation beth barton schweiger Yale University Press, 2019 258 pp. Does reading lead to liberalization? If so, what reading, or kinds of reading? As Beth Barton Schweiger argues, what she calls "the ideology of literacy," which insists on a connection between literacy and liberalization, [End Page 283] has been firmly entrenched in American culture since the middle of the nineteenth century. While it can seem obvious that a literacy-liberty correlation does not always hold historically, studies of the nineteenth-century US have long operated under the assumption that the North's higher rate of literacy was a contributing factor in the turn away from slavery, and that the South's relative lack of print publishing infrastructure enabled public opinion to support slavery. Schweiger's careful, engaging study of female readers in two families, drawing on journals and other writings at the Virginia Historical Society and in continued family possession, shows that literacy practices were a lively, continual element in the lives of rural southerners, even those whose lifestyle and infrastructure prevented them from devoting long hours to print-based activity. A Literate South might seem late for a review in EAL, focusing as it does on reading and writing practices of the 1830s through the 1850s, but as book historians such as James Raven have pointed out, the circulation of texts originating in multiple eras is a fact of reading life, and some of the reading material and much of the literacy pedagogy that the Cooley and Speer sisters experienced belonged to an earlier era. This book is very much a history of reading, following in the tradition of the micro-history exemplified by Carlo Ginzburg's The Cheese and the Worms (Johns Hopkins UP, 1992) and more recently by Allan Westphall's Books and Religious Devotion (Pennsylvania State UP, 2014). Schweiger's study does what the best of these micro-histories do, examining and contextualizing the documented experiences of a few, seemingly marginal historical figures in order to illuminate where expected patterns of reading and writing held, and especially where we may need to rethink our assumptions about literacy, culture, and the place of print in everyday life. As in the case of the ideology of literacy, Schweiger moves from fine-grained analysis to big ideas and assumptions, showing that the two scales do not always easily match and that the details of women's and girls' literacy at a given time and place may tell us much about what and how literacy was. Schweiger begins with a long introductory chapter explaining the diverse ways that print suffused the South, even at significant geographical remove from printing presses, booksellers, and newspaper offices. The Cooleys were Virginia farmers who engaged in part-time smithing and clothes-making; the Speers were North Carolina tanners whose Whig politics and middle-class values shared a similar rural space, which included [End Page 284] a print world made up primarily of periodicals, schoolbooks, hymnbooks, Bibles, and more ephemeral texts. This was not a world of many books, but Schweiger demonstrates that it was one of wide and voracious print and reading. Her canny use of Shirley Brice Heath's notion of "ways of words" allows her to detect the Cooleys' and Speers' reading not just by the titles they name but also by the phrases, cadences, and diction they use. Part I demonstrates the importance of this method by highlighting the literacy practices of the two households through writings left by Amanda and Betsy Cooley, Jennie and Ann Speer, and a few of their relatives. The chapters in this section follow the sequence of literacy textbooks that was well-established by the early nineteenth century: spellers, grammars, and rhetorics. The chapter on spellers foregrounds the experience of Jincy, an enslaved teenaged girl on the Cooley farm who Amanda recorded as studying a speller while other members of the household read, wrote, or otherwise used their leisure time. Schweiger traces a history of enslaved people's use of spellers that includes both the more familiar dimensions of prohibition and clandestine learning, and an...

Contributing Authors

Dr. Mary Frances Berry, professor of history and Geraldine R. Segal Professor of American Social Thought at the University of Pennsylvania, is the author of twelve books, including History Teaches Us to Resist (2018). From 1980 to 2004, she was a member of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and from 1993–2004 served as chair. Between 1977 and 1980, Dr. Berry served as the assistant secretary for education in the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. She has also served as provost of the University of Maryland and chancellor of the University of Colorado at Boulder. In recognition of her scholarship and public service, Professor Berry has received 35 honorary doctoral degrees and many awards.Brandon James Render is a PhD candidate in the History Department at the University of Texas at Austin. His research interests include twentieth-century United States social and intellectual history, post-1945 social movements and “the culture wars,” and public policy. His dissertation, “Colorblind University,” traces the intellectual genealogy of race-neutral policies and practices in higher education through admissions policies, departmental structure, and curriculum design. In addition to service as a graduate research fellow at the Center for the Study of Race and Democracy in 2018–19, he is the 2021–22 Mitchem Dissertation Fellow at Marquette University.Lee Sartain is a senior lecturer in American history at the University of Portsmouth, England. His research focuses primarily on the NAACP and civil rights activism from the 1910s to the 1970s. His first book, Invisible Activists: Women of the Louisiana NAACP and the Struggle for Civil Rights, 1915–1945 (2007) won the Landry Prize for best book on a southern topic. He has also published Borders of Equality: The NAACP and the Baltimore Civil Rights Struggle, 1914–1970 (2013) and coedited Long Is the Way: One Hundred Years of the NAACP (2009). Recent articles have focused on the NAACP and the Great War and on youth movements and the NAACP in New Mexico. He has also written various encyclopedia entries on the NAACP. He is a member of the Royal Historical Society.Matthew Shannon is associate professor of history at Emory & Henry College. He is the author of Losing Hearts and Minds: American–Iranian Relations and International Education during the Cold War (2017). Dr. Shannon's research has been published in Iranian Studies, Diplomatic History, International History Review, and The Sixties. He is the editor of American–Iranian Dialogues: From Constitution to White Revolution, c. 1890s–1960s (2021), and the coeditor of 9/11 and the Academy: Responses in the Liberal Arts and the 21st-Century World (2019).Quito Swan is professor of African American and African diaspora studies at Indiana University Bloomington. A historian of Black internationalism, he is the author of Pauulu's Diaspora: Black Internationalism and Environmental Justice (2021), Black Power in Bermuda (2010), and the forthcoming Pasifika Black: Black Internationalism in Oceania. Swan has garnered several major awards for his research, including fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, Harvard University's Radcliffe Institute, Australia's University of Queensland, and, most recently, Pennsylvania State's Humanities Institute.Dr. Rhonda Y. Williams, professor and John L. Seigenthaler Chair in American History at Vanderbilt University, is the author of the award-winning The Politics of Public Housing: Black Women's Struggles against Urban Inequality (2004) and Concrete Demands: The Search for Black Power in the 20th Century (2005). She is also the coeditor of the award-winning book series “Justice, Power, and Politics” from the University of North Carolina Press. During her tenure at Case Western Reserve University, she founded and directed the Social Justice Institute, as well as the postdoctoral fellowship in African American studies.

The Effect of the Ideal Worker Norm on Employees

In today’s organizations, supervisors expect employees to be highly productive throughout their workday, no matter how long they work or when they work. These expectations have been termed the “ideal worker norm” (Davies & Frink, 2014). The ideal worker prioritizes their work over other life domains and shows this dedication to work by working overtime and non-traditional hours, being always available, visibly working (e.g., sending emails during non-work hours), and being unhampered by non-work obligations (Kelly et al., 2010; Reid, 2015; Sallee, 2012). The nascent ideal worker literature has focused on defining the norm, but the effects of the ideal worker on employees has been little studied. For example, gendered social roles, in which women are caretakers and men are breadwinners, may affect perceptions of female employees’ ability to fulfill the ideal worker norm, regardless of family context, negatively affecting their careers. Likewise, for men who deviate from this expectation, such as those who request flex time or parental leave (Sallee, 2012), they may be perceived as unable or unwilling to live up to the ideal worker norm. This paper symposium explores the effects of the ideal worker norm on the careers of male and female employees. Family-to-Work Conflict, Ideal Worker Norm Violation and Trust: Gender Bias in Evaluations Presenter: Jennica R. Webster; Marquette U. Presenter: Gary A Adams; Marquette U. Presenter: Andrea Schneider; Marquette U. Just Not Good Enough: How Supervisor Sexism Beliefs Affect Employee Promotability and Development Presenter: Clarissa Rene Steele; Kansas State U. Who are “Ideal Workers”? Intersection of Age, Gender, and Race Presenter: Vanessa Burke; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Alicia A. Grandey; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Teresa Frasca; Pennsylvania State U. Individual Worker and Managerial Characteristics that Influence Granting of Working from Home (WFH) Presenter: Alyson Gounden Rock; McGill U. - Desautels Faculty of Management “We Deserve Work-Life Balance Too”: Experiences of Dual-Career Professional Couples Without Children Presenter: Galina Boiarintseva; Niagara U. Presenter: Souha R. Ezzedeen; York U. Presenter: Julia Richardson; Curtin U. Presenter: Christa Wilken; York U. Getting Down to Brass Tacks: The Effect of Focusing on Results Instead of Ideal Worker Cues Presenter: Aurora Turek; -

Clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and the impact on mortality: a single-network, retrospective cohort study from Pennsylvania state

ObjectiveCOVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 with the highest burden in the USA. Data on clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in US population are limited. Thus, we...

Big Data Interprets US Opioid Crisis

Since 2010, there has been a new round of drug crises in the United States. The abuse of opioids has led to a sharp increase in the number of people involved in drug crimes in the United States. There is an urgent need to explore solutions to the drug crisis in the United States. In this paper, the model of in-depth analysis is established under the condition of obtaining the opioid data and the influence factor data of the large sample of five state[1]. In the first part, we use the Highway Safety Research Institute model based on the differential equation model to predict the initial value, find the initial position of the drug transfer, and obtain the curve of the number of different groups over time by fitting the data, so that the curves can be predicted the changing trends of the groups in the future. It was found that in Kentucky State, the county’s most likely to start using opioids were Pike and Bale. In Ohio, the county’s most likely to start using opioids are Jackson and Scioto. In Pennsylvania State, Mercer and Lackawanna are the counties most likely to start using opioids. Martinsville and Galax are the counties where Virginia State is most likely to start using opioids. Logan and Mingo are the counties where West Virginia State is most likely to start using opioids. In the second part, the gray prediction model is used to further analyze the time series of each factor, the maximum likelihood estimation method is used to obtain the weight of each factor, and the weight coefficient matrix is used to simulate the multivariate regression equation, and the factors that have the greatest influence on opioid abuse are educational background and family composition. In the third part, the hypothesis test model of two groups (the data type is proportional) is used to verify the difference between the influence factors (including the predicted values) in the first two parts of the states, thus verifying the feasibility between them. At the same time, we put forward a few suggestions to combine the current situation in the United States with the CDC data. We believe that in order to address the opium crisis, the U.S. government needs to strengthen not only oversight of doctors' prescriptions, but also make joint efforts of all sectors of society to fundamentally reduce the barriers to the use of opioids.

‘Black but Human’: Slavery and Visual Art in Hapsburg Spain, 1480–1700 by Carmen Fracchia

Reviewed by: ‘Black but Human’: Slavery and Visual Art in Hapsburg Spain, 1480–1700 by Carmen Fracchia Tanya J. Tiffany Carmen Fracchia. ‘Black but Human’: Slavery and Visual Art in Hapsburg Spain, 1480–1700. OXFORD UP, 2019. 256 PP. THE ROLES of enslaved peoples and freed Black men and women as both the subjects and producers of images in early modern Spain have garnered increasing attention in recent decades thanks to the work of scholars such as Victor I. Stoichita, Luis Méndez Rodríguez, and Carmen Fracchia, the author of the book under review. At once drawing upon and going beyond previous, more specialized studies, Fracchia’s monograph is the first to analyze slavery and depictions of Blackness in visual culture across imperial Spain. As she states at the outset, Fracchia aims to explore both “hegemonic visions” of Black subjects and to uncover “critical and emancipatory practices by Afro-Hispanic slaves and ex-slaves,” but she does not always make clear how she is engaging these opposing perspectives and the tensions between them (1). (Although she never explicitly defines the term, Fracchia uses “Afro-Hispanic” mainly to refer to people of sub-Saharan African heritage, and she occasionally also employs it to discuss Muslim North Africans and their descendants.) In assessing questions of representation, readers will therefore want to consider Fracchia’s book alongside contributions—too recent for her to have taken into account—by Nicholas R. Jones, who argues that Black agency can be uncovered even in apparently derogatory portrayals by white Spanish writers (Staging Habla de Negros: Radical Performances of the African Diaspora in Early Modern Spain, Pennsylvania State UP, 2019), and Erin Kathleen Rowe, who has examined “how Afro-Iberians participated in the co-creation of devotional life” across the Catholic world (Black Saints in Early Modern Global Catholicism, Cambridge UP, 2019, 2). Like the book as a whole, Fracchia’s chapter 1, “Black but Human,” is named for the topos used by Afro-Hispanics to proclaim their humanity when facing a system that treated them as material goods. The author explores emerging theological as well as literary discourses on skin color as mobilized in Iberia and elsewhere, including the equation of whiteness with purity and the idea that pious Christian souls, whether housed in European or African bodies, were white and thus beloved by God. Chapter 2, “What Is Human about Slavery?,” considers how the institution was justified by royal and ecclesiastical officials in Spain and Portugal, where hundreds of thousands [End Page 103] of enslaved people from various ethnic backgrounds lived and worked. Many churchmen defended the enslavement of sub-Saharan Africans as a means of introducing them to the faith. Within this framework of conversion, Fracchia discusses images of baptized Black men, in particular a Baptism of the Ethiopian Eunuch by Saint Philip from The Book of Hours of Charles V (ca. 1519) and an eighteenth-century Allegory of Baptism in the Mosque-Cathedral in Córdoba: paintings whose iconography pictures the supposed whitening powers of the sacrament. Chapter 3, “Visual Culture and Slavery,” turns more fully to visual images, considering tensions surrounding the depiction of Blacks in Spanish sacred art, especially the figure of the Black Magus. Fracchia emphasizes that northern European artists routinely represented one of the Magi as Black beginning in the mid-fifteenth century, but this iconography became standard in Spain only in the 1520s. She sees this delay as part of a pattern in which images of Blacks were unusual in regions where slavery was widespread. The causal, chronological argument for this seeming paradox merits more detailed investigation. As Fracchia herself demonstrates, the Black Magus was central to the religious imaginary of Seville’s late fourteenth-century “Our Lady of the Kings” (the “kings” here refer to the Magi), which was founded as “the very first black confraternity in Western Europe” at a moment when enslaved Africans were beginning to arrive in the city (48). Fracchia also highlights the broader importance of Black saints to the Afro-Iberian communities that emerged with the rise of the transatlantic slave trade, noting that various later Black confraternities likewise dedicated themselves to the Virgin of the Kings and Saint Benedict of...

Black Cookstove: Meditations on Literature, Culture and Cuisine in Colombia by Germán Patiño Ossa

Reviewed by: Black Cookstove: Meditations on Literature, Culture and Cuisine in Colombia by Germán Patiño Ossa Sandra Aguilar Rodríguez Germán Patiño Ossa. Black Cookstove: Meditations on Literature, Culture and Cuisine in Colombia. trans. Jonathan Tittler. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State UP, 2020. 82 pp. ISBN 9780271086989. Black Cookstove, first published in 2007, and recently translated into English, provides readers a window into the culinary landscape and history of the Cauca River Valley, on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Patiño’s main argument is that the Cauca region is heavily influenced by African culture, which is evident in its cooking tradition. He explores cooking practices departing from the novel María, written by Jorge Isaacs and published in 1867. Patiño also incorporates references from travelers’ chronicles and commentaries written in the colonial period and early nineteenth century. Cooking, according to Patiño, is an essential element of culture, and it is cooking through which he demonstrates the process of transculturation in a Colombian region. Transculturation implies the mixing of different cultures to produce a new one. In this region, as in many other parts of Latin America, Spaniards, Africans, and Native Americans mixed and created a culture that is shared by all according to the author. The process of transculturation was not a peaceful one, as it was the outcome of wars, slavery, and violence. However, each group tried to survive and adapt to the region and in that way contributed to the formation of a unique culture. Enslaved Africans and Afro-descendants had a major impact in culinary practices since they were in charge of growing crops, fishing, butchering, gathering fruits and wild plants, and provisioning. Among Afro-descendants it was women who played a central role as they were in charge of cooking as well as raising children, both white and black, and preserving their music, dance, and culture. As Patiño notes, Afro-descendants represented the majority of the population by 1789, when a census of the Popayan regions revealed that of the 64,463 inhabitants, 41,484 were black and of those 12,241 were enslaved. Slaves represented the main workforce in María, as this institution pervaded in the Cauca Valley until 1852. Patiño highlights that although María portrays an idyllic world in which [End Page 164] slaves and masters coexisted in relative harmony, Isaacs was aware of, and denounced the iniquities of slavery. So even if female slaves are portrayed merrily preparing a traditional dessert called dulce de leche, which implied constantly stirring the thick mixture, they knew that any mistake could result in physical punishment. Patiño highlights the abundance and availability of food in the Cauca region. Food was always plentiful so even the poor did not experience hunger. Corn, yucca, and fish were the main ingredients of this cuisine. The Spaniards brought beef, sheep, goats, and swine. Cows were particularly valued. Cows produced milk used to prepare a wide variety of foodstuffs, such as cheese, butter, and dulce de leche. Sugarcane encountered an ideal environment to thrive in this region, and of course slavery resulted in great profits for masters. Spaniards also brought fruits, especially citrus, along with vineyards, olive groves, and other vegetables like onion and garlic. Plantains and coconut, basic foodstuffs in African cuisine, played a central role in the food of the Cauca River Valley too. Catching fish, as well as hunting wild animals and butchering them, were tasks in which only men participated. Men were in charge of cooking outside after fishing or hunting. If the master was leading the hunt his male slaves butchered and roasted the meat. Slaves also had to hunt bears and jaguars if they were eating the master’s cattle. For slaves, hunting was indispensable and dangerous, whereas for masters and landowners it was almost like a sport. Fish was an everyday staple due to the challenges of raising cattle in this climate. Beef was scarce and consumed jerked in most cases. Salted beef was a common ingredient of Chocó, a stew that included plantains and yucca. This stew, also called sancocho or ajiaco was prepared with other vegetables like winter squash and also...

Person-Centered Approaches in Management: Methodological Insights and Substantive Examples

In response to the call for person-centered methods from ORM in 2018, this symposium seeks to provide substantive examples of person-centered methodology in practice. The first paper conducts a systematic review of the person-centered literature in careers research and discusses how the use of these methods is important for answering relevant questions. The second paper explores a novel person-centered method, the latent profile exploratory factor analysis, and discusses how this method may be useful in answering questions related to performance, personality and emotions. The final three papers provide substantive examples of profiling in management research and focus on topics such as job embeddedness, job crafting and employee engagement. Person-centered methods in vocational behavior research: A systematic review Presenter: Joeri Hofmans; Vrije U. Brussel Presenter: Bart Wille; Ghent U. Presenter: Bert Schreurs; Vrije U. Brussel Latent Profile Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Novel Two-Part Procedure for a New Era of Big Data Presenter: Matt Caleb Howard; U. of South Alabama Are People Embedded Differently? A Person-Centered Approach to Embeddedness Presenter: James Rigby; U. of Houston Presenter: Caitlin M. Porter; U. of Memphis Profiles of Job Crafting Strategies and Their Antecedents: Longitudinal Person-Centered Approach Presenter: Anne Mäkikangas; Tampere U. Presenter: Jaana Minkkinen; Tampere U. Presenter: Jessica De Bloom; U. of Groningen Presenter: Miika Kujanpää; Tampere U. Presenter: Ulla Kinnunen; Tampere U. A Person-Centered Analysis of the Antecedents of Employee Engagement Presenter: Sydney Reichin; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Susannah Ivory; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Kayla Walters; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Terri Frasca; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Anthony Roberson; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Samuel T. Hunter; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Sarah Coley; BB&T Leadership Institute Presenter: Patrick Gallagher; BB&T Leadership Institute

Ethics in Organizations: Leveraging Organizational Practices to Promote Ethics

This symposium aims to provide practical implications for organizational practices to promote ethics. Drawing upon multiple theoretical perspectives and methodologies, the five papers in this symposium investigate a wide range of organizational practices that can be leveraged to promote ethics in organizations. Specifically, the questions addressed in this symposium include 1) How can ethical voicers frame the message so that their ethical voice is more likely to be supported by coworkers? 2) Under which conditions do a company’s CSR initiatives produce positive reactions by its employees? 3) How can we mitigate the potential immoral evaluation associated with informal hiring to avoid antisocial behavior and promote prosocial behavior? 4) When and why can group diversity improve ethical decision making and performance? Taken together, these papers provide important prescriptive insights (Bazerman, 2005; Chugh & Kern, 2016) by pointing organizations toward both acknowledging the challenges involved in various organizational practices and leveraging these practices to promote ethical decisions and behaviors. Promotion Framing, Moral Elevation, and Positive Reactions to Ethical Voice Presenter: Anjier Chen; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Linda K Trevino; Pennsylvania State U. CSR Activities Aligned with Core Business Promotes Employees’ Attributions of Morality & Commitment Presenter: Jimin Lee; UC Irvine Presenter: Christopher Bauman; U. of California, Irvine Hired Through Your Network? Don’t Come To Me For Help! Employees' Reactions to Informal Hiring Presenter: Teodora Tomova; NYU Stern Presenter: Rellie Rachel Derfler; U. of Maryland Checked and Balanced: The Role of Group Faultlines in Ethical Decision Making Presenter: Jihyeon Kim; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Presenter: Yekaterina Bezrukova; U. at Buffalo, The State U. of New York Presenter: Erzhuo Wang; U. at Buffalo, The State U. of New York Presenter: Denise Lewin Loyd; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Presenter: Chester S. Spell; Rutgers U., Camden Presenter: Hisham Said; Santa Clara U. Transparency of Limitations: The Impact of Team Gender Diversity on Transparency and Team Performance Presenter: Isabel Villamor; George Washington U. Presenter: Hannah Kremer; George Washington U. Presenter: Margaret Ormiston; George Washington U.

Latest Findings Using Conditional Reasoning: Faking, Risk-Propensity, and Aggression

Presentations included describe the latest research in measurement of implicit individual differences as framed within the paradigm of conditional reasoning (CR). Primary focus is on faking detection in conditional reasoning tests (CRTs) of creative personality and achievement, novel measurement development, and practical application of the CRT for aggression. Supporting data will be presented for five projects. Faking Detection in Conditional Reasoning Tests of Creative Personality and Achievement Motivation Presenter: Jeremy Lee Schoen; U. of Auckland Presenter: Jaime Leigh Williams; U. of Mississippi Presenter: Sydney Reichin; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Rustin Meyer; Pennsylvania State U. Conditional Reasoning Test for Risk Propensity Validation with Nursing Student Sample Presenter: Alexa J. Doerr; Towson U. Presenter: Daniel J Svyantek; Auburn U. An Exploratory Study of Lying on Resumes Presenter: Justin A. DeSimone; U. of Alabama Presenter: Gargi Sawhney; Auburn U. Situational Cues Matter: Justice, Aggression, and Positive Workplace Outcomes Presenter: Jaime Leigh Williams; U. of Mississippi Presenter: Susan M. Stewart; Western Illinois U., Quad Cities Presenter: H Kristl Davison; Appalachian State U. Predicting Insufficient Effort Responding with Implicit Aggression Presenter: Ye Ra Jeong; Radford U.

Moving Out and Back In: Unpacking Boomerang Employment and its Consequences

As employee mobility drastically increases for the modern workforce, returning to one’s previous employer (“boomerang” employment) is increasingly becoming a career pattern pursued by both job seekers and organizations. Having crossed inter-organizational boundaries at least twice (upon turnover and re-entry), boomerangs characterize a unique and understudied type of mobility within and between organizations. Five papers comprising this symposium explore (1) what boomerangs bring to the table both in terms of their own performance behaviors and their influence on the behaviors of their coworkers and (2) how boomerang employment differs from other types of employee mobility patterns, e.g., stayers, multiple movers, and alumni who do not become boomerangs. Leveraging the hybrid nature of boomerang employment, this symposium seeks to deepen our understanding of the boomerang phenomenon while contributing to broader scholarship on employee mobility, careers, and human resources. In with the Old? Examining When Boomerang Employees Outperform New Hires Presenter: JR Keller; Cornell U. Presenter: Rebecca Rheinhardt Kehoe; Cornell U. Presenter: Matthew James Bidwell; U. of Pennsylvania Returning Employees: They Are Back But Are They Here To Stay? Presenter: John E. Delery; U. of Arkansas Presenter: Dorothea Roumpi; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Samantha A. Conroy; Colorado State U. You Can’t Go Home Again: Cooperative Performance Behavior Between Boomerang and Incumbent Employees Presenter: Thorsten Grohsjean; Bocconi U. Presenter: Gina Dokko; U. of California, Davis Presenter: Philip Yang; U. of Tuebingen Are Boomerangs More Like Movers or Stayers? Somewhere in Between? Or Something Else? Presenter: Rhett Andrew Brymer; U. of Cincinnati Presenter: Yeongsu Kim; U. of Massachusetts - Amherst Presenter: John Mawdsley; HEC Paris Presenter: Peter D Sherer; U. of Calgary Presenter: Robert Leonard; Miami U. Ohio Going Backwards to Move Forward: The Link Between Career Competencies and Boomerang Employment Presenter: Rebecca M. Paluch; Sauder School of Business, U. of British Columbia Presenter: Yuna Cho; Yale School of Management

Contextualizing Unethical Prosocial Behaviors from Relational Perspectives

A burgeoning literature examines a fairly recent area of research - unethical pro-social behavior (UPB), that is, unethical behavior motivated by the desire to benefit other individuals or entities (e.g., group, organization) (Chen, Chen, & Sheldon, 2016; Umpress & Bingham, 2011; Umpress, Bingham & Mitchell, 2010) - has drawn the attention of scholars to a number of important antecedents, such as organizational culture, organizational norms, and leader behavior. This symposium is designed to further the field’s knowledge in this realm by examining UPB from various relational perspectives. The four papers included in the symposium shed novel light on UPB as a relational phenomenon by using a variety of research designs, study populations, and methods. Taken together, our symposium highlights relational contexts, intermediary mechanisms, and outcomes of UPB. Systematic Injustice and Preference for Unethical and Ethical Leaders Presenter: Carolyn Thi Dang; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Elizabeth Eve Umphress; U. of Washington Felt Obligation as a Driver of Immoral Decisions in Triadic Social Exchanges Presenter: Liuba Belkin; Lehigh U. Presenter: Dejun Kong; U. of South Florida Does Justice Make Us More or Less Ethical? How Fair Treatment Can Lead to Unethical Behavior Presenter: Oliver Sheldon; Rutgers U. Presenter: Batia Mishan Wiesenfeld; New York U. Weighing Commitment and Liability in the Selection of Rule Breakers Presenter: S Wiley Wakeman; Stockholm School of Economics Presenter: Philip Yang; U. of Tuebingen

Multiple Identities and Non-Prototypicality: Intersectionality at Work

Everyone has multiple social identities that influence the way they are perceived and treated and, in turn, how they perceive and respond to their social worlds at work. To date, research has tended to focus only on one identity at a time. The papers in this symposium investigate how different combinations of multiple identities affect a variety of outcomes at work, from biases and beliefs to recruitment, fundraising, and perceptions of speech and discrimination. This symposium has three goals: (1) to shed light on emerging theory on intersecting social identities, (2) to present innovative scholarship about how multiple intersecting social identities affect how individuals negotiate their workplaces and what treatment they receive, and (3) to create space for complicating the conversation about diversity and inclusion in order to examine the complexities of intersectionality and non-prototypicality. Black Women’s Experiences of Mistreatment and Withdrawal Presenter: Kathrina Robotham; U. of Michigan Presenter: Veronica C. Rabelo; San Francisco State U. Presenter: Courtney Lynn McCluney; U. of Virginia Darden School of Business Presenter: Kelsie Thorne; U. of Michigan Invisible Discrimination: Divergent Implications for the Non-Prototypicality of Black Women Presenter: Rebecca Ponce de Leon; Fuqua School of Business, Duke U. “Geeky” Rules of the Game: The Effects of Nerd Masculinity on Entrepreneurial Funding Presenter: Soojin Oh; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Aparna Joshi; Penn State Smeal College of Business Do White Women Get Away with Racist Speech? The Effects of Identity on Perceptions of Speech Presenter: Barnini Bhattacharyya; Sauder School of Business, U. of British Columbia Presenter: Jennifer L. Berdahl; U. of British Columbia Re-Aligning Multiple Identities by Tweaking Job Advertisement Language Presenter: Joyce He; U. of Toronto Presenter: Sonia Kang; U. of Toronto