Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia abounds among diabetics. However, these are poorly characterized among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The current study determined the pattern of dyslipidemia and their relationship with glycemic status among adult T1DM subjects. Methods: This survey was conducted retrospectively among 346 newly-diagnosed/treatment-naïve T1DM adults attending outpatient units of a third-level hospital in Nigeria. Patients’ fasting plasma glucose and lipid parameters at the time of T1DM diagnosis were abstracted from their medical files. Lipid parameters included triglyceride (Tg), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Abstracted parameters were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: Of the 346 studied, 46.8% (n=162) were dyslipidemic (aged: 32.69±6.29) with female predominance (59.3%; p=0.018). Categorically, females predominated among isolated dyslipidemics while males predominated among the combined/mixed dyslipidemics. High plasma Tg concentration (n=142;87.7%) was the most common isolated dyslipidemia without male/female difference (p>0.05); seconded by low HDL-C (n=80;49.4%) with the females predominating (p<0.05). The most combined and mixed dyslipidemia was high plasma Tg/low HDL-C (total n=28, 17.3%; males n=16, 24.2% vs. females n=12, 12.5%; p=0.011) and high plasma Tg/high LDL-C/low-HDL-C (total n=30, 18.5%; males n=18, 27.3% vs. females n=12, 12.5%; p=0.001) concentrations, respectively with male predominance. The female dyslipidemics were younger with lower BMI, higher systolic blood pressure, glycemia, and mean plasma Tg levels (p<0.05). The overall dyslipidemics had poor glycemic status and their risk of dyslipidemia increases with worsening glycemia. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was common and associated with poor glycemic status among the studied cohorts. This finding informs the need for more rigorous monitoring of dyslipidemia among T1DM subjects to reduce the risk of its complications.
Highlights
Dyslipidemia abound among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) of type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM) and various other forms of DM. [1,2,3,4,5] These abnormalities are cardinal components in the etiopathogenesis of a vast number of atherosclerotic vascular complications generally reported among patients with DM. [2, 3] Studies have consistently demonstrated that lipid/lipoprotein abnormalities serve as mediators between DM and the these atherosclerotic vascular
Dyslipidemia in DM, which could either be quantitative, qualitative, or kinetic aberrations, are purported to be direct consequences of the relative/absolute deficiency of insulin hormone, characteristic of DM. [1, 4] The insulin deficiency alters the physiologic functions the hormone exercises over lipid/lipoprotein metabolism, thereby promoting atherosclerotic vascular complications. [1,2,3,4] The co-existence of atherosclerotic vascular complications occasioned by lipid/lipoprotein abnormalities significantly confers an increased risk of adverse health outcomes in the course of DM. [2,3,4,5,6]
We aimed to describe the lipid/lipoprotein abnormalities and their relationship with glycemic status among adults diagnosed with T1DM at a third-level hospital in Nigeria
Summary
Dyslipidemia (lipid/lipoprotein abnormalities) abound among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) of type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM) and various other forms of DM. [1,2,3,4,5] These abnormalities are cardinal components in the etiopathogenesis of a vast number of atherosclerotic vascular (microvascular and macrovascular) complications generally reported among patients with DM. [2, 3] Studies have consistently demonstrated that lipid/lipoprotein abnormalities serve as mediators between DM and the these atherosclerotic vascularScience Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020; 9(3): 74-81 complications. [3, 6]. Within the urban city of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, South-south Nigeria, no study, to date, has been reported on lipid/lipoprotein abnormalities among subjects with T1DM. Through this current study, we aimed to describe the lipid/lipoprotein abnormalities and their relationship with glycemic status among adults diagnosed with T1DM at a third-level hospital in Nigeria. The current study determined the pattern of dyslipidemia and their relationship with glycemic status among adult T1DM subjects. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was common and associated with poor glycemic status among the studied cohorts This finding informs the need for more rigorous monitoring of dyslipidemia among T1DM subjects to reduce the risk of its complications
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