The reforms carried out in the country in health care redefine the tasks and functions of health care management, including the dental service. In recent decades, there has been a clear tendency towards an increase in dental morbidity in Russia against the background of a decrease in its availability and the level of preventive work, primarily due to an increase in the volume of medical care. In connection with the increase in the segment of non-state dental clinics, a change in the structure of the network of medical and prophylactic institutions of a dental profile is registered, while an increase in the number of patients seeking dental care for the first time at the stage of the disease requiring treatment in inpatient conditions is revealed. The aim of the study was to study the structure of surgical pathology of the maxillofacial region in children and adults in the Chelyabinsk region. To solve this goal, a retrospective study of the incidence and structure of surgical diseases of the maxillofacial region was carried out in patients of all age groups who received inpatient treatment in specialized departments for the period from 2016 to 2020. In the course of the study, it was revealed that in the Chelyabinsk region there is a consistently high need to provide assistance to patients of different ages with surgical pathology of the maxillofacial region in hospitalization — both among adults (18883 people were treated for the 5-year period under study), and during the analysis. data of pediatric patients (from 873 to 1070 children were treated per year). The majority of adult patients undergoing treatment in the conditions of the departments of maxillofacial surgery were admitted on an emergency basis with inflammatory processes (most often diagnosed with odontogenic phlegmon (L03.2)) and traumatic lesions of the face and neck (the vast majority — patients with fractures of the lower jaw (S02.6)), then in descending order — neoplasms, deformities and congenital pathology of the maxillofacial region followed; in children, after inflammatory diseases, neoplasms of the orofacial zone were recorded, followed by congenital pathology and facial injuries.