Peer Trust Research Articles

What Stimulates Proactive Behaviour of Midwifery Students during their Education?

Background: Proactive behaviour, triggered by various individual and/or contextual antecedents, could be a significant added value to cope with the major challenges midwifery students face in adapting quickly and effectively to different clinical settings. Aim: Assessing the presence of various individual and contextual antecedents in a group of midwifery students and explore their association with proactive behaviour which could bring benefits to the constantly evolving field of reproductive healthcare. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate associated antecedents of proactive behaviour in a group of midwifery students (n = 421) between December 2017 and February 2018. Findings: More than half (66.8%) of the midwifery students demonstrated some kind of proactive behaviour. Albeit, 13.6% of the proactive behaviour was associated to the appearance of the investigated individual and/or contextual antecedents. The Dutch nationality, the evolution in the educational programme, a high role breadth self-efficacy, generalized compliance, trust in peers and autonomy were all positively associated to proactive behaviour. Conclusions: Midwifery students showing generalized compliance to the organization, have a high role breadth self-efficacy and trust in their peers are positively associated to proactive behaviour. Discussion: Anticipating the various significant antecedents during the midwifery education, could strengthen the level of proactive behaviour of future midwives. The awareness of for proactive behaviour could have a positive contribution to the work efficiency and coping attitude of future midwives. This will indirectly contribute to the quality of care for mother and child.

Trust, reputation and ambiguous freedoms: financial institutions and subversive libertarians navigating blockchain, markets, and regulation

ABSTRACTThis article departs from the post 2008 financial crisis context, from its intersection with technological developments, and from the socio-technical arrangements configured by this conjuncture. It explores plans and actions – of mainstream financial institutions, and of a community seeking for alternatives to centralised economy and governance – for the use of digital platforms supported by blockchain infrastructure. In particular, it explores how such plans and actions relate to conceptions of public and peer trust and how they appear to produce, or reinforce, reputational imaginaries and quantification practices within added value philosophies. By illuminating a tension between the two identified case examples, I seek to render alternative communities’ and financial institutions’ conceptions, imaginaries and practices (more) visible and to analyse their organisational marketing strategies – where there is a pragmatic and discursive operationalisation of technology as well as of trust as means to gain more self-sovereignty in action, while navigating markets and regulated actual world contexts.

방임경험이 청소년의 휴대전화 의존에 미치는 영향 : 또래애착과 용도별 휴대전화 사용빈도를 중심으로

This study aims to examine the effects of child neglect from parents on the mobile phone dependency of adolescents focusing on peer attachment and mobile phone usage by purposes as mediating variables. The participants were 2,002 early adolescents drawn from the 7th waves (2016) of KCYPS (Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey). Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping were employed. Results were as follows. First, as teenagers experienced neglect from their parents, peer communication and trust decreased while peer alienation and mobile phone dependency increased significantly. Child neglect significantly reduced the frequency of contact with parents and increased the frequency of playing mobile games. Second, among the three factors of peer attachment, only alienation had a significant direct effect on the mobile phone dependency of adolescents. The higher the peer trust was, the more the teenagers contacted both their family and friends using mobile phones. The higher the alienation, the less contact with friends through mobile phones. Third, in terms of mobile usage by purposes, mobile phone dependency significantly increased contents use, contact with friends, and mobile games, while it significantly lowered as the frequency of contact with family using mobile phone increased. Fourth, positive indirect effects were found in the paths of ‘child neglect from parents→peer alienation→mobile phone dependency’, ‘child neglect from parents→ contact with family using mobile phone→mobile phone dependency’, while negative indirect effects appeared in ‘child neglect from parents→peer trust→contact with friends using mobile phone→mobile phone dependency’. This study confirmed the importance of parent-child relationships in early adolescence in the context of peer attachment of adolescents, and suggested practical interventions by identifying various attributes and pathways on mobile phone dependency.

How friendship is defined matters for predicting intergroup attitudes: Shared activities and mutual trust with cross-ethnic peers during late childhood and early adolescence

We examined how two different definitions of cross-ethnic friendships, namely reciprocal peer nominations for shared activities and mutual trust, predict attitudes towards immigrant students among non-immigrant Swiss children and early adolescents (N = 309). Among both Swiss children and early adolescents, only the number of mutually trusting peer nominations with immigrant students, but not the number of mutual nominations for shared activities, positively predicted inclusive intergroup attitudes. In addition, the perception of cooperation on a common goal in the classroom positively correlated with the number of cross-ethnic—but not same-ethnic—friends whom students trusted. We discuss the implications of our findings in relation to developmental research on the antecedents of intergroup attitudes and positive cross-ethnic relationships among children and early adolescents.

Study protocol for 'PROMIsE': Implementation of a curriculum to stimulate PROactive behavior in MIdwifery Education.

INTRODUCTIONProactive behavior shows promise in the challenges of midwifery students in adapting quickly and effectively to different clinical settings. The antecedents of rolebreadth self-efficacy, control appraisal and trust in peers have demonstrated a potential for significant benefit to proactive behavior in midwifery education. A new midwifery educational program, ‘PROMIsE’, was developed to influence these antecedents and so enhance proactive behavior.METHODSA pre-test/post-test cohort study of midwifery students’ antecedents in proactive behavior will be conducted from September 2018 until June 2022. All new starting midwifery students (n = estimated at 150) at one Belgian University College will be included. Data will be collected using a validated questionnaire at four time points: the entry point in the new midwifery curriculum, after one year, two years and at the end of the curriculum. A proportional odds logistic regression analysis will be used to clarify the association between these antecedents and the probability to observe proactive behavior within this group at different time points.RESULTSA historical comparison will be made with this cohort study and two previous cross-sectional studies. With ‘PROMIsE’ it is assumed that this cohort, which underwent the intervention of ‘PROMIsE’, will score significantly higher than the cross-sectional study groups.CONCLUSIONS‘PROMIsE’ aims to support the individual guidance of midwifery students towards proactive behavior in midwifery in order to cope with the numerous challenges in reproductive healthcare.

Digital Preservation Interoperability through Preservation Actions Registries

This paper has been accepted for iPRES2018 and presents new work by Artefactual, Arkivum, Preservica and Jisc on how Preservation Action Registries (PAR) could be used to capture and share technical best practice for the preservation of digital objects in the form of a corpus of machine-readable recommendations. The registry’s data model defines what tools can be used for different digital object formats, what properties can be extracted or measured and what preservation actions can be taken. The model includes contextual and historical information on the reasons why recommendations are being given. The information is versioned and includes the tool parameters and software environments needed to execute different preservation actions so they are directly ‘executable’ by preservation systems. Our model makes registry content accessible through APIs using a distributed set of registries rather than a single canonical source. In this way, information can be made available from a range of sources including central registries (moderated and curated) or by exchange directly between trusted peer institutions or systems. Preservation systems such as Archivematica and Preservica are able to publish to and consume content from these registries.

Cooperative and interactive teaching methods for forming tertiary students’ intercultural competence (from the US higher education experience)

The paper highlights the role of cooperative and interactive methods in the course of the US general education in developing intercultural competence as internalized knowledge of the grammar of a language and of the rules for appropriate use concerning language in social contexts on the basis of integrating attitudes, values, and motivations. The theoretical analysis of American psychological and pedagogical sources on the essence of the notion «intercultural competence» shows that the notion under study is viewed as a learners’ ability to use language to communicate successfully in different sociocultural situations and solve communication problems as they arise. The main features of cooperative and interactive methods of teaching which contribute to forming intercultural competence of the US students are outlined. The research is focused on the theoretical analysis of many benefits that can result from using cooperative and interactive learning which are as follows: an increase in students’ own knowledge and enhancing their motivation, self-esteem, trust of peers, critical thinking, problem-solving and communication skills; students are actively concerned with sharing ideas and working cooperatively to complete tasks; positive impact on the social relations with students of different backgrounds. The application of the Socratic method of critical reading and the method of creative writing «RAFT» are considered in view of their effectiveness in forming the intercultural competence of American undergraduate students.

Fisher participation in monitoring: Does it help reduce excessive investment in fishing capacity?

The problem of excess capacity has persisted in many fisheries worldwide, threatening the sustainability of fisheries, even in cases where there are regulatory restrictions on fishing inputs. Getting fishers involved in monitoring illegal fishing has been one of the solutions proposed to tackle excessive investment in fishing capacity. However, the real effects of participation in monitoring have not yet been investigated in a rigorous and quantitative way. Using survey data for small-scale fisheries under a Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries (TURFs) system in Vietnam, this study measures the extent of excess capacity at individual fisher level using a bootstrapped Data Envelopment Analysis and investigates the effects of fisher participation in monitoring on level of excess capacity by employing an Endogenous Switching Regression model. We find evidence of substantial excess capacity even under TURFs, with fishers on average operating at 59% capacity. However, the results also show that participation in monitoring contributes to a significant reduction in excess capacity. Non-monitors are likely to have short-sighted investment behavior while monitors are likely to be driven by perception about the management of TURFs, and long-term incentives in their investment behavior. Age, education, and alternative livelihood also help explain the variation in the level of excess capacity among fishers. Knowledge of the drivers of fisher investment are of critical importance to policy-makers to establish effective capacity management interventions. Engaging fishers in monitoring should be considered as one of the key strategies for reducing excess capacity. To promote fisher participation in monitoring, effort should be directed towards enhancing awareness of the consequences of illegal fishing and building fisher trust in peers and local government officials.

Student help-seeking attitudes and behaviors in a digital era

This study examines college students’ attitudes and habits for seeking academic help. Students preferences for seeking academic help via digital and non-digital technologies are identified (N = 438). Students’ attitudes about seeking help are also analyzed. Factor analysis results indicate six attitudinal factors motivated students to seek help from peers and instructors: students’ perceived usefulness of their peers; trust of peers; their perception of instructors; preference to work independently; overall perception of the course; and, perceived threat (i.e. sense of vulnerability about their ability). Overwhelmingly, students prefer to seek help from classmates rather than instructors. Due to the cohort model of the programs –where students take all or most their courses with the same students throughout the program– they seek help more in person than via using digital resources (texting, social media). Multiple linear regression analysis indicates that perceived threat, perception of instructors, and students’ preference to work independently, are significant in predicting whether students sought help from instructors outside of class. Implications of these findings are discussed.

The Interplay Between Trust Among Peers and Interpersonal Characteristics in Homophobic Bullying Among Italian Adolescents

This study is based on exploring the trust between peers and the individual characteristics related to homophobic bullying in adolescence. Participants were 334 adolescents (141 boys and 193 girls) aged from 15 to 20 years. Participants completed the homophobic bullying scale, to investigate bullying actions towards sexual minorities, the personal attributes questionnaire, for personal characteristics, and the inventory of parent and peer attachment, to the trust between peers. The results demonstrated how female participants manifested a higher level of interpersonal traits and trust among peers than boys. Results showed how a lack of trust between peers predicts homophobic bullying. Nevertheless, we found that the lack of interpersonal characteristics represents a variable that likely mediates the relationship between lack of trust in peers and homophobic bullying. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

A Study on Exploring the Influencing Factors of Male Police Officers’ Trust on Female Police Officers

이 연구는 남성경찰관이 여성경찰관을 동료로써 인식하고 신뢰하고 있는가? 라는 다소 회의적인 물음에서 시작되었다. 신뢰는 협력에 따른 인지된 불확실성을 줄여주고, 위험을 무릅써야 하는 행동을 용이하게 하기에 위험하고 돌발적인 업무상황에 자주 노출되는 경찰의 특성상 동료간의 신뢰가 필수적이다. 동료신뢰를 저해하는 요인을 탐색함에 있어서 크게 개인관련 특성(신뢰성향, 권위에 대한 동조, 여성경찰과 근무경험), 조직관련 특성(양가적 성차별, 조직의 양성평등 정도), 그리고 여성경찰 특성(능력과 배려, 개인주의)으로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 또한 동료신뢰는 인지적 신뢰와 정서적 신뢰로 유형을 세분화하여 살펴보았다. 연구결과를 토대로 남녀경찰관의 신뢰향상을 위하여 여자경찰을 동료로 인식함에 있어서 저해요인 및 조직분위기 개선방안을 살펴보고, 동료간 상호신뢰를 바탕으로 업무성과 제고에 기여할 수 있는 현실적인 인적자원관리 방안을 모색해보고자 한다.This article started from a question that if male police officers who takes up the majority of the organization perceive female police officers as their partners and trust them. Trust reduces the perceived uncertainty associated with collaboration, facilitates actions to take risks, and promotes cooperation and constructive attitudes. This is the reason the trust among colleagues is essential due to the nature of the police which are often exposed to dangerous and unexpected situations during their tasks. In other words, if the trust between male and female police officers is not assured as a colleague, it will have a negative influence not only on the individual members but also on the performance of the organization. In order to examine the factors that inhibit peer trust, factors were classified into personal characteristics(personal tendency to trust, accordance with authority, previous work experience with female police), organizational characteristics (ambiguous sexual discrimination, and the degree of gender equality in the organization) and female police characteristics(ability and consideration, individualism). Also, peer trust is divided into cognitive trust and emotional trust. Based on the results of this study, it examined the factors of inhibition and the improvement of organizational atmosphere in recognizing female officers as colleagues to improve the trust between male and female police officers, and looking for a practical human resource management plan that can contribute to improving work performance based on mutual trust among colleague officers.

The relative influence of trustor and trustee individual differences on peer assessments of trust

This study extends research on the antecedents of peer trust by examining team member trust relationships over time in order to examine the relative influence of both trustor and trustee individual differences on assessments of trust, as well as the mutual nature of trust. Data from 216 individuals embedded in 71 project teams were collected on three different occasions using multiple sources. Analyses using the group actor-partner interdependence model indicated both trustor and trustee cognitive and noncognitive individual differences including general mental ability, knowledge, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience contributed to being trusted and trusting others. Trust among team members was mutual within, but not across time periods. This study expands our understanding of peer trust by revealing the relative importance of trustor and trustee individual differences.

Employee Readiness for Organizational Change: A Case Study in an Export Oriented Manufacturing Firm in Sri Lanka

In this article, we investigated the relationships between organizational commitment, trust in peers and management and employee change readiness. The effects of demographic factors such as gender, age, and working experience on employees’ organizational commitment, trust in peers and management and their change readiness were also examined. We conducted a cross sectional questionnaire survey to collect data from a sample of 185 randomly selected employees in an export oriented business firm in Sri Lanka. Pearson Productmoment Correlation test was used to test the strength and direction of the relationships in the hypotheses. A Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed to analyse the relationships between demographic variables and the three main variables concerned. This article unveiled that organizational commitment and trust in peers and management were significantly and positively correlated to employee readiness for organizational change. The article also revealed the significant association of certain demographic factors with trust in peers and management and employee readiness.

First empirical evaluation of outcomes for mentalization-based group therapy for adolescents with BPD.

Adolescent borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a devastating disorder, and it is essential to identify and treat the disorder in its early course. A total of 34 female Danish adolescents between 15 and 18 years old participated in 1 year of structured mentalization-based group therapy. Twenty-five adolescents completed the study, of which the majority (23) displayed improvement regarding borderline symptoms, depression, self-harm, peer-attachment, parent-attachment, mentalizing, and general psychopathology. Enhanced trust in peers and parents in combination with improved mentalizing capacity was associated with greater decline in borderline symptoms, thereby pointing to a candidate mechanism responsible for the efficacy of the treatment. The current study provides a promising rationale for the further development and evaluation of group-format mentalization-based treatment for adolescents with borderline traits. (PsycINFO Database Record

Factors related to resilience of academically gifted students in the chinese cultural and educational environment

AbstractThis study examined variables in three domains (personal, parent support, and peer support) for their relationships with the resilience of academically gifted students in the Chinese cultural and educational environment. The participants were 484 academically gifted students in two highly competitive secondary schools (so‐called “key” schools) in a metropolitan city in southern China. The constructs measured in the personal domain were resilience, hope, creativity, and curiosity. The constructs measured in the domain of parent support were parent trust, parent communication, and parent alienation. The constructs measured in the peer support domain were peer trust, peer communication, and peer alienation. Three nested regression models showed that the personal constructs (hope, creativity, and curiosity) were all related to the resilience of the academically gifted students. Parent support variables did not exhibit predictive effects over and above that of the personal constructs, but peer support variables did show additional predictive effects over and beyond personal variables and parent support variables. Explanations and implications were discussed for the findings, and some limitations of the study were also discussed.

Afraid of Scooping – Case Study on Researcher Strategies against Fear of Scooping in the Context of Open Science

The risk of scooping is often used as a counter argument for open science, especially open data. In this case study I have examined openness strategies, practices and attitudes in two open collaboration research projects created by Finnish researchers, in order to understand what made them resistant to the fear of scooping. The radically open approach of the projects includes open by default funding proposals, co-authorship and community membership. Primary sources used are interviews of the projects’ founding members. The analysis indicates that openness requires trust in close peers, but not necessarily in research community or society at large. Based on the case study evidence, focusing on intrinsic goals, like new knowledge and bringing about ethical reform, instead of external goals such as publications, supports openness. Understanding fundaments of science, philosophy of science and research ethics, can also have a beneficial effect on willingness to share. Whether there are aspects in open sharing that makes it seem riskier from the point of view of certain demographical groups within research community, such as women, could be worth closer inspection.

Examining the antecedents of Facebook acceptance via structural equation modeling: A case of CEGEP students

Although the last decade has witnessed social networking sites of varied flavors, Facebook’s user growth continues to balloon, and relatedly, Facebook remains popular among the college populace. While there has been a growing body of work on ascertaining antecedents of Facebook use among college students, Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (CEGEP) students’ acceptance of Facebook remains underexplored. The purpose of this study was to analyze CEGEP students’ acceptance of Facebook using the technology acceptance model (TAM). Structural equation modeling was conducted on data from a survey of 214 CEGEP students. We find that Facebook use is motivated by the core TAM constructs as well as the added factors of peer influence, perceived enjoyment, perceived self-efficacy, relative advantage, risk, and trust.

Factors Influencing the Breastfeeding Practices of Young Mothers Living in a Maternity Shelter: A Qualitative Study.

Young mothers have the lowest breastfeeding rates in Canada. Young mothers and their infants who access maternity shelters are especially at risk for poor outcomes, some of which breastfeeding may help to mitigate, yet little is known of the breastfeeding practices of this population. Research aim: The purpose of this study was to answer the research question, "What factors influence the breastfeeding practices of young mothers who live or have lived in a maternity shelter?" The study was conducted using interpretive description methodology and inductive content analysis. Data were collected by means of one-on-one interviews, with the participants recruited from a maternity shelter in Ontario, Canada. Nine young mothers ages 17 to 24 years, who had initiated breastfeeding and resided at a maternity shelter, were interviewed. The five themes that emerged from the data were as follows: (a) choice, (b) special, (c) importance of early postpartum support, (d) being part of the "in crowd," and (e) importance of ongoing supports. The participants in this study took ownership of their choice to breastfeed. Hospital postpartum nurses and lactation consultants had a critical role in the establishment of early breastfeeding, and ongoing, accessible, and nonjudgmental peer, family, and community support were important to breastfeeding duration. A combination of emotional and practical supports from multiple trusted sources, including professional and peer supports on an ongoing basis, enabled young mothers to reach their breastfeeding goals.

Interpersonal trust in organisations: an empirical investigation of workplace outcomes in two countries

This research hypothesised that particular workplace behavioural outcomes can be explained by interpersonal trust, considering the traditional perspectives on trust as a social glue lowering transaction costs. We employed an approach of distinguishing three trust objects, namely, trust in peers, trust in the supervisor, and trust in top management. Survey data on interpersonal trust, affective commitment (AC), intention to turnover (ITT), job satisfaction (JS) and job performance (JP) was collected from professionals working in Turkey (N = 134) and the USA (N = 150). Data were analysed using partial least square based structural equation modelling. Findings in general suggested a normative point of view of trust, and discussions from comparative cultural contexts were given. Evidence shows that AC was positively associated with trust in peers and trust in top management in both countries. JS was explained by trust in supervisors in the US sample, whereas trust in top management predicted JS in the Turkey sample. ITT, due to its economic-grained nature, did not associate with any of the trust variables, implying the distinction between social exchange and economic exchange. JP and trust were inversely associated in the samples from both countries, revealing a team effect and contradicting the initial hypothesis. Practical implications were discussed.

The relationship between attachment, the selfconscious emotions of shame and guilt & problem behavior in adolescents

A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the relationship between attachment, the self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt, and problem behavior in adolescents. The study was performed in clinical adolescents aged 13-18 years (N = 31) who had been in contact with the Child Care and Protection Agency. They completed questionnaires measuring shame and guilt, the quality of the attachment relationship and the extent of problem behavior. Results demonstrated that communication, a positive dimension of attachment, was positively associated with various forms of shame and guilt. It was found that trust in parents and peers was associated with a higher extent of conduct problems and hyperactivity. Results also revealed that guilt (unambiguous) was positively correlated with pro-social behavior. Shame (ambiguous) was positively associated with emotional symptoms. Regression analysis showed that both age and gender accounted for an independent and significant proportion of the variance in children’s problem behavior. Altogether, these results fit with the theory that attachment (in)security is involved in the extent of problem behavior and people’s proneness to experience self-conscious emotions.