Abstract
Currently, the problem of the development of resistance to drugs among microorganisms that colonize the urogenital system is becoming especially relevant due to broadly distributed dysbiotic conditions of the reproductive system of men and women. Therefore, there should be constant monitoring of the qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiota of the urogential tract and determination of the levels of antibiotic-resistance of strains of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the reproductive system of various layers of the population. We monitored 774,375 people of various age and sex – patients of the independent diagnostic laboratory INVITRO in the city Dnipro in 2017–2019. Among the examined people, 640,783 of the patients were diagnosed with the development of dysbiotic disorders, accounting for 82.7% of the total amount of the applications for medical help. According to the results of identification of the range of dysbiotic conditions of the urogenital system of patients of different ages and sexes, we determined the dominating role of facultative anaerobes in the development of dysbiotic impairments caused by colonizations by large numbers of conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms: in women, Gardnerella accounted for 86.1%, Staphylococcus – 63.2%, Streptococcus – 54.1%, Candida – 69.3%; in men, Streptococcus were found in 83.0%, Staphylococcus – 79.4%, Corynebacterium – 54.2% and Candida – 37.6% of the cases. Share of obligate anaerobes was also quite large: women were diagnosed with Prevotella in 59.7%, Peptostreptococcus in 53.2%, Fusobacterium in 45.4% of the cases cases; men were observed to have Peptostreptococcus 62.4%, Clostridium in 54.3%, Bacteroides in 32.5% of the cases. We determined high parameters of frequency of diagnosing antibiotic-resistant isolates of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms that circulate in the urogenital tract of patients with dysbiotic impairments, belonging to the following families: Mycoplasmataceae – 78.6%, Enterobacteriaceae – 56.0% and genera – Staphylococcus – 76.1%, Gardnerella – 24.3%, Corynebacterium – 21.2%. The research revealed increase in the frequency of detection of strains of urapathogenic bacteria resistant to the applied antibiotic preparations in 2018–2019 compared with the data of 2017: increases of 10.3% and 6.4% in representatives of family Mycoplasmataceae resistant to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin respectively, 4.8% and 4.0% in Enterobacteriaceae resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin respectively, and 8.9% in the genus Staphylococcus resistant to vancomycin.
Highlights
According to the modern views, the microbial landscape of the urogenital tract plays an important role in the development of disease conditions
At the moment, there is a significant potential for progress in discovering biomarkers and stratification of the development of diseases, and to determine mechanisms that lie at the basis of dynamic balance of microbial groups involved in inflammatory processes of the urogenital tract (Neugent et al, 2020)
Many inflammatory processes are caused by the development of dysbiotic condition of the reproductive system, which is characterized by absence of specific symptoms of disease, predominance of an asymptomatic clinical picture and high probability of development of chronic forms and, as a result, malfunctioning of the reproductive function
Summary
According to the modern views, the microbial landscape of the urogenital tract plays an important role in the development of disease conditions. At the moment, there is a significant potential for progress in discovering biomarkers and stratification of the development of diseases, and to determine mechanisms that lie at the basis of dynamic balance of microbial groups involved in inflammatory processes of the urogenital tract (Neugent et al, 2020). The highest amount of deviations was recorded for inhabitants of large industrial cities (Graspeuntner et al, 2018). The relevance of this problem, for the city of Dnipro, makes it necessary to study ways and causes of distribution of dysbioses and development of timely and adequate correction of the composition of microbiota of people with dysbiotic impairments
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