Pattern Of Dyslipidemia Research Articles

The abnormal lipid profile in obesity and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Pakistani subjects

BackgroundObesity has become global epidemic in the last three decades, whereas Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) still remains the most important cause of mortality in the world. The study was aimed at determining the pattern of lipid profile for the obese and CHD population in Pakistan. As obesity is a strong predisposing risk factor for CHD, we aimed to analyze the lipid parameters in both conditions and compare them with the healthy controls of the same ethnicity.MethodsBlood samples were collected from one thousand individuals (500 with CHD, 250 with obesity, 250 healthy controls). The lipid profile (total Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL) was measured using commercially available kits. The pattern of dyslipidemia was then studied by comparing the results in both groups with controls as well as population cutoffs. The quantitative variables were checked for normality and log transformation was done for variables where appropriate. Analysis of variance and logistic regression were done to check the association of lipid parameters with obesity and CHD.ResultsThe obese and CHD groups showed a dyslipidemic profile than the healthy controls. CHD group had a higher proportion of CHD in any of the first degree blood relatives (36.0% vs. 1.8%), a similar trend was observed in the obese group, where 63.9% cases had positive family history. Among cases, 50.7% had combined lipid abnormalities, i.e., the values of TC, LDL-C, TG and HDL-C, all were deranged. Whereas 49.52% had TC more than normal cut off (> 200 mg/dl), 51.6% had LDL-C > 100 mg/dl. Similarly, 80.4% of patients had TG levels more than upper normal range (> 150 mg/dl) and 64% had HDL values in moderate CHD risk group (< 50 mg/dl). The results show that Pakistani cases are hyperlipidemic for lipid traits except for HDL which is lowered. Patients with comorbidities also had lipid profiles deviated from the normal range.ConclusionThe study provides information regarding the aberration of lipid profile in the metabolic disorders that can increase the predisposition to complications.

Lipid Profile in Indian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Scope for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction.

Reduction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in patients with diabetes requires proper management of lipid parameters. This study aimed to find the pattern of dyslipidemia and scope of ASCVD risk reduction in patients with diabetes by lipid management. Clinical, biochemical, and medication profiles of all patients with diabetes attending a tertiary diabetes care hospital over a 2-year period were collected. The prevalence of various lipid abnormalities was determined after excluding patients with thyroid dysfunction and those on lipid-lowering medications. Patients were stratified according to LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and other clinical parameters were compared among the groups. The adequacy of statin treatment was assessed based on American Diabetes Association guidelines. Nine hundred and seventy-one patients were included. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 40.0%, of whom 14.6% were newly diagnosed. The most common lipid abnormality was elevated LDL cholesterol. Higher A1C and fasting blood glucose values were found to be associated with higher LDL cholesterol levels. Twenty-seven percent of patients with indications for treatment with statins were receiving them. Of those being treated with statins, 42.6% had an LDL cholesterol level ≥100 mg/dL. In South Indian patients with type 2 diabetes and fair glycemic control, high LDL cholesterol is the predominant lipid abnormality. There remains a huge potential for ASCVD risk reduction in this population if the knowledge practice gap is addressed.

Lipid Profile Pattern in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Introduction: Dyslipidemia has been noted to play an integral role in the pathogenesis and progression of micro and macrovascular complications in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. Lipid profile is the indicators of dyslipidemia.&#x0D; Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 DM patients.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) from November 2014 to October 2015. The study included 300 type 2 diabetic patients belonging to the age group 30-59 years. Personal data and history of co-existing medical conditions were collected by data collection sheet and analyzed.&#x0D; Results: Among 300 study subjects with type 2 DM the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 94% among them 19% had single dyslipidemia and 75% had multiple dyslipidemia. In this study, high level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides(TG) and Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) were found in 47.3%, 76.7% and 41.3% patients respectively. High Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were found to be low in 60% patients.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study revealed that dyslipidemia is very common in type 2 diabetic patients and the most common abnormality observed was increased serum TG level followed by decreased HDL-C level. So, patients with type 2 DM should be followed up with serum lipid profile regularly.&#x0D; Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 177-179

Association of HbA1c, Serum Uric Acid and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease resulting from either insulin deficiency or/and insulin resistance. Incidence of cardiovascular events is increased among diabetic with non-diabetic. However, not all patients with cardiovascular risk have elevated LDL-C. There is recognition that non high density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) is strongly related to cardiovascular risk. NCEP ATP III has recommended using non-HDL cholesterol in assessing CVD risk in patients with diabetes. HbA1c and serum uric acid concentrations are also the independent risk factors and predictors of CVD. Aims and Objective: To find the association of HbA1c, serum uric acid and Non-HDL-C along with the pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 DM and correlate HbA1c with fasting blood glucose. Materials And Methods: The descriptive and observational study was conducted in Bir hospital, NAMS, Nepal. Patients with diagnosis of diabetes for 3 years or more duration were selected for the study. The data including the duration of diabetes, and HbA1c and Lipid profile were collected using preformed proforma. The data was analysed by computer programme, statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Mean values of plasma glucose, lipid profile and HbA1c standard deviations were calculated with various variables such as HbA1c and Non HDLc. Results: This study included 125 patients between 34 to 81 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 6.44± 3.42 years. The mean of FBS, PPBS and HbA1c was 181.84±59.08 mg/dl, 269.48±78.24 mg/dl and 9.68±1.95 %. The mean serum uric acid was 5.68±0.87 mg/dl. 21.53% and 10% of male and female had uric acid level more than 6.5mg/dl. In this study, very high cholesterol was 20.8%. Similarly LDL level and near optimal, borderline and high risk was 45.6%,16% and 5.6% and 36% of patients had decreased HDLc level and TG was elevate in 68.8%. Among the Cardiac risk ratio, Non-HDL cholesterol was deranged in 80%, Derangements in total cholesterol were seen in 58.3% of females and 55.4 % of males. Dyslipidemia in LDL groups were more in males as compared to females (73.3% and 63.2 % respectively). Non HDLc were elevated in both male and female in this study. There was positive correlation of total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar with HbA1c (p value<0.001). However, there is no association of HbA1c with uric acid level. There is the strong correlation of Non HDLc with TC/HDLc and LDLc /HDLc (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: In this study there is the correlation with FBS, HbA1c and NON HDLc cholesterol. Hence Non-HDL cholesterol proves to be more sensitive and a better predictor of cardiovascular risks than LDL cholesterol. HbA1c and serum uric acid concentrations are also the independent risk factors and predictors of CVD in diabetes patients which were not correlated in this study.

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Therapeutic Implications in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffer from a magnitude of excess cardiovascular risk. A paradoxical lipid pattern has been observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients where low levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. This paper aims to break down the evidence explaining why patients with low to normal LDL, and total cholesterol have such excess cardiovascular risk. A component of the enhanced cardiovascular risk is systemic inflammation and the subsequent pro-atherogenic dyslipidemia patterns. Due to this "lipid paradox," current risk algorithms and guidelines designed for the general population may underestimate cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate some of the discrepancies and layers of cardiovascular risk in RA patients, the role RA medication may have in mitigating or increasing cardiovascular risk, and the possible role of statin therapy.

Study of the pattern of dyslipidemia in urban population of central Madhya Pradesh

Introduction: Increase in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and low HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C) is known to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial ischaemia. Studies have shown that dyslipidemia in Indians show a unique pattern of low HDL-C, high triglycerides, and high LDL-C but such studies are few and far between. The present study was undertaken in our diagnostic centre with the aim of determining the trends in the lipid values of urban population of Indore and also to determine the gender differences in the cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, Triglycerides values in the study population. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on a total of 5857 patients of all ages and both sexes registered in our diagnostic centre for lipid profile test on 22,23 and 24 November 2019. Dyslipidemia was defined as per the National cholesterol education programme (NCEP) and ATPIII criteria. Statistical analysis was performed on all lipid parameters and expressed as mean ± SD and median. Results: The mean age of females was 49±12.7 years and males was 51±13.9 years with a male to female ratio of 1.34:1. The mean cholesterol value was 167.7±35.8 mg/dl and was highest in 41-50 years age group with a mean of 172.7±34.7 mg/dl.The mean triglycerides value was 140.1±79.8 mg/dl and was highest in 41-50 years of age group. The mean HDL -C was 40.5±9.7 mg/dl. Mean LDL-C was 99.3±29.5 mg/dl. The risk ratio > 4.5 was observed in 2290(39%) patients out of which 1596(47.47%) were males and 694(27.82%) were females. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease and stroke and there is an alarming increase in the incidence of CAD in younger age groups. Large scale, cross sectional, population based Studies on the pattern of dyslipidemia are needed to frame a health care policy which would be more preventive and predictive in future Keywords: Dyslipidemia, HDL-C, LDL-C, CHD, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyp

Prevalence of dyslipidaemia and factors associated with dyslipidaemia among South Asian adults: The Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia Cohort Study.

. The pattern of dyslipidaemia in South Asia is believed to be different from that in other parts of the world. Nonetheless, limited population-based data are available from the region. We assessed the prevalence, types of, and factors associated with dyslipidaemia among South Asians. . We used baseline data (2010-11) of the Center for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) cohort of 16 287 representative urban adults aged ≥20 years from Chennai and Delhi in India and Karachi in Pakistan. Total cholesterol (TC) was measured by the enzymatic-cholesterol oxidase peroxidase method, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) by the direct homogeneous method and triglycerides (TG) by enzymatic methods. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using Friedewald's formula. We defined high TC ≥200 mg/dl or on medication; hypertriglyceridaemia ≥150 mg/dl, high LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl or on medication and low HDL-C <40 mg/dl for males, <50 mg/dl for females. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to assess the factors associated with dyslipidaemia. . The prevalence of any dyslipidaemia was 76.4%, 64.3% and 68.5% among males and 89.3%, 74.4% and 79.4% among females in Chennai, Delhi and Karachi, respectively. The prevalence of elevated TC was higher in Chennai compared to Delhi and Karachi (31.3%, 28.8% and 22.9%, respectively); males had a significantly greater prevalence of high TG, whereas females had a greater prevalence of low HDL-C in all the three cities. The most common lipid abnormality in all three cities was low HDL-C, which was seen in 67.1%, 49.7% and 61.3% in Chennai, Delhi and Karachi, respectively. Only 2% of the participants were on lipid-lowering drugs. Adjusted for other factors, dyslipidaemia was positively associated with age, female sex, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and tobacco use. . Overall, almost seven in ten adults in urban South Asia have some form of dyslipidaemia, and the predominant subtypes were low HDL-C and high TG.

Risk factors, comorbiditiEs and Atherogenic dysLipidaemia in Indian YOUNG patients with dyslipidaemia attending hospital/clinic: REAL YOUNG (dyslipidaemia) study.

Objective:To evaluate the pattern of dyslipidaemia, risk factors, and comorbidities in young Indian adults with dyslipidaemia.Methods:A retrospective, multi-centric real-world study included individuals with dyslipidaemia, aged 18 - 45 years, attending to 623 hospitals/clinics across India. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records to note demographics, risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, family history of dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension), and clinical details (height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C)).A descriptive analysis and comparative analysis (Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test) were done.Results:Of the total 8135 patients, the majority were men (65.0%). Overall, 87.1% of population had one or multiple comorbidities which included the presence of dyslipidaemia alone (12.9%), dyslipidaemia with diabetes and hypertension (39.1%), dyslipidaemia with diabetes (33.6%), and dyslipidaemia with hypertension (14.4%). Sedentary lifestyle was prevalent observation in >50% of the population. Youngest age (18 - 25) group had higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (63.2%), high LDL-C levels (56.8%), and low HDL-C levels (64.6%), while patients from the age group >25 to ≤35 years had the highest incidence of hypercholesterolemia (66.6%). Atherogenic dyslipidaemia was observed in 41.9%, 25.5%, and 23.2% of patients from age groups of ≥18 to ≤25, >25 to ≤35, and >35 to ≤45 years, respectively. Patients with HbA1c ≥6.5% had significantly higher levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, and lower HDL-C compared to those with HbA1c <6.5%.Conclusion:Hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and atherogenic dyslipidaemia were prevalent in the young Indian cohort and sedentary lifestyle, and HbA1c ≥ 6.5% were the predominant risk factors of dyslipidaemia.

Lipid/Lipoprotein Abnormalities Among Adult Type 1 Diabetics in Nigeria

Background: Dyslipidemia abounds among diabetics. However, these are poorly characterized among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The current study determined the pattern of dyslipidemia and their relationship with glycemic status among adult T1DM subjects. Methods: This survey was conducted retrospectively among 346 newly-diagnosed/treatment-naïve T1DM adults attending outpatient units of a third-level hospital in Nigeria. Patients’ fasting plasma glucose and lipid parameters at the time of T1DM diagnosis were abstracted from their medical files. Lipid parameters included triglyceride (Tg), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Abstracted parameters were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: Of the 346 studied, 46.8% (n=162) were dyslipidemic (aged: 32.69±6.29) with female predominance (59.3%; p=0.018). Categorically, females predominated among isolated dyslipidemics while males predominated among the combined/mixed dyslipidemics. High plasma Tg concentration (n=142;87.7%) was the most common isolated dyslipidemia without male/female difference (p>0.05); seconded by low HDL-C (n=80;49.4%) with the females predominating (p<0.05). The most combined and mixed dyslipidemia was high plasma Tg/low HDL-C (total n=28, 17.3%; males n=16, 24.2% vs. females n=12, 12.5%; p=0.011) and high plasma Tg/high LDL-C/low-HDL-C (total n=30, 18.5%; males n=18, 27.3% vs. females n=12, 12.5%; p=0.001) concentrations, respectively with male predominance. The female dyslipidemics were younger with lower BMI, higher systolic blood pressure, glycemia, and mean plasma Tg levels (p<0.05). The overall dyslipidemics had poor glycemic status and their risk of dyslipidemia increases with worsening glycemia. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was common and associated with poor glycemic status among the studied cohorts. This finding informs the need for more rigorous monitoring of dyslipidemia among T1DM subjects to reduce the risk of its complications.

Associations between Dairy Intake, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Spanish Schoolchildren: The Cuenca Study.

Full-fat dairy has been traditionally associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, recent evidence shows that the amount of dairy intake might have a beneficial effect over these pathologies, regardless of their fat content. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the intake of dairy products (including milk with different fat contents) with both adiposity and serum lipid concentration, adjusted by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), in Spanish schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study of 1088 children, aged 8 to 11 years, was conducted in which anthropometric variables (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass percentage (FM%) and fat mass index (FMI)), blood lipid profile, and dairy intake (using a food frequency questionnaire), and CRF (through a 20-m shuttle run test) were measured. Results showed that children with lower BMI, WC, FM%, and FMI had higher whole-fat milk intake and lower skimmed and semi-skimmed milk intake than children with higher BMI, WC, FM%, and FMI. Children with normal levels of triglycerides and high density lipoproteins (HLD) cholesterol consumed more whole-fat milk and less reduced-fat milk than children with dyslipidemic patterns. These relationships persisted after adjustment for CRF. Our findings suggest that full-fat milk intake should be promoted in children without obesity or high cardiometabolic risk.

Pattern of dyslipidaemia in relation to statin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Strict goal-directed lipid control in patients with diabetes is associat...

Colesterol-no HDL como objetivo terapéutico

Although cholesterol linked to low-density lipoproteins (c-LDL) is well established as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, there is often a more complex dyslipidaemia pattern that contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Non-HDL cholesterol (c-NO-HDL) is used to estimate the total amount of atherogenic lipoproteins in plasma, some of which are not usually determined in daily clinical practice. c-NO-HDL is easily calculated from the subtraction of total plasma cholesterol from the cholesterol content carried by high density lipoproteins. The c-NO-HDL has a predictive value superior to that of C-LDL to estimate the risk of major cardiovascular events in epidemiological studies. Genetic studies by analysis of the complete genome, together with those based on Mendelian randomisation, point to the aetiological character of c-NO-HDL on ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Intervention studies, and the meta-analyses derived from them, close the causal circle between c-NO-HDL and IHD, by demonstrating that any intervention that decreases the concentrations of the former reduces the incidence of arteriosclerotic heart disease. The European ESC/EAS 2016 guide for the management of dyslipidaemia considers c-NO-HDL as a therapeutic target with a Class IIa recommendation (should be performed) Level B (data from a single randomised clinical trial [RCT]) or from several non-RCTs), and sets its target at less than 100 or 130mg/dL for those patients with very high risk or high risk, respectively. These achievable c-NO-HDL values are easily calculated by adding 30mg/dL to the c-LDL targets.

Dyslipidaemia prevalence and associated risk factors in the United Arab Emirates: a population-based study

ObjectivesTo determine and describe the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia and its associated risk factors among an adult Emirati population.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study.SettingAdults living in the Northern Emirates.Participants824 adult participants (51.8%...

Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria.

IntroductionDyslipidemia confers excess atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and this requires prompt identification and management to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 DM patients in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from the case notes of eligible patients and analyzed using STATA version 14. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), or median and interquartile range (IQR) while categorical variables were as frequencies and percentages. Student t and chi-square tests were used to test for association at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 322 subjects (161 male, 161 female) with a mean age of 53.5 ± 10.8 years partook in the study. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 69.3%. Mixed dyslipidemia of high triglyceride (TG) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was present in 41.0%; high TG and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in 2.8%; and high LDL and low HDL in 2.5%. Atherogenic dyslipidemia, isolated hypercholesterolemia and isolated low HDL-cholesterol were present in 3.4%, 2.5% and 23.6% respectively. Dyslipidemia status was not associated with age, sex, duration of DM or hypertension, obesity, and mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2-hour postprandial glucose.ConclusionThe prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in the newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients and therefore, initial management should incorporate measures to control dyslipidemia.

Cross-sectional study of pattern of Dyslipidemia and Prevalence of Atherogenic Diabetic Dyslipidemia in newly detected Diabetic patients

Background: India has seen an ever increasing number of diabetic patients and in turn rise in cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have shown diabetic patients to have dyslipidemia, with certain common patterns early in the disease.&#x0D; Aims and Objective: The current study was done to identify pattern of dyslipidemia and prevalence of ADD in treatment naïve diabetic patients.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Fasting lipid profile was analysed in treatment naïve diabetic patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Various factors influencing the results were analysed statistically. Results: Prevalence of dyslipidemia was 89.2%, whereasatherogenic diabetic dyslipidemia was seen in 34.2% and raised non-HDL cholesterol in 73.3%.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study showed a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in newly diagnosed diabetics indicating the importance of screening for dyslipidemia in newly diagnosed cases and implementation of timely lipid lowering therapy to prevent CVD. It also highlights the importance of pattern of dyslipidemia called Atherogenic diabetic dyslipidemia and raised Non-HDL cholesterol in diabetic patients.

Serum Lipid Profile in Young Adults admitted with Myocardial Infarction in the Chittagong Region

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a common cardiac disorder and significant cause of mortality and morbidity Worldwide. Dyslipidemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of young MI as evidenced from different studies. This present descriptive study is designed to evaluate the pattern of dyslipidemia in young patients of Chittagong region, suffering from MI.&#x0D; Methods: 100 patients of young myocardial infarction diagnosed by clinical, biochemical and ECG criteria were included in the study. Fasting lipid profile was measured in the patients with age less than 40 years.&#x0D; Results: Among the patients 44% patient had hypertension, 15% were diabetic, 40% patients had history of smoking and 12% patient were obese. Change of socioeconomic status found to have an influence in lipid profile like low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) (p&lt;0.05) but high density lipoprotein (HDL) had no change (p&gt;0.05). LDL was changed in relation with nature of works. TG was significantly found higher in rural community and advanced age group (p&lt;0.05). HDL level was found varied with gender and others were found insignificant.&#x0D; Conclusion: Varied lipid profile was found among the young victims of MI in Chittagong region. It might be concluded that control of blood lipid might lower the coronary events among young patients.&#x0D; Cardiovasc. j. 2019; 12(1): 30-32

Patterns and prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with different etiologies of chronic liver disease.

SummaryBackgroundLiver disease impacts on hepatic synthesis of lipoproteins and lipogenesis but data on dyslipidemia during disease progression are limited. We assessed the patterns of dyslipidemia in (i) different liver disease etiologies and discriminated (ii) non-advanced (non-ACLD) from advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) as it is unclear how progression to ACLD impacts on dyslipidemia-associated cardiovascular risk.MethodsPatients with alcoholic liver disease (n = 121), hepatitis C (n = 1438), hepatitis B (n = 384), metabolic/fatty liver disease (n = 532), cholestatic liver disease (n = 119), and autoimmune hepatitis (n = 114) were included. Liver stiffness ≥15 kPa defined ACLD. Dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol >130 mg/dL and triglycerides >200 mg/dL.ResultsAcross all etiologies, total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in ACLD, when compared to non-ACLD. Accordingly, LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in ACLD due to hepatitis C, hepatitis B, metabolic/fatty liver disease and autoimmune hepatitis. Triglyceride levels did not differ due to disease severity in any etiology. Despite lower total and LDL cholesterol levels in ACLD, etiology-specific dyslipidemia patterns remained similar to non-ACLD. Contrary to this “improved” lipid status in ACLD, cardiovascular comorbidities were more prevalent in ACLD: arterial hypertension was present in 26.6% of non-ACLD and in 55.4% of ACLD patients (p < 0.001), and diabetes was present in 8.1% of non-ACLD and 25.6% of ACLD patients (p < 0.001).ConclusionLiver disease etiology is a major determinant of dyslipidemia patterns and prevalence. Progression to ACLD “improves” serum lipid levels while arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus are more prevalent. Future studies should evaluate cardiovascular events after ACLD-induced “improvement” of dyslipidemia.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00508-019-01544-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Fasting lipid in overweight and obese children: A hospital based study

Background: Obesity has become one of the most important public health problems in recent years. Childhood obesity increases the risk of morbidities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic syndrome etc. Dyslipidemia pattern consists of a combination of elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Aim of this study was to assess fasting lipid profile and pattern of dyslipidemia in overweight and obese children in a hospital setting.&#x0D; Methods: It was a cross sectional study done in children, aged 5 to 16 years, attending the paediatric endocrine clinic and paediatric outpatient department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka over a period of 18 months. All overweight and obese children as well as normal weight children were selected after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were categorised as group A (overweight and obese) and group B (normal weight).&#x0D; Results: In group A, 77.0% of children were obese and 23.0% were overweight. Total cholesterol, LDL and TG were significantly higher in group A (p&lt;0.05). HDL was low in 58.0% of group A and 52.0% of group B which was not significantly different (p&gt;0.05) between the groups. Most of the overweight and obese children had one or two lipid parameters abnormality but majority of normal weight children had one parameter abnormality. Dyslipidaemia was present in 80.0% and 64.0% among group A and group B respectively, which was significantly different (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: It was observed that 80.0% patients had dyslipidaemia among the overweight and obese children and total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride level were significantly higher in this group.&#x0D; Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 81-85

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN HEALTHY YOUNG MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS IN INDIA

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed as well as developing countries. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is usually due to atherosclerosis of large and medium sized arteries. Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia have been found to be the important contributing factors.&#x0D; Aims and objectives: Present study is done to know the pattern of dyslipidemia and blood glucose status as per National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult treatment panel III (NCEP-ATP III) guidelines and American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria respectively in young doctors and to sensitize the importance of its implication and to take timely preventive measures.&#x0D; Material and methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The study group comprised of 173 young doctors from all over India, between age 25 to 29 years who reported to lab for routine medical investigations. The study group included 118 males and 55 females. Serum lipid profile and plasma glucose for 173 subjects were analyzed.&#x0D; Results: In our study 71.7% of total study group had impaired range of plasma glucose values and 10.4% had diabetic range plasma glucose.5.78% of total subjects had Triglyceride (TG) level more than 200 mg/dL.11.56% had total cholesterol (TC) level &gt;240 mg/dL. 45.66% of total subjects had Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) more than 130 mg/dL. 37.2% of males had high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) less than 40 mg/dL. 40% of females had HDLc less than 50 mg/dL. Thereby implying that even apparently healthy young medical professionals are at increased risk of metabolic disorders like diabetes and dyslipidemia.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study revealed higher prevalence of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in apparently healthy medical professionals suggesting higher risk for metabolic disorders like coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. The study indicates the need for physical exercise, change in dietary pattern and regular monitoring of biochemical indicators of metabolic diseases.&#x0D; Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Impaired fasting glucose, young, doctors, diabetes

Nephropathy and serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients: A retrospective study in central India

Background: Microalbuminuria is an established marker of diabetic nephropathy. Microalbuminuria is thought to be the consequence of generalized endothelial damage along the vascular tree. Microalbuminuria is defined as an excretion of albumin in the urine, amount ranging from 30 to 300 mg/day or 20 to 200 mg/L. It begins insidiously and may precede the diagnosis of type 2 DM. It is at this stage that one can hope to reverse diabetic nephropathy or prevent its progression. Hyperglycaemia contributes largely to the development of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and ultimately leads to albumin loss. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (TC>200md/dl) alone, as reported in numerous studies across India, has varied from about 20% to 35%. However, what is more important is the pattern of dyslipidemia. When compared with the western populations, Indians and migrant Asian Indians tend to have higher triglyceride levels and lower HDL-C levels.Materials and Methods: This was a comparative study conducted RKDF Medical College Hospital & Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India among 120 cases. A pre-structural proforma will be used to collect baseline date detailed clinical history with clinical examination and relevant investigation will be done on participating individuals. The patients and controls were screened for fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, and microalbuminuria and the values were compared with that of normal healthy subjects. Microalbumin in urine was estimated by Nycocard Reader (Diabetes Care 1997) GFR was estimated from serum creatinine using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Results: A higher incidence and prevalence of renal failure particularly in nondiabetic renal patients is observed in men. According to Silbiger and Neugarten, the ratio between men and women that reaches renal insufficiency due to hypertensive nephropathy or glomerulonephritis is 1.6 men for each woman affected. There was correlation between lipid levels and duration of diabetes for all lipid fractions which were significant. Conclusion: In type 2 diabetic patients, microalbuminuria is significantly associated with elevated serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and decreased levels of HDL. Thus, microalbuminuria is an indication for screening for possible vascular disease and aggressive intervention to reduce all cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. lowering of LDL cholesterol, antihypertensive therapy, cessation of smoking, institution of exercise etc). This study may also highlight the importance of proper glycemic control in arresting the progression of inflammation Correlation coefficient between nephropathy and lipid profile was found to be significant.