Patriotic Research Articles

Unveiling Public Perception and Interpretation of China’s National Self-Image: Analyzing Chinese Online Commentary Data

This research study aims to address the oversight in previous studies that focused on constructing China’s image through the media without investigating how audiences perceive and interpret that depiction. This study aims to investigate how Chinese internet users perceive China’s self-image to understand Chinese citizens’ attitudes and reactions to political propaganda circulated by Chinese authorities online more effectively. To achieve this, we have chosen “This is China,” an online political program that presents China’s self-image. A total of 60,648 comments were collected and analyzed. For the analysis, T-LDA, Sentiment Analysis, and Semantic Network Analysis were employed. The study reveals six significant factors: Real-Life Stress, Patriotic Sentiment, Rational Emotion, Program Style, Presenter’s Public Persona, and Ironic Remarks, all of which shape the public’s perception of China’s image. Specifically, the study finds that Patriotism and Program Style have a positive influence on the audience’s perception, while the other factors hinder a favorable interpretation of the nation’s image.

A taste of Francophobia: ragout in eighteenth-century English literature

ABSTRACT This essay examines the depiction of French ragout in eighteenth-century English literature, arguing that the dish reflects social apprehension regarding ideological, cultural, and military conflicts between England and France. This essay first traces a brief history of ragout, along with an overview of the dish’s cultural connotation and complexity, in eighteenth-century English society. It next delves into the concept of eighteenth-century English Francophobia, demonstrating that this sentiment was a mixture of national pride and anxiety amid England’s identity crisis under the potential French cultural threat. Finally, the essay examines ragout in eighteenth-century English literature and identifies the dish as the target of French pretension and cultural invasion. This research highlights the fact that eighteenth-century English authors’ satirical portrait of ragout underscored xenophobic gastronomy and cautioned against a simple interpretation of the dish. The caricature and representation of ragout as a feminized, artificial, and laughable dish reinforces eighteenth-century English writers’ concern for the invasion of foreign culture by emphasizing the contrast between authentic ‛Anglo’ meat consumption and ‛Franco’ sophistication.

What determines public attitudes toward immigration in the Middle East: an analysis at the individual level

PurposeSurveys in Europe show that immigration is more of a challenge than an opportunity for a significant number of people. However, little attention is given to attitudes toward immigration in the Middle East. This paper examines the effects of personal values and religiosity on the anti-immigration attitudes of citizens in the Middle East and North African countries.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing data from the World Values Survey, we analyze how personal values and religiosity affect anti-immigration attitudes in nine Middle Eastern countries. The data covers individual-level data of 9 MENA countries from the WVS Round 7 (2017–2022). Factor analysis is applied as a data reduction method. Afterward, an OLS regression analysis is conducted on the pooled data.FindingsAnti-immigration attitudes increase with age, education, and religiosity. Personal values such as national pride, support for nationals, and belongingness to one’s country significantly affect anti-immigration attitudes. Furthermore, the importance of religion as a measure of religiosity was found to be positively associated with anti-immigration attitudes.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to underexplored literature by investigating how individual-level determinants, such as demographic indicators, personal values, and religious factors, shape anti-immigration attitudes in the MENA context, distinct from European dynamics.

Integration of Red Resources in Middle School Art Teaching Practice Research

The integration of red resources is an important aspect of middle school art education, and incorporating the spirit and culture of the color red into middle school art classrooms holds significant significance. This paper, using art as a medium, explores the educational pathway of integrating red resources into middle school art education by examining and analyzing primary and secondary school curricula and teaching theories, core literacy teaching theories, new art curriculum standards, and subject textbooks. Through investigating teaching methods to enrich the forms of art curriculum content, this study aims to shape students' ideal beliefs, cultivate patriotic sentiments, and promote the development of the art discipline.

Nationalism and environmentalism from the global perspective: A comparative survey analysis of eco‐nationalism

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between environmentalism and nationalism, including eco‐nationalism, from comparative empirical survey studies. This study uses the Integrated Value Survey dataset, comprising approximately 240,000 respondents from 100 countries since 2010, to explore nationalism and pro‐environmental attitudes among public opinion across various countries. From a global perspective, a positive correlation between national pride or national identity and environmentalism is observed among many countries, whereas in a few regions, namely, certain parts of Western Europe and North America, both sentiments exhibit a negative correlation. Further regression analysis indicates that eco‐nationalism and green nationalism tend to emerge in less economically developed countries but are not affected by the degree of democracy, resource rent and level of globalisation. This study demonstrates that the link between environmentalism and nationalism is not definitive but contextual, and it clarifies the context that defines it through empirical international comparisons.

Sports nationalism and xenophobia: When cheering turns into violence

International football matches are among the highest manifestations of national pride and unity that a country can have in peaceful times. However, some anecdotal evidence suggests that when things go wrong (e.g. when the national team loses), the euphoria surrounding these events can easily turn into xenophobic outbursts. We propose a conceptual framework and an empirical analysis to explain whether sports nationalism can fuel xenophobic behavior and attacks against immigrants. Leveraging on new soccer data from Germany and quasi-experimental econometric techniques, we show the existence of a causal nexus between the national team’s performance in prominent international competitions and shifts in nationalist tendencies and xenophobic behaviors against immigrants. In the immediate days following a defeat of the German national team, there is a significant increase in the number of attacks against immigrants in the country. The opposite happens following a victory. Through a variety of robustness tests and different specifications, we show that the effect is specific to attacks against immigrants and not due to a general increase in violent behavior observed in other studies. Finally, we investigate potential underlying mechanisms by looking at the effect of football matches on reported mood and attitudes against immigrants.

Johann Georg Zimmermann’s internalised republicanism

ABSTRACT This article draws attention to the transformation of the Swiss physician Johann Georg Zimmermann’s (1728–1795) work on national pride. First published as Von dem Nationalstolze in 1758, this work attracted trans-European interest and consequently appeared in substantially revised editions in 1760 and 1768. One notable addition in the new editions was a chapter on national pride felt by the subjects of monarchies, which could be taken as indicating a monarchist turn in Zimmermann’s thinking. However, as the article contends, Zimmermann’s work can be read not only as a treatise making claims about the national pride of various countries but also as a text which, in so doing, attempted to encourage liberty and patriotic virtue in different societies. As such, it can be interpreted as representing a variation of republicanism that focussed solely on reforming the thinking of individuals. This argument is based on an analysis of the evolution of Zimmermann’s work, his correspondence, contemporary reviews, and a set of unpublished draft prefaces. As this evidence indicates, Zimmermann aspired to promote a republican attitude wherever his readers were situated. However, appreciating this ‘internalised republicanism’ requires that his writing is examined as a process involving the reactions of his expanding audience.

History Education as an Effort to Internalize Civic Knowledge: A Case Study at an Islamic-Based Private Senior High School in Malang City

This research aims to understand the process and efforts of internalizing civic knowledge (wawasan kebangsaan) in history learning, identify emerging obstacles, and evaluate the implications of such internalization. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. This research data was analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s descriptive data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that: (1) the process of history learning that internalizes civic knowledge involves a series of planning, implementation, and evaluation activities; (2) teachers undergo a series of processes for internalizing civic knowledge, such as value transformation, value transaction, and trans-internalization of values; (3) obstacles and solutions for internalizing civic knowledge through history learning can be seen from the factors of the teachers themselves, the learners, and the implementation of the learning process; (4) the internalization of civic knowledge through history learning has a greater impact on national understanding compared to national pride and national attitudes.

The rise of Q-pop in Kazakhstan and its impact on national identity

This study delves into the influence of the Korean Wave on the emergence of Q-pop in Kazakhstan, examining its impact on the country's cultural landscape and national identity. Stemming from the worldwide appeal of Korean culture, Q-pop merges local Kazakh motifs with global trends, leaving a significant mark on Kazakhstan's music industry and culture. This study highlights how Q-pop influences Kazakhstani youth's sense of national pride, spreading across Central Asia and countering Russian musical dominance. The research aims to investigate the role of Q-pop in reinforcing Kazakh cultural ties among various demographic groups, thereby enriching our comprehension of national identity in the country. This study utilized a quantitative research methodology, employing an online survey and snowball sampling technique to gather statistically significant results and insights into the rise of Q-pop and its intricate relation with national identity in Kazakhstan. Through exploring Q-pop's interaction with different cultural contexts, this study aims to shed light on the dynamics of cultural adaptation, fusion, and national identity construction in Kazakhstan, paying special attention to the intricate effects of gender and geographical factors. It highlights the critical balance between preserving Kazakh traditions and aligning with the younger generation's preferences.

Assessing multiple values of nature in National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans

Abstract Around the world, people express a variety of values of nature based on how they relate and interact with it. These values of nature, broadly classified as instrumental, intrinsic, and relational values, underlie environmental policy and decision‐making processes. In this paper, our aim was to assess the values of nature that are expressed in national environmental policy documents. We assessed the National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs), the key national policy framework for biodiversity conservation, from 11 countries, representing the five regional United Nations groups. We used qualitative content analysis to identify the value orientation of the statements in the NBSAPs and the main themes under each. Across the 11 NBSAPs, unspecified value orientation statements were the most common (40%), followed by instrumental (38%), intrinsic (14%) and relational (9%) value orientation statements. We identified the main themes in the instrumental value orientation statements as follows: (1) sustainability, (2) natural resources and (3) ecosystem services. The main themes present in the intrinsic value orientation statements were as follows: (1) recognizing intrinsic value, (2) endangered species and habitats, (3) conservation programmes and (4) threats to nature. Relational value orientation statements referenced as follows: (1) duty and responsibility to protect nature, (2) values expressed for nature, (3) national pride and heritage, (4) Indigenous peoples and local community's (IP&LCs) relationships with nature, (5) protecting nature for future generations and (6) equity in the use and access of nature. Our findings indicate that NBSAPs respond to the directive of the Convention on Biological Diversity. They are primarily based on the instrumental values of nature, only rarely considering other ways in which nature is valuable to people. This can reinforce unjust outcomes for human well‐being since environmental policies may not reflect the diverse ways in which nature and biodiversity matter to the population. In an increasingly interconnected world, environmental policies are called on to incorporate multiple values to achieve positive outcomes for both human well‐being and biodiversity conservation. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

National pride and safety awareness at large events: analyzing BTS’ ‘Yet to Come’ concert in Busan

National pride and safety awareness at large events: analyzing BTS’ ‘Yet to Come’ concert in Busan

Factors enabling and hindering sporting success among South African elite athletes from historically disadvantaged areas: Through a coaching lens

Sporting success among nations provides a sense of value and national pride. This paper evaluated the perceptions and experiences of national coaches on the enablers and hindrances of international sporting success by elite athletes from historically disadvantaged areas (HDA) using the SPLISS framework. A qualitative research study design was employed for this study. Ten internationally recognised coaches (46.7 ± 12.9 years) volunteered for the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Data was analysed using a computer software programme. Governance, organisation and sports policies, coach provision, local/international competition access, bursaries/scholarships and sport volunteerism were perceived as enablers, while lack of financial support, foundation level participation, school sport, athlete retention, sports facilities, reliable transport system and scientific support were perceived to be hindrances to sporting success. The findings highlight the need for policymakers to oversee and ensure a systemic governance approach with an integrated sports support system and effective policies, institutions and strategic planning, coupled with an adequate budget allocation in support of this system to facilitate elite sports success.

Research on the Teaching Pathways of English Major Curriculum Ideological and Political Education from the Perspective of “Cultural Confidence”

With the rapid development of global information technology and the continuous deepening of the new educational philosophy of College English majors, College English teaching is no longer limited to helping students lay a solid foundation in English language, but also to cultivate students’ cross-cultural awareness, cultural identity, and national pride. College teachers should fully integrate China’s excellent traditional culture, integrate “curriculum ideological and political education” into practical teaching to enhance students’ cultural confidence, and promote China’s excellent traditional cultural ideas[1]. “Integrated English” as a core professional course shoulders the dual mission of language learning and cultural exchange. The long-standing Chinese culture provides a rich source for the ideological and political courses of College English majors. This article, from the perspective of cultural confidence, combines the current situation of English major teaching in university education, analyzes the significance of developing ideological and political courses for College English majors from the perspective of cultural confidence, and explores effective ways to implement ideological and political education for College English majors from the perspective of cultural confidence. The author takes the course Contemporary College English Intensive Reading 1 as an example, explores the ideological and political elements in the textbook from the perspective of cultural confidence, designs a teaching outline that combines teaching objectives and ideological and political objectives, and explores the practical path of implementing the function of ideological and political education in College English teaching.

The effect of sport consumption on citizens national pride and subjective well-being

The objective of this study was to disentangle the relationships that exist between sporting success, sports consumption (i.e., sport participation, sport spectating and sport media viewing), national pride and subjective well-being. Data was collected from 374 respondents. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse the variables that were measured in accordance with previous studies. The model which centred on sports consumption showed a great explanatory capacity (73% and 43%). Sport participation was the factor with the highest impact on national pride and subjective well-being, even greater than the effects of sporting success and sport spectating. Another reason for the importance of citizens being physically active was noted. These results have managerial implications for sports policymakers and managers responsible for national teams and sport participation programmes. No evidence was found that higher levels of national pride directly affect subjective well-being.

ŞAGİRDLƏRDƏ MİLLİ QÜRURLULUQ TƏRBİYƏSİNİN PSİXOLOJİ ƏSASLARI

The article determines that when organizing any event, referring to the existing principles of education, as well as taking into account consistency, systematicity, age appropriateness, individual and gender characteristics, purposefulness, respect and exactingness towards the child, influence through the team, the combination of pedagogical leadership and the child’s own activities, humanism and other principles can achieve success in the formation of a sense of national pride. Key words: national ideological feelings, national feeling of pride, terms of educational, individual point of view, national characters

National Pride, Economic Evaluation, and Public Support for Economic Sanctions: The Case of Japan’s Economic Sanctions Against South Korea

Abstract This study addresses a research gap by exploring the impact of emotional factors, specifically national pride, on public support for economic sanctions, which has received relatively limited attention compared to the strategic aspects of sanctions. Our proposal posits that citizens’ national pride, acting as a symbolic motivation, particularly in the context of hostile national competition, can result in increased support for economic sanctions. Furthermore, we suggest that among individuals with strong national pride, the likelihood of supporting economic sanctions tends to rise as their economic perceptions improve. To investigate this relationship, we analyzed data from Japan Electoral Study VI, conducted during Japan’s economic sanctions against South Korea in 2019. These findings reveal that national pride significantly shapes public opinion on economic sanctions and that among individuals with strong national pride, positive perceptions of economic conditions act as a catalyst, strengthening their support for economic sanctions.

Research on the Path of Aiding Integrating Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture into Biochemistry Teaching Curriculum with the Artificial Intelligence Technologies

Traditional culture has profound connotation and great inclusiveness. Incorporating traditional culture into biochemistry education not only boosts students' enthusiasm and attentiveness but also expands their analytical viewpoints. With the help of artificial intelligence technology, interweaving scientific and cultural wisdom, we can better promote our ancient traditions and instill a deep sense of national pride in our students. The article delves into the backdrop of merging Chinese exemplary traditional culture with the biochemistry curriculum. It further investigates the challenges of intensifying the instruction of this esteemed culture and the considerations when utilizing Chinese traditional values to enhance biochemistry education. On this basis, the article highlights the practical rationale for weaving Chinese exemplary traditional culture into the biochemistry curriculum, and briefly discusses the possible ways to improve the teaching effect of the course with the help of artificial intelligence technology, in order to promote the profound synergy between the three and thus promote the development of the biochemistry education framework.

Study on the Co-Development Path between the Ideological and Political Thinking of Physical Education Curriculum and the Consciousness of the Chinese Nation Community in the Frontier Minority Areas

Cast firmly the Chinese nation community consciousness, is to safeguard the fundamental interests of the ethnic groups is the inevitable requirement of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the inevitable requirement of consolidating and developing equality unity mutual assistance harmonious socialist ethnic relations is the inevitable requirement of the party's ethnic work to open up new prospects. Yunnan is located in the southwest border of the motherland, is one of the most ethnic minority species and multi-ethnic cultural resources in the region. Yunnan border universities must integrate ideological and political education teaching resources, guide students to cast firmly the Chinese nation community consciousness, cultivate national feelings, enhance national confidence and pride, promote social common development. Based on this, this article will start from the perspective of ideological and political education in physical education courses, explore the mechanism of ideological and political education in physical education courses to cast firmly the Chinese nation community consciousness, discuss the strengthening of education on the national college students in Yunnan to cast firmly the national community consciousness, guide the youth of all ethnic groups to forge ahead, maintain national unity, build a beautiful home, which has practical significance for the high-quality, leapfrog development of Yunnan, and explore its practical path.

Firms’ Rhetorical Nationalism: Theory, Measurement, and Evidence from a Computational Analysis of Chinese Public Firms

AbstractIn this article, we develop a computational measure of firm-level rhetorical nationalism. We first review the literature and develop a four-dimensional theoretical framework of nationalism relevant to firms: national pride, anti-foreign, dominant agenda (national revival), and corporate role. We then use machine-learning-based text analysis of over 41,000 annual reports of Chinese public firms from 2000 to 2020 and identify a dictionary of words for each dimension. Using a weighted ratio of nationalism-related words, we describe the overall picture of Chinese public firms’ rhetorical nationalism and provide the first empirical evidence regarding rising rhetorical nationalism among Chinese firms. Firms’ demonstration of rhetorical nationalism is related to both strategic and socialization factors; firms that are state-owned enterprises, older, larger, more profitable, consumer-facing, with more individual investors, and lower sales from overseas demonstrate a higher level of nationalism. Firms that demonstrate more rhetorical nationalism also have a better future financial return. Our study provides a theoretical framework for the organizational study of nationalism and a new measure for firms’ rhetorical nationalism, and demonstrates that rising rhetorical nationalism among Chinese firms is more strongly driven by firms’ motivations to appeal to domestic investors and consumers than to obtain government subsidies. Our dataset is publicly available at: https://sites.google.com/view/firms-rhetorical-nationalism

The ‘pragmatic’ foreign policy of the Meloni government: between ‘Euro-nationalism’, Atlanticism and Mediterranean activism

ABSTRACT Concerned about reassuring its European and transatlantic allies, during 2023 the Meloni government pursued a foreign policy aimed at showing consistency of intent and reaffirming Italy’s international role. In particular, the government has focused its efforts on redefining relations with the European Union, the United States, the wider Mediterranean and the Indo-Pacific – while interfacing with the Russian-Ukrainian and Israeli-Palestinian conflicts. Migration and energy have been guiding themes for the executive’s conduct on the international scene, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Overall, the foreign policy of the Meloni government has developed in substantial continuity with that of Mario Draghi; what characterises it, however, is a marked pragmatism, an emphasis on a rediscovered national pride, as well as the risks of overstretch and personalisation of political conduct around the role of the Prime Minister.