Peer Trust Research Articles

Relations between school climates and bullying behaviors in Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of prosocial tendency

This research investigated the relationships between school climates and bullying behaviors in Chinese adolescents, and tested the mediating effect of prosocial tendency according to the seesaw effect. School climates were operationalized using three constructs: subjective diversity of student development goals, teacher support, and peer trust. Bullying behaviors included traditional (i.e., physical, nonphysical, and relational) and cyber bullying behaviors. We recruited 538 adolescents from three schools in Beijing, China (286 girls, 252 boys; average age = 12.47) and asked them to fill out the surveys measuring school climates and prosocial tendency at the outset and to report school bullying behaviors three months later. The results showed that subjective diversity of student development goals and peer trust were directly associated with less cyber bullying behavior. Moreover, teacher support and peer trust were indirectly associated with less traditional bullying behaviors via prosocial tendency. Our findings extend the existing literature on the relationships between school climates and bullying behaviors by incorporating different types of bullying behaviors, concentrating on Chinese adolescents from a cultural viewpoint, and tapping into the underlying mechanism via revealing prosocial tendency as a mediator. Theoretical and empirical contributions of this study, as well as practical implications are discussed.

Trust and Control in Franchise Networks: A Dyadic, Multi-Referent Analysis on Franchisee Network Exit Intentions

We adopt a dyadic, multi-referent trust perspective to assess the effects of franchisee–franchisor trust (in)congruence and franchisee trust in peers on franchisee network exit intentions, under varying levels of franchisee perceived network control. We observe a nuanced relationship between trust (in)congruence and exit intentions, revealing a negative and nonlinear effect for trust congruence, and, surprisingly, a negative effect for incongruence. The effects of trust congruence and trust in peers are distinctively moderated by perceived control; when franchisees perceive stronger control, the negative effect of trust congruence on exit intentions becomes stronger, whereas the insignificant effect of peer trust becomes positive.

A meta-analysis of antecedents and consequences of trust in the sharing economy

PurposeTrust plays a crucial role in overcoming uncertainty and reducing risks. Uncovering the trust mechanism in the sharing economy may enable sharing platforms to design more effective marketing strategies. However, existing studies have inconsistent conclusions on the trust mechanism in the sharing economy. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antecedents and consequences of different dimensions of trust (trust in platform and trust in peers) in the sharing economy.Design/methodology/approachFirst, we conducted a meta-analysis of 57 related articles. We tested 13 antecedents of trust in platform (e.g. economic benefits, enjoyment, and information quality) and eight antecedents of trust in peers (e.g. offline service quality and providers’ reputation), as well as their consequences. Then, we conducted subgroup analyses to test the moderating effects of economic development level (Developed vs Developing), gender (Female-dominant vs Male-dominant), platform type (Accommodation vs Transportation), role type (Obtainers vs Providers), and uncertainty avoidance (Strong vs Weak).FindingsThe results confirm that all antecedents and consequences significantly affect trust in platform or peers to varying degrees. Moreover, trust in platform greatly enhances trust in peers. Besides, the results of the moderating effect analyses demonstrate the variability of antecedents and consequences of trust under different subgroups.Originality/valueThis paper provides a clear and holistic view of the trust mechanism in the sharing economy from an object-based trust perspective. The findings may offer insights into trust-building in the sharing economy.

The Impact of Companion on the Consumption Behavior of Students in China

This study investigates the influence of peers on the consumption patterns of Chinese adolescents, synthesizes the existing research, and suggests coping strategies that may assist adolescents in achieving consumption patterns that are healthier and more sustainable in the face of peer pressure. According to the results, the guidance and influence of peers play a significant role in the purchasing decisions of Chinese adolescents. Peer influence has both positive and negative effects on individuals' consuming behaviors, including value perception, affective experience, and the desire to repurchase; the effect of perceived peer trust, control, and allure on inconsistent judgments. Peer influence has a negative impact on the consuming activities of individuals, including their value perception, affective experience, and desire to repurchase. The most apparent manifestation of peer influence is an increase in consumption knowledge and assistance in the process of developing one's own unique consumption patterns. Students struggling with consumer psychology and motivation in higher education should be referred to school-based psychological counseling services in order to receive the necessary psychological intervention and assistance.

Teacher-student relationships and hope among rural adolescents: a moderated mediation model

ABSTRACT Considerable studies have examined the influence of family environment on adolescents’ hope, but few studies have discussed the influence of school environment on adolescents’ hope, and even fewer have investigated the mediating and moderating mechanisms between teacher-student relationships and hope among rural adolescents. To address these research gaps, this study combined Bernardo’s hope theory, the self-determination theory (SDT), and the protective-protective model to examine the influence of teacher-student relationships on hope, the mediating effect of school engagement, and the moderating effect of peer trust among rural adolescents. A sample of 1373 adolescents from four rural secondary schools in Fujian province completed questionnaires on teacher-student relationships, school engagement, peer trust, and hope. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between teacher-student relationships, school engagement, peer trust, and hope. Moderated mediation analysis showed that teacher-student relationships could directly predict hope and indirectly predict hope through the mediating effect of school engagement. Peer trust positively moderated the relationship between teacher-student relationships and school engagement, but not the relationship between teacher-student relationships and hope. This study highlights the mechanism of teacher-student relationships on hope from the perspective of the school environment and provides a reference for promoting rural adolescents’ hope.

Lecturers' interpersonal trust in peers, job performance, and OCBI: examining the mediating role of positive affect during the Covid-19 pandemic utilizing the PLSe2 estimator

PurposeGuided by the affective events theory (AET), the purpose of this paper was to explore the impact of interpersonal trust in peers, as an affective work event, on two affect-driven behaviors (i.e. job performance and organizational citizenship behavior toward individuals [OCBI]) via positive affect during the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly in the Asia–Pacific region.Design/methodology/approachThis study is quantitative in approach, and longitudinal survey study in design. The authors collected data from lecturers in 2020 at the beginning, at the end and two months after the first Covid-19 lockdown in Malaysia. Then, the authors utilized the efficient partial least squares (PLSe2) estimator to investigate the relationships between the variables, while also considering gender as a control variable.FindingsThe findings show that positive affect fully mediates the relationship between interpersonal trust in peers and job performance and partially mediates the relationship between interpersonal trust in peers and OCBI. Given that gender did not demonstrate any significant relationships with interpersonal trust in peers, positive affect, job performance and OCBI, the recommended policies can be universally developed and applied, irrespective of the gender of academics.Originality/value This research contributes originality by integrating the widely recognized theoretical framework of AET and investigating a less explored context, specifically the Malaysian higher education sector during the challenging initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the authors adopt a novel and robust methodological approach, utilizing the efficient partial least squares (PLSe2) estimator, to thoroughly examine and validate the longitudinal theoretical model from both explanatory and predictive perspectives.

“Who is Anders Tegnell?” Unanswered questions hamper COVID-19 vaccine uptake: A qualitative study among ethnic minorities in Sweden

BackgroundDespite high COVID-19 vaccination coverage in many European countries, vaccination uptake has been lower among ethnic minorities, including in Sweden. This is in spite of the increased risk of contracting the virus and targeted efforts to vaccinate among first and second generation migrants. The aim of this study was to understand this dilemma by investigating ethnic minorities’ perceptions and their experience of accessing the COVID-19 vaccine. MethodsThis is a qualitative study drawing on 18 semi-structured interviews with health volunteers working in ethnic minority communities and with participants from the two largest ethnic minorities in Sweden (Syria and Somalia). Deductive qualitative analysis was completed using the 3C model by WHO (Complacency, Confidence and Convenience). ResultsComplacency does not appear to be a barrier to intention to vaccinate. Participants are well aware of COVID-19 risk and the benefits of the vaccine. However, confidence in vaccine poses a barrier to uptake and there are a lot of questions and concerns about vaccine side effects, efficacy and related rumors. Confidence in health providers, particularly doctors is high but there was a sense of conflicting information. Accessing individually tailored health information and health providers is not convenient and a major reason for delaying vaccination or not vaccinating at all. Trust in peers, schools and faith-leaders is high and constitute pathways for effective health information sharing. ConclusionEthnic minorities in Sweden are willing to get vaccinated against COVID-19. However, to increase vaccination uptake, access to individually tailored and face to face health information to answer questions about vaccine safety, efficacy, conflicting information and rumors is urgently required.

Online Peer Counselor Training to Optimize Sexual Education for High School Students

Peer relationships have a strong role in the lives of adolescents because these relationships can lead to mutual trust in peers compared to teachers or parents. Based on some research results, students need the help of others to optimize their development. One of the needs of high school students to complete their developmental tasks is sex education. The urgency of sex education is very important, but it is still considered by society. One of the efforts that can be made to campaign for sex education is through the process of peer guidance and counseling. Sex education can utilize peer relationships through peer counselors. The purpose of peer counselors is to help socialize the role and function of guidance and counseling, one of which is to guide the form of sex education socialization. With the advancement of technology, it is easier for peer counselors to provide services through online platforms. Of course, peer counselors need to be given training from professionals such as guidance and counseling teachers. Therefore, this article is written using the literature study method to describe the urgency, effectiveness, and benefits of online peer counselor training to optimize sex education in high school students.

Profile Variables, Organizational Commitment, Trust in Peers and Management, and Readiness for Organizational Change: An Analysis towards Framework Development

The study investigates the profile variables, organizational commitment, trust in peers and management, and readiness for organizational change toward framework development. This research utilizes a sequential mixed methods approach in the research design to answer the research problems at hand. A sequential mixed method research design is utilized by the researcher in collecting both quantitative and qualitative data, then analyzing and comparing them separately to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm with each other. Hence, purposive sampling is employed in gathering the sample size which is a non-probability sampling using the set criteria of the study. The study comprised four hundred respondents only. Results show that the majority of the respondents are master’s degrees which are needed in organizational change, commitment, and trust in peers. They have the necessary skills in leadership. Indeed, the extent of organizational commitment of employees shows that the company offers training and education relevant to their job at the correct time and the company offers promotions without any discrepancy at the correct time as part of the organizational commitment in addition to the benefits received by the employees beyond expectation. In addition, the extent of trust in peers & management of employees shows that employees trust their colleagues and support during the change process where they express their readiness in the implementation of the change among the respondents. They are willing to suggest and support higher education institutions. Similarly, the extent of employee readiness for organizational change shows that employees are willing to support the change process of the higher educational institutions and are willing to take responsibility for the change process where they can create new ideas and suggestions in times of change because they are also willing to learn especially in the innovation process of the change.

The Interplay Between Physical Activity and Psychological, Social, and Perceived Health in Juvenile Corrections Facilities

ABSTRACT Physical activity (PA) and its contributions to wellbeing are understudied among incarcerated youth. We used 2019 Minnesota Student Survey data to describe PA rates and test PA’s associations with indicators of psychological, social, and perceived health for adolescents in juvenile corrections facilities (JCFs). Participants (n = 265, 29% female, m age = 15.4 years) self-reported days of 60 min of PA in the previous week. They also reported how often they experienced joy and energy and built trusting peer relationships, as well as how they perceived their overall health and symptoms of anxiety and depression. We calculated descriptive statistics and tested PA’s associations with psychological, social, and perceived health variables among the full sample, then stratified by sex, with unadjusted and age-adjusted models. Female and male youth averaged over 5 days of 60 min of PA. PA was positively, significantly associated with experiencing joy and energy, building trusting peer relationships, and having better perceived health, though sex-related differences emerged. PA was unassociated with anxiety and depression. Results suggest PA rates are high in JCFs, though quality remains unclear. While PA is positively associated with certain developmental outcomes for incarcerated youth, PA alone seems insufficient for mitigating their mental health concerns.

Factors Influencing Continuance Intention of Time-Sharing Cars

Time-sharing cars, as a sustainable model for transport, have seen rapid developments in recent years. Prior studies on car sharing paid little attention to the continuance intention among users. But understanding ways to cultivate user habits is important to enhance car sharing’s contribution to sustainability. Based on the expectation confirmation model (ECM), this study adopts a user-centered perspective to explore factors affecting the continuance intention of time-sharing electric vehicles through personal cognitive variables (i.e., psychological ownership, familiarity, and trust) and external environmental variables (i.e., facilitating conditions and service quality). An online survey was conducted, and a total of 1072 valid samples were collected. The results of the structural equation modeling show that offline service quality and facilitating conditions had the greatest impact on the perceptions of usefulness and satisfaction users have for car sharing. Perceived usefulness and satisfaction positively predicted continuance intention, as in the ECM. Among customer variables, environmentalism, familiarity, and trust in peers positively predicted the perceived usefulness of car sharing. Psychological ownership played a subtle function by negatively affecting perceived usefulness but positively affecting satisfaction. We discuss the findings and practical implications for stakeholders and offer suggestions for future research.

Peer trust and prosocial behavior among rural left-behind adolescents: The negative moderating role of hope

ABSTRACT Based on the positive youth development (PYD) framework, the protective-protective model, and the conservation of resources theory, this study examined the negative moderating effect of hope between peer trust and six types of prosocial behaviors (emotional, dire, altruistic, compliant, anonymous, and public) among rural left behind adolescents (LBAs) and analyzed the difference of the moderating effect of hope between LBAs and nonLBAs. A total of 700 rural LBAs and 673 rural non-LBAs in Fujian province were surveyed using the Peer Trust Scale, Hope Scale, and Prosocial Tendencies Measure. Correlation analysis showed that peer trust, hope, and six types of prosocial behaviors were all positively correlated. Moderated analysis revealed that peer trust had a stronger influence on emotional, dire, altruistic, and compliant prosocial behavior under a low level of hope in LBAs. Compared with LBAs, hope did not moderate the relationship between peer trust and emotional, dire, and compliant prosocial behavior in non-LBAs. This study revealed the moderating mechanism of LBAs’ peer trust and prosocial behavior and might help them to improve their prosocial behavior.

A Framework for Decentralized, Real-Time Reputation Aggregation in IoV

With the rapid increase in the number of connected and autonomous vehicles, there is a growing concern about the potential road accidents and collisions caused by malicious vehicles. A reputation system can help to mitigate these concerns and allow users to have safe journeys by providing a way to identify and estimate the behaviour of individual vehicles and to take appropriate actions in case of any malicious behaviour. Centralised reputation systems are widely used for reputation aggregation, but this setup requires Peer trust and could be a single point of attack. The alternative to a centralised system is the decentralised reputation system for IoV, in which the reputation information is collected and maintained by the vehicles rather than a central authority. There are several key considerations when designing a secure reputation aggregation system for the IoV. These include: i) It should ensure that vehicle feedback about other vehicles is kept private; ii) vehicles' interaction networks and positions should be protected; and iii) computations should be decentralised and not resource-intensive. Adopting a decentralised reputation system within IoV using blockchain can enhance security and privacy and mitigate many security concerns. In this article, we proposed a blockchain-based reputation system which ensures the privacy of participants and provides secure and resilient reputation computation. The reputation value reflects the aggregate trustworthiness of vehicles and this is computed via feedback provided by the vehicles in a decentralized way. We analysed the security and privacy of the proposed system and provided the computation and communication performance.

The Mediating Effect of Trust on Psychological Safety and Job Satisfaction

This research aims to assess the relationship of psychological safety and trust on employee job satisfaction. Individual job satisfaction is essential to personal and professional accomplishments, impacting team success, and achieving optimal organizational performance. A safe environment is a critical factor to achieve job satisfaction. When employees feel safe, learning occurs more quickly, peers rely on each other, and team performance improves. Trust in peers and management influences psychological safety development. Therefore, understanding the role of psychological safety and trust in the development of engaged employees is essential. In this paper, we approach the idea that psychological safety is a prerequisite to trust, and we believe trust mediates the relationship between psychological safety and job satisfaction. A quantitative approach using correlation and mediation tested the theory of the effect trust has on psychological safety and job satisfaction. Responses from 283 nurses at a large teaching hospital revealed that psychological safety is linked to job satisfaction and mediated by trust. Overall, this study suggests that psychological safety precedes trust and collectively increases individual job satisfaction. Managers can draw upon the potential, but frequently untapped benefits, of cultivating a safe space by developing a sincere and trusting relationship with employee-partners thus increasing job satisfaction.

Sustained increase in depression and anxiety among psychiatrically healthy adolescents during late stage COVID-19 pandemic.

Adolescents have experienced increases in anxiety, depression, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and may be at particular risk for suffering from long-term mental health consequences because of their unique developmental stage. This study aimed to determine if initial increases in depression and anxiety in a small sample of healthy adolescents after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were sustained at follow-up during a later stage of the pandemic. Fifteen healthy adolescents completed self-report measures at three timepoints (pre-pandemic [T1], early pandemic [T2], and later pandemic [T3]). The sustained effect of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety was examined using linear mixed-effect analyses. An exploratory analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation during COVID-19 at T2 and increases in depression and anxiety at T3. The severity of depression and anxiety was significantly increased at T2 and sustained at T3 (depression: Hedges' g [T1 to T2] = 1.04, g [T1 to T3] = 0.95; anxiety: g [T1 to T2] = 0.79, g [T1 to T3] = 0.80). This was accompanied by sustained reductions in positive affect, peer trust, and peer communication. Greater levels of difficulties in emotion regulation at T2 were related to greater symptoms of depression and anxiety at T3 (rho = 0.71 to 0.80). Increased symptoms of depression and anxiety were sustained at the later stage of the pandemic in healthy adolescents. Replication of these findings with a larger sample size would be required to draw firm conclusions.

Interacțiunile dintre atașamentul față de părinți și relațiile interpersonale

The study of family relationships and their influence on the nature of a child’s interaction with others is of particular importance. The article presents an overview of domestic and foreign publications on this issue, as well as the results of an empirical study of the influence of relationships with parents, which form their safety by maintaining proximity. The empirical study involved 10th-12th grade students aged 15 to 19 years (99 girls and 88 boys). Two inventories were applied: 1. The Inventory of Attachment to Parents and Peers (IPPA) – which provided information on the adolescent’s perception of the quality of attachment in relation to parents and peers. 2. Inventory of Interpersonal Problems - identification of the types of problems that appear in interpersonal relationships at the adolescent age. The obtained results allow us to state that adolescents with secure attachment, to male subjects compared to female subjects, demonstrate both similarity tendencies (type: dominant, vindictive, inhibited, insecure, friendly) and difference tendencies (type: distant, submissive, intrusive). At the same time, teenagers with a high level of trust in peers and positive communication denote an increased weight of the friendly relational type.

Students’ Trust and Their Educational Trajectory after Graduation

The article is devoted to the role of students’ trust in shaping their educational trajectory after graduation. In particular, the question is how students’ trust in the actors of higher education (peers, teachers and university management) is related to their intention to continue their education in the specialty received after graduating from a bachelor’s or specialist’s degree. The nature of trust refers not only to the psychological characteristics of a person, but also finds its roots in social relations. When studying educational trajectories this hallmark of trust makes it possible to shift the focus from socio-economic, institutional, gender, and psychological factors that are regularly in the field of researchers’ attention to relational ones, which appear relatively rarely in their field of interest. The work uses data from a sociological survey of students of Russian universities. The results obtained are that students’ trust in university management, in contrast to their trust in other actors, is the most significant indicator that they will continue their education in their specialty after graduation. Students’ trust in peers and teachers are less stable factors. In addition, the addressee of trust, rather than the radius, is more important for students to decide whether to continue their education in their specialty after graduation.

Longitudinal Effects of Parental Maltreatment on Peer Trust in Early Adolescence: Mediating Effects of Ego-Identity, Self-Esteem, and Depression

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the longitudinal effects of parental maltreatment(age 9) on peer trust in early adolescence(age 12) mediated by ego-identity, self-esteem, and depression(age 11).Methods: This study used data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2010 (KCYPS 2010). Three waves of data (4·6·7th waves of the 1st grade cohort panel data set) collected from 1,926 children were analyzed. Finally, bootstrapping was conducted with SPSS 26.0 and Process macro program version 4.1 to examine the mediating effects of the hypothesized model.Results: First, parental maltreatment perceived at age 9 was found to have a significant effect on peer trust at age 12(β = -.15, <i>p</i> < .001). In addition, parental maltreatment positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with ego-identity and self-esteem. Moreover, ego-identity and self-esteem were found to have indirect negative effects on peer trust mediated by depression. Finally, because of verifying the significance of the mediating effect using bootstrapping, the effect size was -.031(95% CI [-.040, -.024]). Thus, ego-identity, self-esteem, and depression partially mediated the relationship between parental maltreatment during late childhood and peer trust in early adolescence.Conclusion: This study verified the longitudinal effects of parental maltreatment on peer trust mediated by ego-identity, self-esteem, and depression. These findings highlight the importance of parent education on child abuse and the necessity of timely follow-up interventions. This study attempted to provide a more solid framework to understand the severe consequences of parental maltreatment, thus contributing to eradicating the vicious cycle of violence.

A study on the relationship between parental emotional warmth, teacher-student relationships, peer trust and hope among rural adolescents

A study on the relationship between parental emotional warmth, teacher-student relationships, peer trust and hope among rural adolescents

Association of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis With Adolescent Quality of Life

Appropriate diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can improve some short-term outcomes in children and adolescents, but little is known about the association of a diagnosis with their quality of life (QOL). To compare QOL in adolescents with and without an ADHD diagnosis. This cohort study followed an emulated target trial design using prospective, observational data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, a representative, population-based prospective cohort study with biennial data collection from 2006 to 2018 with 8 years of follow-up (ages 6-7 to 14-15 years). Propensity score matching was used to ensure children with and without ADHD diagnosis were well matched on a wide range of variables, including hyperactive/inattentive (H/I) behaviors. Eligible children were born in 1999 to 2000 or 2003 to 2004 and did not have a previous ADHD diagnosis. All incident ADHD cases were matched with controls. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to January 2022. Incident parent-reported ADHD diagnosis at age 6 to 7, 8 to 9, 10 to 11, 12 to 13, or 14 to 15. Quality of life at age 14 to 15 was measured with Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) and 8 other prespecified, self-reported measures mapped to the World Health Organization's QOL domains. Pooled regression models were fitted for each outcome, with 95% CIs and P values calculated using bootstrapping to account for matching and repeat observations. Of 8643 eligible children, a total of 393 adolescents had an ADHD diagnosis (284 [72.2%] boys; mean [SD] age, 10.03 [0.30] years; mean [SD] H/I Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire score, 5.05 [2.29]) and were age-, sex-, and H/I score-matched with 393 adolescents without ADHD diagnosis at time zero. Compared with adolescents without diagnosis, those with an ADHD diagnosis reported similar QOL on CHU9D (mean difference, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.01; P = .10), general health (mean difference, 0.11; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.27; P = .15), happiness (mean difference, -0.18; 95% CI, -0.37 to 0.00; P = .05), and peer trust (mean difference, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.00 to 1.30; P = .05). Diagnosed adolescents had worse psychological sense of school membership (mean difference, -2.58; 95% CI, -1.13 to -4.06; P < .001), academic self-concept (mean difference, -0.14; 95% CI, -0.02 to -0.26; P = .02), and self-efficacy (mean difference, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.33; P = .007); displayed more negative social behaviors (mean difference, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.55 to 2.66; P = .002); and were more likely to harm themselves (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.49 to 4.37; P < .001) than adolescents without diagnosis. In this cohort study, ADHD diagnosis was not associated with any self-reported improvements in adolescents' QOL compared with adolescents with similar levels of H/I behaviors but no ADHD diagnosis. ADHD diagnosis was associated with worse scores in some outcomes, including significantly increased risk of self-harm. A large, randomized clinical trial with long-term follow-up is needed.