Pattern Of Dyslipidemia Research Articles

Glycemic control and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients in an Indian rural tribal locality: A family medicine practitioner’s perspective

Background: Diabetes and dyslipidemia commonly coexist, frequently associated with various cardio-vascular (CV) risk factors and good glycemic control is key for prevention of long-term CV complications. Although diabetes and dyslipidemia commonly coexist in India, there is a lack of evidence on pattern of dyslipidemia and whether dyslipidemia is adequately managed or not, particularly in rural population in a real-world setting. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to assess present glycemic status and lipid profile of the population residing in a rural tribal locality of Jharkhand (India) as part of project for fellowship in diabetes course by Department of Endocrinology, DEDU, CMC, Vellore. Materials and Methods: This non-interventional cross-sectional study was conducted in a tribal locality of Jharkhand (India) after concept note approval for ethical clearance from CMC Vellore. Whole-blood and sera of diabetic patients were analyzed for fasting-blood-sugar, Glycated-hemoglobin (HbA1c), total-cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TGs), high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol, and very-VLDL-C. Correlation test of HbA1c with lipid-ratios and individual lipid indexes was done. Results: Mean Hb1Ac level was 7.24 ± 1.80 and interestingly, was marginally higher (7.31 ± 1.92 vs. 6.92 ± 1.16) in patients with DM <5 years as compared to those with DM >5 years. Mixed dyslipidemias were common with abnormal TG, LDL, VLDL, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), and Total CH values. Hb1Ac-levels showed significant positive correlation with serum CH, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels while significant negative correlation with HDL levels in the study. Conclusion: Apart from a reliable indicator of long-term glycemic control, HbA1c can also be used as a predictor of dyslipidemia and thus early diagnosis of dyslipidemia can prevent life-threatening CV-complications.

The Pattern of Dyslipidaemia and Factors Associated With Elevated Non-HDL-Cholesterol Levels Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Ho Municipality: A Cross Sectional Study

The Pattern of Dyslipidaemia and Factors Associated With Elevated Non-HDL-Cholesterol Levels Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Ho Municipality: A Cross Sectional Study

Pattern of dyslipidaemia, lipid free radicals and antioxidant activities in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome in Nigeria: A systematic review

Aim: The aim of this study is to understand the pattern of dyslipidemia, lipid radicals and antioxidant activities in women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome in reproductive-aged Nigerian women. Methodology: Original randomized case-control studies assessing the comparative studies of lipid patterns and panels in women with PCOS in Nigeria published between 1st January 2019 and 31st December 2020 were identified by searching online databases, including Pub MEd, Google Scholar and Research gate, using a combination of relevant keywords; PCOS, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Lipid, Panel and Nigeria. Results: LDL-C and TC show a significant increase in women with PCOS when compared to women who do not have PCOS. Amongst these women with PCOS, this panel is higher amongst those who are obese (>25 kg/m2). The TG and HDL-C levels do not show any significant variations. However, the HDL-C levels are lower in obese women with PCOS. There is an increase in lipid product radical MDA, and a decrease in SOD and TAC. However, no variation in the GSH Px activity. Conclusion: TG and HDL-C panels alone are not recommended parameters for the assessment and monitoring of insulin resistance in women with PCOS. TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were more specific and sensitive surrogate markers.

Elevated LDL Cholesterol with a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet: Evidence for a “Lean Mass Hyper-Responder” Phenotype

ABSTRACTBackgroundPeople commencing a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD) experience markedly heterogenous responses in LDL cholesterol, ranging from extreme elevations to reductions.ObjectivesThe aim was to elucidate possible sources of heterogeneity in LDL cholesterol response to a CRD and thereby identify individuals who may be at risk for LDL cholesterol elevation.MethodsHypothesis-naive analyses were conducted on web survey data from 548 adults consuming a CRD. Univariate and multivariate regression models and regression trees were built to evaluate the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and baseline lipid markers. Data were also collected from a case series of five clinical patients with extremely high LDL cholesterol consuming a CRD.ResultsBMI was inversely associated with LDL cholesterol change. Low triglyceride (TG) to HDL cholesterol ratio, a marker of good metabolic health, predicted larger LDL cholesterol increases. A subgroup of respondents with LDL cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol ≥80 mg/dL, and TG ≤70 mg/dL were characterized as “lean mass hyper-responders.” Respondents with this phenotype (n = 100) had a lower BMI and, remarkably, similar prior LDL cholesterol versus other respondents. In the case series, moderate reintroduction of carbohydrate produced a marked decrease in LDL cholesterol.ConclusionsThese data suggest that, in contrast to the typical pattern of dyslipidemia, greater LDL cholesterol elevation on a CRD tends to occur in the context of otherwise low cardiometabolic risk.

Pre-operative lipid profile of cardiac surgery patients: Implications of incidental findings

Background: Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Different schools of thought hold different opinions regarding the use of statins in the perioperative period for cardiac surgery patients. There seems not to be a consensus yet on when to commence statin therapy for cardiac surgery patients not yet on treatment for dyslipidemia, but the beneficial effects of dyslipidemia management are not in doubt. Objectives: The objective was to characterize the pattern of dyslipidemia and atherogenic indices present in cardiac surgery patients. Materials and Methods: The study was a retrospective record review of patients who presented for open heart surgery between 2013 and 2017. Results of pre-operative lipid profile of patients were extracted and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Atherogenic risk was determined using three different risk ratios: atherogenic plasma index and Castelli’s risk indices-I and II. Results: The study included a total of 51 adult patients with the age range 18–75 years and male: female ratio of 1:1.4. Dyslipidemia observed in participants was majorly in the form of low high-density lipoprotein 24 (49.0%) and elevated low-density lipoprotein 11 (22.5%). Using atherogenic plasma index, more than one-quarter of participants 15 (30.6%) were found to be in the high- and medium-risk groups. Conclusion: Incidental findings of dyslipidemia made in this group of patients have its associated health implications. Hence, it buttresses the importance of assessing for and adequate management of the medical condition, particularly in a group of patients already burdened with CVD.

Patterns of dyslipidemia in young patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies without cardiovascular diseases.

ObjectivesPatients with seronegative spondyloarthritis (SpA) – psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) – have a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and type of dyslipidemia, a potent atherosclerosis risk factor, in SpA patients.Material and methodsIt was a two-center, case-control study. Patients diagnosed with PsA and AS aged 23–60 years, with disease duration < 10 years, were enrolled. The inflammatory activity, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile were evaluated in each patient. In patients > 40 years old, the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), using Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), was estimated.ResultsIn total 79 patients with SpA were included in the study, with PsA diagnosed, n = 39 (mean age 45.1 ±9.6 years; 21, 53.9%, women), and with AS diagnosed, n = 40 (age 40.3 ±9.5; 12.3%, women), control group (CG): n = 88 (age 42.3 ±8.1; 42, 47.7% women). Based on the interview and laboratory tests, dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 19 (47.5%) patients with AS and in 28 (71.8%) patients with PsA. Most patients had hypercholesterolemia or mixed hyperlipidemia. Types of dyslipidemia were similar. In SpA patients (PsA and AS), the level of triglycerides (TG) and atherogenic index (AI) were significantly higher than in the CG, respectively TG in SpA: 116 (83–156) and in the CG: 91.2 (72.6–134.6) mg/dl, p = 0.0182; AI in SpA: 3.77 ±1.26 and in the CG: 2.58 ±1.27, p < 0.0001.The low-density cholesterol (LDL) level was significantly lower in SpA patients than in the CG, SpA: 109.1 ±29.4 vs. CG: 125.2 ±35.9 mg/dl, p = 0.0023. There was a strong negative correlation between CRP levels and HDL cholesterol levels in patients with PsA, rho = 0.42, p = 0.0132. Mean SCORE values were 2.33% in PsA patients and 2.38% in AS patients, which results in moderate 10-year risk of death from CVD.ConclusionsIn young patients with spondyloarthropathies, inflammatory factors significantly influence dyslipidemia patterns, which result in higher TG and lower LDL cholesterol levels. In patients with PsA, dyslipidemia was diagnosed more often than in patients with AS.

Increased circulating IL-18 levels in severe mental disorders indicate systemic inflammasome activation

BackgroundSchizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental illnesses (SMI) that are part of a psychosis continuum, and dysregulated innate immune responses have been suggested to be involved in their pathophysiology. However, disease-specific immune mechanisms in SMI are not known yet. Recently, dyslipidemia has been linked to systemic inflammasome activation, and elevated atherogenic lipid ratios have been shown to correlate with circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in SMI. It is, however, not yet known if increased systemic cholesterol load leads to inflammasome activation in these patients. MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that patients with SCZ and BD display higher circulating levels compared to healthy individuals of key members of the IL-18 system using a large patient cohort (n = 1632; including 737 SCZ and 895 BD), and healthy controls (CTRL; n = 1070). In addition, we assessed associations with coronary artery disease risk factors in SMI, focusing on relevant inflammasome-related, neuroendocrine, and lipid markers. ResultsWe report higher baseline levels of circulating IL-18 system components (IL-18, IL-18BPA, IL-18R1), and increased expression of inflammasome-related genes (NLRP3 and NLRC4) in the blood of patients relative to CTRL. We demonstrate a cholesterol dyslipidemia pattern in psychotic disorders, and report correlations between levels of blood cholesterol types and the expression of inflammasome system elements in SMI. ConclusionsBased on these results, we suggest a role for inflammasome activation/dysregulation in SMI. Our findings further the understanding of possible underlying inflammatory mechanisms and may expose important therapeutic targets in SMI.

Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

Objective: To determine the frequency for pattern of dyslipidemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nephrology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) from 26th December 2018to 28thJune 2019. Methodology: One hundred and thirty-two patients were enrolled. Blood sample of 5 ml of each patient was taken and sent to the institutional pathology laboratory for measurement of lipid profile and pattern of dyslipidemia i.e. high cholesterol, low HDL, high LDL, hypertriglyceridemia was noted. Results: The mean age was 44.68±9.39 years and mean of duration of chronic kidney disease was 5.13±2.19 months. Seventy eight (59%) were males and 54 (41%) were females. Pattern of dyslipidemia i.e. high cholesterol, low HDL, high LDL and hypertriglyceridemia were documented in 89 (67.4%), 61 (46.2%), 65 (49.2%) and 37 (28.0%) patients respectively. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is common among patients with chronic kidney disease is considerable. Regular evaluation of all chronic kidney disease patients for dyslipidemia and treatment need to be instituted. Key words: Dyslipidemia, Chronic kidney disease (CKD), Cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Hypertriglyceridemia

Dyslipidemia and Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly Population in Asmara, Eritrea: Results from a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background The ultimate goal of the study was to approximate the burden and patterns of dyslipidemia in a subset of the elderly population (≥60–85 years) living in Asmara, Eritrea, and to identify modifiable risk drivers. Methods A total of 319 (145 (45.5%) male vs. 174 (54.5%) female, mean age ± SD (68.06 ± 6.16 years), participants from randomly selected estates within Asmara were enrolled. Demographic and medical information was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Anthropometric, lipid panel, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and blood pressure (BP) measurements were subsequently taken. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 70.5%. The proportions of dyslipidemias were (in order of decreasing frequency) high TC (51.2%), LDL-C (43.7%), low HDL-C (28.2%), and TG (27.6%). The average (±SD) concentrations in mg/dL of TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TG, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C were 202.2 ± 40.63, 125.95 ± 33.16, 151.72 ± 37.19, 129 ± 57.16, 50.48 ± 10.91, 4.11 ± 0.91, and 2.72 ± 1.49, respectively. Furthermore, 17.5%, 21.6%, 11.0%, and 5.0% had abnormalities in 1, 2, 3, and 4 lipid disorders with the copresence of TC+LDL-C abnormalities dominating. Regarding National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel risk strata, 18.5%, 14.5%, 28.2%, and 12.9% were in high or very high-risk categories for TC, LDL-C, TG, and HDL-C, respectively. The high burden of dyslipidemia coexisted with an equally high burden of abdominal obesity (43.1%), FPG ≥ 100 mg/dL (16%), hypertension (28.5%), and physical inactivity. Overall, dyslipidemia was associated with sex (females: aOR = 2.6, 95%CI = 1.1–6.1, p = 0.017) and daily physical activity—higher in individuals undertaking physical activity for <1 hour (aOR = 2.6, 95%CI = 1.1–6.1, p = 0.029), 1-2 hours (aOR = 3.2, 95%CI = 1.24–8.5, p = 0.016), and 2-3 hours (aOR = 2.0, 95%CI = 0.7–5.8, p = 0.192) (Ref: >3 hours). Additional associations included increasing FPG (aOR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.0–1.04, p = 0.039), and BMI (aOR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.09–1.3, p < 0.001). These factors, along with waist circumference (WC), consumption of traditional foods, systolic BP, and diastolic BP, were, with some variations, associated with disparate dyslipidemias. Conclusions The burden of dyslipidemia in the elderly population in Asmara is high. Modifiable risk drivers included FPG, WC, physical inactivity, and low consumption of traditional food. Overall, efforts directed at scaling up early recognition and treatment, including optimal pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy, at all levels of care, should be instituted.

Switch from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide in People Living with HIV: Lipid Changes and Statin Underutilization.

Background and ObjectiveMany people living with HIV (PLWH) on stable tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing regimens have switched to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), despite the potential lipid-lowering effect of TDF. We aimed to assess the impact of switching from TDF to TAF on lipids in real-world clinical practice.MethodsPLWH prescribed TDF for ≥ 4 weeks who switched to TAF were identified in the OPERA cohort. Patterns of dyslipidemia were compared before and after switch based on NCEP ATPIII guidelines. Elevated 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD ≥ 7.5%) and statin use were assessed.ResultsAmong 6423 PLWH switched from TDF to TAF, the proportion with dyslipidemia/severe dyslipidemia observed after switch from TDF to TAF increased statistically significantly (p < 0.0001) with total cholesterol (5–10%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (16–23%), and triglycerides (21–27%), but decreased statistically significantly with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (35–30%, p < 0.0001). These patterns of dyslipidemia persisted in sensitivity analyses restricted to PLWH who maintained all other antiretrovirals (N = 4328) or stratified by pharmaco-enhancer use before and after switch. An elevated ASCVD risk was detected in 29% before and 31% after switch. As many as 59% of PLWH with an elevated ASCVD risk were not prescribed a statin after switch from TDF to TAF.ConclusionsIn this large, diverse population of PLWH in the USA, the switch from TDF to TAF was associated with development of less favorable lipid profiles, regardless of pharmaco-enhancers or third-agent use. Statins remained underutilized after a switch from TDF to TAF.

Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in an Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

BackgroundHyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are commonly found metabolic abnormalities in diabetic children and adolescents and both increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the pattern of dyslipidemia in Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and determine its relation with the glycemic control.ResultsThis retrospective study included 806 children and adolescents with T1DM; 358 (44.42%) males and 448 (55.58%) females. Their mean age was 11.71 ± 3.6 years. Clinical and laboratory data were recruited from patients’ files. Laboratory data include the most recent fasting lipid profile (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), and the mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels over the preceding year presented in percentage were calculated. Dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with T1DM represented 70.47% (568 patients). No statistically significant differences were detected between patients with and without dyslipidemia. As regards the pattern of dyslipidemia, high LDL and low HDL were the most frequent abnormalities in the study group; 62.16%, 60.21%, respectively. Patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7.5%) represent 73.45% and they were significantly older, with longer diabetes duration and higher TC, TG, and LDL compared to patients with good glycemic control. Significant positive correlations were found between HbA1c, TG, TC, and LDL with the age and diabetes duration.ConclusionWe detected high prevalence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with T1DM. Therefore, dyslipidemia should be screened for in earlier ages in Egyptian children and adolescents suffering from T1DM. Programs directed to the prevention of dyslipidemia should be conducted, particularly for this group, in order to prevent/delay cardiovascular complications related to dyslipidemia. Also, parents should receive proper education targeting the prevention, control, and care of their diabetic children with dyslipidemia.

Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia among Nigerian adolescents living in Benin City: A school-based cross-sectional study

The Journal is the primary organ of Continuing Paediatric Medical Education in Sri Lanka. The journal also has a website. Free full text access is available for all readers.The Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health is now indexed in SciVerse Scopus (Source Record ID 19900193609), Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region (IMSEAR), CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Global Health Database), DOAJ and is available in Google, as well as Google Scholar.The policies of the journal are modelled on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Guidelines on Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health is recognised by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) as a publication following the ICMJE Recommendations.

Pattern of dyslipidemia among patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and its relation with thyroid stimulating hormone

Background: The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and dyslipidemia is still debatable about whether SCH is constantly associated with lipid disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid abnormalities in patients with SCH and to evaluate the relation between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and lipid profile.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in outpatient department (OPD) of the Hormone and Diabetes Clinic at MARKS Medical College &amp; Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2018 to October 2019. A total of 308 subjects (age 30 - 60 years) were included in this study using covenience sampling. Among them, 156 were diagnosed case of SCH, while 152 were euthyroid healthy individuals in control group (matched for age, gender and weight). Laboratory test included serum TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) and fasting lipid profile. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 statistical software.&#x0D; Results: In this study, dyslipidemia was more prevalent in patients with SCH compared to control group [p&lt;0.001]. SCH group showed altered lipid profile i.e. significantly higher serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs) and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when compared with the euthyroid subjects [p &lt; 0.05 for each]. Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the relationships between serum TSH and lipid level showed that TSH levels were positively correlated with TC, LDL-C, TG and negatively correlated with HDL-C in patients with SCH [p &lt; 0.05 for each].&#x0D; Conclusions: Dyslipidemia is a common feature in SCH compared to euthyroid controls. The study showed that TSH level was positively correlated with TC, LDL-C, TG and negatively correlated with HDL-C. SCH should be a matter for further investigation because dyslipidemia is associated with this thyroid disorder.&#x0D; BIRDEM Med J 2021; 11(3): 172-178

Dyslipidaemia pattern and prevalence among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on lipid-lowering therapy at a tertiary hospital in central South Africa

BackgroundAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major cause of death worldwide. A large number of deaths due to ASCVD occurs among people with diabetes mellitus (DM). One of the important modifiable risk factors associated with ASCVD is dyslipidaemia and its prevalence is not known in central South Africa (SA). This study aimed to determine the pattern and prevalence of dyslipidaemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients on lipid-lowering therapy.MethodsThis descriptive, retrospective study of patients’ records was conducted at Universitas Academic Hospital in Bloemfontein, SA. The study population included 143 consecutive T2DM patients of any age that attended the Diabetes Clinic from 1 January to 31 March 2019. The patients had to be on lipid-lowering therapy for a minimum duration of 3 months. Data were sourced from the clinic files and included the patient’s lipid profile, anthropometric and demographic data. Dyslipidaemia was defined using the 2018 SA dyslipidaemia guidelines.ResultsThe median age of the participants was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR] 52–71 years). The majority of the participants were female (n = 92; 64.3 %). The median duration since the DM diagnosis was 18 years (IQR 13–23 years). The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 86.7 % (n = 124). Combined dyslipidaemia, namely either triglycerides (TG) + low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) + TG or HDL + LDL, was the most common pattern (n = 51; 42.5 %) largely due to raised TG + LDL contributing 37.2 % (n = 19) to this pattern. The second and third most common patterns were isolated (either LDL, HDL or TG) and mixed dyslipidaemia (TG + HDL + LDL) at 40.8 % (n = 49) and 16.7 % (n = 20), respectively. The most frequent lipid abnormality (n = 84; 70.0 %) was LDL of ≥ 1.8 mmol/L. Of the 140 participants on statin therapy, only 5 % were on high-intensity therapy.ConclusionsA high prevalence of dyslipidaemia among DM patients was observed, despite the use of lipid-lowering therapy in this small observational study. Our findings highlight the need to better educate healthcare providers regarding the intensification of lipid-lowering therapy, along with improved strategies to address poor glycaemic control and other modifiable lifestyle factors.

Lipidomics reveals association of circulating lipids with body mass index and outcomes in IgA nephropathy patients.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which are commonly accompanied by dyslipidemia. Obesity is also associated with dyslipidemia and risk of CKD, but the relation of the dyslipidemia patterns with obesity and disease progression in IgAN patients remains unknown. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the combined treatment with corticosteroids and TCM have been shown to be of benefit for IgAN patients, but predictive markers for guiding these treatments are lacking. Here, we quantified 545 lipid species in the plasma from 196 participants, including 140 IgAN patients and 56 healthy volunteers, and revealed an altered plasma lipidome in IgAN patients as compared to healthy participants. Association analysis showed that a subgroup of glycerides, particularly triacylglycerols (TGs) containing docosahexaenoic acid, were positively associated with high body mass index (BMI) in under- or normal-weight IgAN patients, while several free fatty acids and sphingomyelins were positively associated with high BMI in overweight or obese IgAN patients. Further, our study suggested that elevated levels of eight lipids, mainly TG species containing linolenic acid, were independent risk factors for IgAN progression and also reported the prospective association of circulating lipids with treatment outcomes in IgAN. Taken together, our findings may not only help to achieve precision medicine but also provide a knowledge base for dietary intervention in the treatment of IgAN.

Association between alcohol dietary pattern and prevalence of dyslipidaemia: WASEDA'S Health Study.

The association between a dietary pattern characterised by high alcohol intake and dyslipidaemia has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol dietary patterns and the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its components. This cross-sectional study enrolled 2171 men and women aged ≥40 years who were alumni of a Japanese university. To identify dietary patterns, a principal component analysis was performed based on the energy-adjusted food intake estimated by a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified, the second of which was named the alcohol dietary pattern and was characterised by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken and fish. This alcohol dietary pattern was associated with reduced LDL-cholesterol levels. The fully adjusted OR (95 % CI) of high LDL-cholesterol for the lowest through highest quartile of alcohol dietary pattern score were 1·00 (reference), 0·83 (0·64, 1·08), 0·84 (0·64, 1·10) and 0·68 (0·49, 0·94), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the alcohol dietary pattern was inversely associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in women, whereas it was positively associated with high TAG levels in men. In conclusion, the alcohol dietary pattern, characterised by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken and fish, was associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its components. This finding provides useful information for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia by modifying the diet.

Frequency and pattern of dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus type 2.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the frequency and pattern of dyslipidemia in patients of diabetes mellitus type 2. Study Design: Cross Sectional Observational study. Setting: Medicine Department and National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology OPD of Dow University Hospital OJHA Campus Karachi Sindh. Period: March 2018 to September 2018. Material &amp; Methods: 142 diabetes mellitus type 2 patients aged between 35-60 years, selected by non-probability consecutive sampling method. Detailed medical history and blood sample for fasting lipid profile was obtained from each diabetic patient. Result: Out of 142 diabetic patients investigated for dyslipidemia, 72 (50.7%) were male and 70 (49.3%) were female with a mean age of 47.49±6.40 (35-60) years. Dyslipidemia was detected in 114 (80.3%) patients; with most common abnormality was elevated serum triglycerides (54.9%), followed by decreased serum HDL cholesterol (50.7%), elevated serum VLDL cholesterol (50.0%), elevated serum cholesterol (38.7%) and elevated serum LDL cholesterol (16.9%). Conclusion: It was concluded that diabetes mellitus type 2 is directly correlated with higher incidence of dyslipidemia.

FC 060METABOLIC PROFILING AS A MARKER OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION IN THE COPENHAGEN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE COHORT

Abstract Background and Aims The relation between chronic kidney disease and adverse cardiovascular events is well-established. It is also known that traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease such as smoking, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increased blood pressure, cannot fully explain the increased cardiovascular burden observed in patients with chronic kidney disease. In addition, patients with chronic kidney disease do not demonstrate typical clinical symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Thus, good biomarkers for identifying patients at risk and a better understanding of the pathophysiology leading to cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease are needed. The objective of the present study was to investigate associations between plasma metabolites and prevalent cardiovascular disease, as well as subclinical cardiovascular disease measured as coronary artery calcification score (CACS), in patients with chronic kidney disease. Method More than 200 metabolic biomarkers, including subclasses of lipoproteins as well as the lipid composition of these, were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 725 patients and 174 controls from the Copenhagen Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort, a single-centre prospective, observational study of non-dialysis patients with stage 1-5 chronic kidney disease. Associations between metabolites and prevalent cardiovascular disease and between metabolites and CACS were determined using multivariable logistic regression and linear regression, respectively. The statistical models were adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and multiple testing. CACS was determined by CT-scannning and calcium scores were subsequently divided into categories of 0 (no calcification), 1-100, 101-400 and &amp;gt; 400. Results When comparing metabolite concentrations in patients with controls, patients presented with the expected pattern of dyslipidaemia in CKD. We found that they had increased plasma triglyceride concentrations, mainly due to an increase in the triglyceride concentration in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, while the concentration of cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles was decreased. Overall, 85 metabolites were significantly associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in a model adjusted for eGFR, age and sex (p &amp;lt; 0.001). After further adjusting for diabetes, body mass index, smoking and cholesterol-lowering medication, the significance was lost for all but six metabolites (p &amp;lt; 0.001). The consistent inverse associations with metabolites were primarily involved in HDL metabolism (e.g. ApoA-1, HDL-C and HDL-2). This also applied to the concentration of total lipids in large HDL particles, the concentration of phospholipids in large HDL particles and the the ratio of phospholipids to total lipids in very small VLDL particles. Of the 84 metabolites associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease, 71 were also associated with CACS in a similar pattern. Yet, in the model adjusted for all seven cardiovascular risk factors, only plasma glucose levels as well as the triglyceride content of larger LDL particles remained significant. Conclusion In this study we identified metabolites associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CACS) in patients with CKD. For prevalent cardiovascular disease associations were mainly found for HDL associated metabolites, while CACS was associated with an increase in the triglyceride content of LDL particles and glucose. Further work needs to be done to establish whether these associations are merely a consequence of the cardiovascular burden or whether there is a causal relation.

Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia- A Detailed Analysis

Background: Diabetic atherosclerosis is a heterogeneous condition, and that dyslipidemia is only one aspect of the pathophysiology. However, dyslipidemia is the most readily measured and, at the present time, the most readily treated aspect of the problem. The occurrence of dyslipidemia can be reduced by good glycemic control. However poor awareness and other socio-economic factors is a major concern and pose a major hindrance in controlling blood sugar levels.&#x0D; Aims and Objective: This study was conducted to study the dyslipidemia pattern in diabetic patients and its association with other factors.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The study included 500 subjects and was divided into two groups: Group 1(Diabetic) included 276 patients and Group 2 (Non-diabetic) included 224 patients. The study patients were screened using a pretested structured questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose and serum lipid profile (cholesterol, TG, HDL) were estimated in automated analyzer (Erba Manheim EM 200).&#x0D; Results: In the current study, all characteristics of diabetes were correlated with each parameter and it was found that disproportionate body mass index, high waist girth was correlated with incidence of dyslipidemia. The education levels and financial background of the subjects were also studied and it was found to correlate well with diabetic dyslipidemia.&#x0D; Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients can reduce the morbidity and mortality due to the disease.

Early cardiac change after menopause-an open level comparative study

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide which is more prevalent in women after menopause. Hormonal changes associated with menopause are accountable for dyslipidemia pattern that causes CVD and associated complications. Therefore, the present study was commenced to compare the lipid profile in pre- and postmenopausal women. A total of 100 samples were collected from women, 50 from premenopausal and 50 from postmenopausal women, and analyzed for Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-). TC, TG, HDL, and LDL were highly significantly increased in postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women. DL/HDL ratio was significantly elevated in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. MI was significantly positively correlated with TC and TG in both pre- and postmenopausal population and it was positively correlated with HDL in the premenopausal population while negatively correlated in the postmenopausal population. Since more of the atherogenic lipid parameters are increased in postmenopausal women, they appear to be more prone to have CVD and associated complications in the near future. Hence, it is mandatory to monitor and manage dyslipidemia patterns in every woman experiencing menopause. To investigate whether menopause may induce left ventricular structural and functional adaptations in normotensive and hypertensive women, we compared in a case-control setting 50 untreated hypertensive premenopausal women with 50 postmenopausal women and 50 normotensive premenopausal women with 50 postmenopausal women. Subjects were individually physically examined &amp; matched by age (38.2±5.9years to 50±1.03years), clinic systolic blood pressure (128.6±1.05mm Hg &amp; 134±1.2mm Hg), clinic diastolic blood pressure (74.6±1.3mm Hg &amp; 74.6±1.2mm Hg), and body mass index (55.3±8.8kg to 55.6±5.9kg) respectively. We conclude that menopause is associated with blunted day-night blood pressure reduction, impaired left the ventricular systolic performance, and concentric left ventricular geometric pattern. These findings are independent of the presence or absence of high blood pressure.