Pavlodar Region Research Articles

Prospects of cultivation and production of fireweed in the north-east of Kazakhstan

The article is devoted to the study of the prospects of fireweed cultivation and production in the northeast of Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis of literary sources, got data on the chemical composition of fireweed, which has a rich chemical composition and excellent taste and aromatic properties. A wide range of useful properties of fireweed finds its application in food technology. The article describes the morphological, biological, and ecological characteristics of the local populations of fireweed. The results of introducing fireweed, to study the effective methods of summer and autumn sowing and planting in the conditions of the Zhelezinskii district of the Pavlodar region, are presented. The features of phenology and morphology of plants, depending on the timing and methods of sowing and planting, were studied. Based on the results of the research revealed the optimal methods of agrotechnics of growing fireweed in the northeast of Kazakhstan. Adapted to local conditions, technologies of harvesting and processing plant raw materials in Phyto tea were proposed. Based on the analysis of productivity of natural populations of fireweed, the effectiveness of its introduction into the culture and market conditions the economic prospects of production of Ivan tea based on local wild and cultivated plant raw materials.

The historiography of the demography of Pavlodar priirtyshye

The article provides a historiographic analysis of the demographic development of the population of Pavlodar region. As a result of comprehensive research in the context of a particular region, the influence of events of national history on the socio-demographic development were studied, which made it possible to identify the consequences of historical events in more depth. Classification, differentiation and analysis of regional features provides an opportunity to determine the impact on the demographic development of the population, serves as a basis for scientific hypothesis in determining the causes of socio-demographic problems. In the pre-revolutionary period, studies concerning the population of the Pavlodar region consisted mainly of statistical data provided by officials of the tsarist government and travelers. There are almost no special historical demographic studies. Pre-revolutionary studies consisted of statistical data provided by officials of the tsarist government and travelers. Most of the works written in Soviet times are characterized by an analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the population, problem of labour resources. Works during the years of Independence focus on an analysis of the colonial policy of the Tsarist government, the consequences of Soviet policy, the specifics and causes of socio-demographic development of regions.

Research of iron extraction from primary steelmaking slag

The article examines the issue of involving primary steel making slag in the processing with the extraction of iron and the production of slag, which can be used in the manufacture of construction products. Currently, primary steel slag is not used for the production of construction products due to the large amount of iron, and its use is limited to road construction and in most cases, primary slag is sent to landfills. In the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, during steel production at electric steel making enterprises, the resulting electric furnace slag and dust are stored in slag dumps. They are practically not used, despite their high content of iron oxides and metallic iron particles (up to 40% by weight in some types of slag). The work experimentally determined the chemical and mineralogical composition of primary electric furnace slag with a total iron content of more than 20%. The slag contains the following minerals: wüstite (FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4), gehlenite (Ca2Al(Al,Si)2O7), merwinite (Ca3Mg(SiO4)2). In the course of experimental studies on the recycling of primary electric furnace smelting slags by reduction induction melting of slag-lime-coke pellets, the possibility of extracting iron in the form of iron-carbon alloys and using the slags for the production of concrete was established.

Миграционный потенциал Казахстана в условиях современной геополитической ситуации (региональный аспект)

The article deals with the migration potential of Kazakhstan in the example of the Pavlodar region bordering Russia. The authors noted that as a result of recent active migration processes, Russia and Kazakhstan are beginning to experience migration pressure. Such changes in migration processes require the improvement of migration policy, taking into account global trends and rules. Within states, there are negative consequences of ignoring migration problems, which are expressed in a decrease in the population in some regions due to its migration to more «rich» regions; the destabilizing effect of the retirement of the able-bodied population; the growth of illegal migration; expanding the shadow sector of the economy through the uncontrolled use of migrant labor; corruption; the danger of terrorist actions; undermining national security. For this reason, the article mainly focuses on the ability of the state to form and implement a national migration policy, increase the international prestige of the country, and the attractiveness of the region in domestic migration policy. It is concluded that migration processes have an ambivalent political assessment since they can have both positive and negative impacts. The authors propose recommendations for a positive scenario of migration potential not only for the population of the Pavlodar region but also for all border areas of Kazakhstan. In order to understand the benefits of migration, as well as to develop measures to counteract its negative impact, a comprehensive political analysis of all components of the migration processes of border states is required. In preparing the article, the authors used the results of the sociological survey «Migration potential of the Pavlodar region» conducted by the authors and the research group of the NAO «Toraighyrov University», commissioned by the State Institution «Department of Information and Social Development of the Pavlodar Region».

Мониторинг видового состава вредителей яровой пшеницы на северо-востоке Казахстана

To prevent losses of wheat yield from pests, it is necessary to update information on the patterns of formation of the phytosanitary situation in agrobiocenoses, according to which protective measures are planned and organized. The aim of the scientific study is to monitor the phytophages of spring wheat according to ecological and geographical zones in the North-East of Kazakhstan (on the example of Pavlodar region). In the course of research, the evolutionary-ecological strategies of adaptations and life cycle tactics of phytophages in spring wheat crops, their trophic relationships, migration routes from crops to stations, and vice versa, influence of weather conditions of the growing season on reproduction, nutrition and their activity in agrocenoses, depending on the development phase of wheat were studied. The results obtained showed that starting from the germination and up to the stem elongation phase, cereal crops were colonized by latent-stem pests and Phyllotreta vittula. Schizaphis graminum, Psammotettix striatus, Trigonotylus ruficornis and Haplothrips tritici dominated in the stem elongation and heading phases. Haplothrips tritici in two forms (larvae and adults) and Schizaphis graminum dominated in the phase of grain formation-filling and milk development phase. The study showed that during the initial phases of wheat development, the majority of pests develop and feed on wild weed plants, subsequently migrating to the cereals. Thus, the conducted spring wheat crops research identified a complex of dominant crop pests (Haplothrips tritici, Chaetocnema hortensis, Phyllotreta vittula, Trigonotylus ruficornis, Psammotettix striatus) in the conditions of the North-East of Kazakhstan, but their distribution in general across the districts of the region and for different precedings is uneven.

Мавзолеи уақ әулие в лесном природном резервате "Ертіс орманы"

Based on the materials of an ethnographic expedition to study the mausoleums located in the State Forest Natural Reserve “Ertis Ormany”, the cult of saints - aulie and the practice of pilgrimage among the Kazakhs of the Pavlodar region are considered. Today, on the territory of the reserve there are seven sacred objects of regional significance: the mausoleums of Gabdul Uakhit Khazret, Shokman Kozha, Akhat mullah, Shakau mullah, Mergalym ata, Temirgali Nurekenov and the burial place of Sary baybishe. The construction of sacred objects by the descendants of the Kozha is supervised by the department of tourism and environmental education of the Ertis Ormany reserve within the framework of the “Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan” project of the “Rukhani Zhangyru” program. Department employees develop tourist routes to religious pilgrimage sites and conduct information and scientific work. The most famous object of religious pilgrimage is the mausoleum of Gabdul Uakhit Khazret. A developed infrastructure has been formed around it to satisfy all the needs of pilgrims: a good road to the site, information stands, parking, a guest house, places for ablution, sacrifice, eating, a well with good water). The construction of other pilgrimage sites on the territory of the reserve is taking place along the same path. Religious tourism is in demand in Kazakhstan. Its basis is primarily the cult of ancestors - the Aruaks. However, until recently, in the north of the country there were not many widely known and accessible sites for pilgrimage. The project “Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan” made it possible to identify them and begin to create a favorable environment for visiting them.

РОЛЬ САКРАЛЬНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ ПАВЛОДАРСКОГО ПРИИРТЫШЬЯ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО СОЗНАНИЯ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ РЕГИОНА

The study, using the example of mausoleums of the Pavlodar Irtysh region, revealed the role of sacred places in the formation of the historical consciousness of the inhabitants of the region. The territorial scope of the study is the state forest nature reserve “Ertis Ormany”, located on the territory of the Akkulinsky and Shcherbaktinsky districts of the Pavlodar region. Most of the mausoleums on the territory of the reserve are burials of religious fgures and missionaries of Islam. Main sources: thematic interviews, mass media, government strategies and programs.

Физико-географическое и гидрохимическое описание некоторых водоемов местного значения Павлодарской области исследованных в 2021 г.

Настоящая работа основана на данных по проведенной научно-исследовательской работе на озере Тяпка Аксуского района, на протоках Белая Майского района и Черная Теренкольского района, на речках Белая (Копь) и Лапа Актогайского района, Долгая Павлодарского района, в затонах Кротовский Павлодарского района и Башмачный Железинского района Павлодарской области. В работе анализируются морфологические, морфометрические и гидрохимические особенности водоемов исследованных в 2021 году. Дана краткая физико-географическая характеристика района исследования. Представлены гидрохимические описания водоемов по физико-химическим параметрам, газовому режиму, минерализации, содержанию органических и биогенных веществ, а также основных ионов, содержащихся в наибольшем количестве. Научно-исследовательские работы проводились в летний период 2021 года. Результаты гидрохимических исследований сравниваются с рыбохозяйственными нормативами.

New data on distribution of Montana striata (Kittary, 1849) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Platycleidini) in the eastern part of the range

Montana striata (Kittary, 1849) is recorded from the Novosibirsk (Russia) and Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) regions for the first time. The first locality (near Ozero-Karachi) is the easternmost one for the species. The ecologo-geographic model of the species distribution over the Asian part of its range is generated by the Maxent software for the first time as well.

Insecticidal potential of entomopathogenic nematodes of Northern Kazakhstan

The goal of this research experiment is to create a biological preparation based on predatory nematodes to control potato pests. 15 isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated: 13 were isolated from coniferous and mixed forests; 2 from soils of agricultural fields: 1 from a potato field, 1 from a field sown with perennial grasses. Nematodes were identified as Steinernematids based on the color of the corpses of larvae of Galleria mellonella and the morphology of males. Isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes from various habitats (forests, agricultural fields, grasslands) of Akmola and Pavlodar regions were isolated. Screening of isolates on the larvae of the seed nutcracker (Agriotes obscurus) was carried out. It is established that the wireworm is sensitive to all isolates. Of the 15 isolates tested, 12 of these isolates showed high mortality ability in relation to wireworm: about 50–70 % mortality in laboratory biotests; 3 isolates (AF 15, AF 22, and AS 36) could not cause more than 40 % of the average mortality of larvae. The screening results showed that the isolates AF 29, AF57, and KP76 are good isolates for further studies as a possible bioinsecticide agent against A. obscurus.

Selection of the most productive nutrient media for the cultivation of predatory nematodes

Modes of mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from various habitats of Akmola and Pavlodar regions were tested. As a result of the selection of nutrient media and cultivation conditions of entomopathogenic nematodes, the largest populations of nematodes (more than 100,000 young individuals/ml) were obtained on medium C11 containing yeast extract (23 g/l), egg yolk (13.5 g/l), and corn extract (40 g/l). On the 20th day of cultivation, the maximum concentration of viable nematodes was reached (123 856, 127 572, and 122 469 nematodes/ml for isolates AF 29, AF 57, and KP 76, respectively), which was maintained until the end of the experiments. During the process, the initial concentration of nematodes increased by more than 2 orders of magnitude. When working out the modes of mass production of nematodes on a semi-industrial scale, the populations of isolates AF 29, AF 57, and KP 76 in media amounted to 122 754, 131 784, and 126 521 nematodes per ml. The total volume of the resulting preparation was 50 liters. The obtained results are applicable in crop production in the fight against potato pests. \

Ergonomic potential of multicultural onomastic space

This article is devoted to the question of the laws governing the emergence and functioning of ergonyms in the multicultural onomastic space. This scientific work characterizes the place of ergonyms in the onomastic system of the city as a cultural component and as a product of the nominator's thought based and speech activity, that is, the owner. The authors define the semantic, structural and pragmatic features of the ergonymsnames of trading houses and shops of the administrative center of Pavlodar region, the city of Pavlodar. Structural-semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the analyzed ergonyms in a multicultural space become the key to a conceptual dialogue of cultures, in which the exchange of cultural values takes place. Ergonyms contain cultural information, that is, they have a “culturological charge”. Consequently, they reflect the peculiarities of the national perception of the world or another people. In this context, the authors perform a quantitative analysis of the linguistic corpus, present and characterize its classification. In addition, the specific functions of ergonyms inherent only to this category of proper names are determined. The study also revealsthe pragmatic features of the analyzed language material. The authors emphasize that the pragmatic characteristics of ergonyms are determined by the factor of economic competition. In this regard, this work defines the communication strategies of the owner of the enterprise (nominator) aimed at influencing the consumer in order to attract more customers. The authors also highlight and describe communicative tactics, which are a combination of the communication strategies indicated in the study.

Sugar industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan: current state and modernization reserves

The goal is to investigate the state and problems in the sugar industry in Kazakhstan. Methods – analysis of industry information from publicly available open sources, scientific literature, official materials of territorial administration, the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, industry experts and business entities. Results – the baseline is a conceptual model of a closed project for the northern and/or eastern regions of the country, which are characterized by significant acreage, cold autumn and winter periods, which contribute to a longer storage of sugar beets (with proper stacking of piles using forced ventilation systems). The necessity of a cluster approach to ensure sustainable d evelopment of sugar industry in the formation of a financial model is justified. Conclusions – the article presents material on world sugar production in 2019/2020, an overview of sugar product sub-complex in the republic, main beet-growing zones and their climatic conditions. Considering the problems of ensuring food security in Kazakhstan, it is noted that sugar market in Kazakhstan does not provide the industry and the population of the country with the necessary volumes. The proposed concept of the project for the northern and northeastern regions is visualized in the form of a block diagram. The authors note that there is experience in growing this crop in the North Kazakhstan and Pavlodar regions with more severe climatic conditions, in comparison with usual southern regions (Almaty and Zhambyl regions), which cannot be an obstacle to obtai ning products following the example of the Canadian company LanticRogers (Taber, Canada, Alberta).

SELECTION AND BREEDING WORK WITH KAZAKH HORSE TYPE ZHABE IN PEASANT FARMS OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article clarify the status of meat herd horses in farms of different forms of ownership in different natural and climatic zones of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The numerical composition of purebred horses of the Kazakh breed of the Zhabe type bred in the farms is analyzed. The purpose of this scientific work is to improve the breeding and productive qualities of Kazakh breed horses of Zhabe type in the horse farms of Karaganda, Zhambyl and Pavlodar regions. The novelty of the work is the development of the method of selection and breeding work to preserve and improve the heterozygosity of the Kazakh horse breed, with intensive breeding on a set of breeding traits. The characteristics of the studied animals in 2010 and 2015 are given: the Seleti breeding type with three breeding lines: Braslet, Zadorny, Pamir, and Zymyran 101-76 line. A comparative study of average measurements, body weight and indices was carried out. In the basic farms of purebred Kazakh horses of Zhabe type, the animals of elite clasmade up 33,1%, the first class - 42,6%, the second class - 24,3%. All main stallions-producers of the farms (n=73) were assigned to the elite class. The results of the bonitation indicate the consolidation of breeding qualities and the sufficiency of the animals for further breeding work

Results of application of organomineral fertilizer obtained with biocatalytic processes

Relevance. The results of a study on the use of organomineral fertilizers obtained using biocatalytic processes for detoxification of poultry waste and their influence on the growth and development of plants during the growing season are presented.Methodology. For poultry farms, it is necessary to create and introduce waste-free technologies for the preparation of fertilizers. To increase the efficiency of the fertilizer as a biological catalyst, we used a bacterial growth stimulator sodium humate, obtained by us according to a previously developed technology from brown coal from the Maikubenskoye deposit in the Republic of Kazakhstan («Method for producing sodium humate» Patent No. 4600 RK), as well as a sorbent based on sodium humate (a by-product of obtaining sodium humate), which was used to detoxify the feedstock and the resulting product from heavy metals and their salts due to its absorption-adsorption and complexing properties. For the developed technology for producing organic fertilizers, an application has been submitted for obtaining a Patent for the invention of the Republic of Kazakhstan «Method for producing organic fertilizers» (priority No. 2021-22818, dated July 13, 2021). Studies to determine the effectiveness of the resulting fertilizer were carried out on the experimental plots of the peasant farm «Flame», Pavlodar district of Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the soil intended for growing seedlings of tomatoes of the «Pepper-shaped Orange» variety and peppers of the «Bogatyr» variety, the resulting fertilizer was applied in an amount of 1 kg per 1 m2 of soil, which was dug to a depth of 8-10 cm and used for growing seedlings in greenhouses and in subsequent for planting it in open ground. xperimental and control studies were carried out under equivalent climatic conditions, scheme and technology of watering plants. In total, 100 bushes of each plant species were used in the experiment.Results. The use of the obtained organomineral fertilizer makes it possible to increase the yield of vegetable crops (tomatoes, peppers) by 20-25% in comparison with the control. In addition, in the experimental samples, an increase in the number of fruits on the bush was noted with an increase in their size, a decrease in the growing season and the number of damaged fruits.

Space images as one of the tools for the rangelands condition assessment in Kazakhstan

Relevance. Kazakhstan possesses enormous pasture resources, which in turn requires proper management and regulation. Drought, climate change, plant degradation and declining grazing resources have led to a shortage of feed , which led to massive livestock deaths in 2021. Lack of up-to-date information on the condition of rangelands is the main problem for Kazakhstan. The use of Earth remote sensing data makes it possible to obtain important information about the dynamic and spatial characteristics of pasture vegetation. Methodological substantiation of remote sensing data for the assessment of pasture lands formed the basis of the conducted research. Detailed and regularly updated results of assessing the rangelands condition based on space monitoring data will increase the efficiency of using the country’s pasture resources.Materials and methods. For remote assessment of pasture lands the following methods were used: cartographic, geographical, mathematical, methods of spatial analysis of remote sensing data and geoinformation design. Optical images from KazEOSat-2 and Sentinel-2 satellites for 2021, the results of a field survey, online platforms Land Viewer from EOS and Earth Explorer from USGS were used to mapping the main indicators of pasture lands of the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a remote sensing data.Results. This article presents the results of using space monitoring methods to assess the condition and productivity of rangelands on the example of one region of Kazakhstan. Interpretation methods of remote sensing data using field data decryption and verification of data, initial cartographic data and geobotanical analysis of reference territories have been substantiated. The main stages of data processing are presented. Based on the results of the work, schematic maps of the main indicators of the pastures of the studied territory were developed according to remote sensing data, information was formed on the parameters of the productivity of the pastures of the studied territory.

PHYTOPHAGES IN THE AGROCENOSIS OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE PAVLODAR REGION

To prevent losses of wheat yield from pests, it is necessary to update information on the patterns of formation of the phytosanitary situation in agrobiocenoses, according to which protective measures are planned and organized. In order to assess the phytosanitary situation of spring wheat crops, studies were carried out in the Pavlodar region, as one of the main regions of the republic for the production of grain of this crop. The paper reflects monitoring data on the phytophages population of spring wheat crops in the main grain-sowing areas of the Pavlodar region. The species composition of cereal crop pests that have a direct effect on productivity, qualitative and quantitative indicators of agricultural crops has been established. The obtained results showed that starting from the germination and up to the stem elongation phase, cereal crops were colonized by latent-stem pests and Phyllotreta vittula. Haplothrips tritici, Psammotettix striatus and Trigonotylus ruficornis dominated in the stem elongation and heading phases. Schizaphis graminum, Haplothrips tritici in two forms (larvae and adults) and Laodelphax striatella dominated in the phase of grain formation-filling and milk development phase. The study showed that during the initial phases of wheat development, the majority of pests develop and feed on wild weed plants, subsequently migrating to the cereals.

Research of secondary raw materials of grain processing for use in bread production

This article discusses the prospects for the rational use of secondary raw materials for processing grain crops. Scientifically based solutions have been developed for the implementation of resource-saving technologies for the rational use of secondary raw materials for processing grain crops. Rice flour produced at one of the dynamically developing companies in the agricultural sector, in the PT "Abzal and Company" (Kyzylorda region), buckwheat flour selected in the LLP "Jaeger" (Pavlodar region) were used as the object of the study. The chemical composition of by-products of grain processing - rice and buckwheat flour - was investigated. During the study, it was noted that the chemical composition of these raw materials has significant advantages. The amino acid and fatty acid composition of rice and buckwheat flour were determined. In connection with the prospect of using rice and buckwheat flour in the production of bread, an assessment of their sanitary and hygienic condition was studied. Based on the conducted research, the prospects of using rice and buckwheat flour for use in baking were established.

Isolation and characteristics of influenza viruses circulating among swine populations in Kazakhstan during 2018–2019

Swine influenza is regarded as a highly contagious and acute infection. Swine can serve as a tool for the emergence of new influenza viruses that are potentially dangerous to humans. This paper shows the results of the isolation of influenza virus strains circulating among swine in Kazakhstan during 2018–2019 and the characterization of their biological properties. Biological samples were collected from pigs of 2 to 5 months of age in peasant livestock farms in East Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan, Almaty, and Pavlodar regions. During the execution of the polymerase chain reaction for 662 collected samples, the genetic material of the influenza virus was found in 3.17 % of cases, of which the influenza A/H1N1 virus RNA was detected in 1.08 % and that of the A/H3N2 virus in 0.30 %. With performing virological studies of the obtained samples, three hemagglutinating agents were retrieved and indicated as influenza A viruses of the H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes. The isolated strains of swine influenza A virus revealed similarities with each other in a number of characteristics (temperature sensitivity of hemagglutinin, rates of adsorption and elution, sensitivity to nonspecific serum inhibitors), but differed in infectious activity. The results achieved in the detection of virus genetic material in the polymerase chain reaction and the data of virological studies confirmed the circulation of influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 viruses among the swine population in different regions of Kazakhstan during 2018–2019. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring of swine influenza viruses for detection of possibility of interspecies transmission of this infectious agent.

Assessment of the effectiveness of relative accounting methods for micromammals under the conditions of anthropogenic impact of northern Kazakhstan

Accounting methods for the number of organisms are divided into absolute and relative. The article provides a comparative assessment of the relative methods for small mammals catching. There is theoretical and practical information on the method of accounting using crushers and the method of trapping grooves in the article. The article presents the methodological aspects of using Gero traps and trapping cylinders and a comparative assessment of the results of using two methods of accounting in a sharply continental climate and steppe habitat of micromammals. Recommendations are given on the use of relative methods of accounting for terrestrial chordates. The study continued throughout 2020, 2021 on the territory of the Pavlodar region in areas with an increased anthropogenic impact and the territory located 100 km from the nearest cities and factories. When using the trap method, there is a wide variety of species caught and there are more of them compared to the crusher method. The temporal characteristics of the use of accounting methods are considered: the peak of indicators is observed in the spring-summer period, namely from May to August in both methods of accounting for the number of mammals. Biotopes located far from large settlements have higher species diversity in comparison with the habitat near industrial plants. On the territory of the Pavlodar region, the advantage of using the method of trapping grooves was established in comparison with the method of crushers when taking into account small mammals.