Abstract
The association between a dietary pattern characterised by high alcohol intake and dyslipidaemia has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol dietary patterns and the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its components. This cross-sectional study enrolled 2171 men and women aged ≥40 years who were alumni of a Japanese university. To identify dietary patterns, a principal component analysis was performed based on the energy-adjusted food intake estimated by a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified, the second of which was named the alcohol dietary pattern and was characterised by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken and fish. This alcohol dietary pattern was associated with reduced LDL-cholesterol levels. The fully adjusted OR (95 % CI) of high LDL-cholesterol for the lowest through highest quartile of alcohol dietary pattern score were 1·00 (reference), 0·83 (0·64, 1·08), 0·84 (0·64, 1·10) and 0·68 (0·49, 0·94), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the alcohol dietary pattern was inversely associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in women, whereas it was positively associated with high TAG levels in men. In conclusion, the alcohol dietary pattern, characterised by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken and fish, was associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its components. This finding provides useful information for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia by modifying the diet.
Highlights
Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated that high alcohol intake is associated with an increased risk of mortality[1,2], various types of cancer[3,4], and cardiovascular diseases[2]
Several studies have reported that alcohol intake was inversely associated with circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels [8,9,10], which is a major cause of coronary heart disease, other studies have reported that heavy alcohol intake was associated with increased LDL-C levels [11,12]
The alcohol dietary pattern identified in the present study was similar to the “seafood and alcohol” dietary pattern that we previously identified in the same cohort[22]
Summary
Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated that high alcohol intake is associated with an increased risk of mortality[1,2], various types of cancer[3,4], and cardiovascular diseases[2]. A curvilinear dose-response relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of chronic diseases and mortality has often been observed, a meta-analysis of cohort studies has demonstrated a J-shaped association between alcohol intake and the incidence of coronary heart diseases[1,4]. A meta-analysis of intervention studies has indicated that moderate alcohol intake significantly increases circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels [5,6], which has been proposed to have antiatherogenic properties[7]. Alcohol intake is associated with circulating triglyceride (TG) levels, and J-shaped or U-shaped associations have been observed in several studies[13,14]
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