Path Connectivity Research Articles

Raw Material Weighing Application Through Visual-Based RS-232 Cable Port

Officers who record incoming weighing data using a manual weighing machine experience difficulties when interacting with the weighing device. It is difficult to press the buttons, the storage memory cannot be more than three digits, and the display is difficult for officials to understand which can hinder the performance of recording the scales. Lack of capacity to store scale data on Officers who record incoming weighing data using a manual weighing machine experience difficulties when interacting with the weighing device. It is difficult to press the buttons, the storage memory cannot be more than three digits, and the display is difficult for officials to understand which can hinder the performance of recording the scales. Lack of capacity to store scale data on machine, so it can only store a maximum of 3 data scales. Inflexible on-machine data storage system. That is, the data scales that have been stored cannot be moved apart from within the machine itself. The large size of the machine is enough to take up space. So it is necessary to design a signal connection path from the scales to the computer via cable. With a computerized weighing application through the RS-232 communication port, where data input can be done using a visual-based weighing application. This data is then processed and produces an accurate report according to the data recorded by the scales. The testing process is carried out by entering data on the scales 19 times along with the check-in and check-out process for each incoming truck of raw materials for transportation. The testing process is carried out so that the application can run properly. machine, so it can only store a maximum of 3 data scales. Inflexible on-machine data storage system. That is, the data scales that have been stored cannot be moved apart from within the machine itself. The large size of the machine is enough to take up space. So it is necessary to design a signal connection path from the scales to the computer via cable. With a computerized weighing application through the RS-232 communication port, where data input can be done using a visual-based weighing application. This data is then processed and produces an accurate report according to the data recorded by the scales. The testing process is carried out by entering data on the scales 19 times along with the check-in and check-out process for each incoming truck of raw materials for transportation. The testing process is carried out so that the application can run properly.

Various Control Strategies Performance Assessment of the DFIG wind turbine connected to a DC grid

AbstractThis paper deals with the integration and control of the doubly fed induction generator‐based wind turbine (DFIG‐WT) in a DC grid. In this way, the stator of the DFIG‐WT is integrated with the DC grid via an uncontrolled diode‐bridge rectifier as well as a buck converter to provide a flexible connection path. In addition, the rotor of the DFIG‐WT exchanges power with the DC grid through a rotor‐side converter (RSC). By considering the DFIG‐WT system topology, three control strategies based on the stator flux‐oriented vector control are developed for the RSC and buck converter. The control schemes consist of the outer and the inner control loops with the proportional–integral (PI) controllers. Additionally, the stability of control strategies and their dependence on the generator parameters are evaluated and compared using modal analysis and numerical simulations in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Finally, a real‐time hardware‐in‐the‐loop emulation‐based OPAL‐RT 5600 is accomplished to assess the performance of the superior control method from a practical perspective.

Heat extraction performance of fractured geothermal reservoirs considering aperture variability

It is still a challenging task to explain the uncertainty of the production of fractured geothermal reservoirs by using a parallel plate model without considering the variable aperture. Hence, we incorporated a heterogeneous aperture field with contact obstacles into a discrete fracture network (DFN) with different connection paths and densities and executed a medium-scale fluid flow and heat transfer simulation. The results show that severe flow channelization occurs in fracture systems with variable apertures, and the effective flow area is less than 40%. The increase in correlation length and contact obstacles leads to a decrease in the flow rate. The flow topology network reveals the reselection of dominant flow channels in the DFN. The effective flow intensity is independent of the fracture density and connection path length but has a negative correlation with the correlation length. The production temperature and cumulative heat energy production of the DFN model show a linear relationship with the correlation length. Finally, the strong correlation between cumulative heat production and the effective flow area emphasizes the critical role of flow channelization in the heat extraction of complex fracture systems. This study provides useful help for understanding how the micro heterogeneous aperture impacts macro production.

Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow

Under the green goals of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, understanding how to develop the economy with high quality is an important issue facing regional development. Based on the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, this paper studies the industrial function connection path and economic network characteristics of the Hexi Corridor through an urban flow model, dominant flow analysis, modified gravity model, and social network analysis method, and puts forward an economic synergistic development model. It is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage. The results are as follows. (1) The overall function of the urban agglomeration is weak, the outward function of manufacturing is outstanding, the complementary network is highly complicated and evolving, and the environment and public service and tourism industry have apparent advantages. (2) The backbone correlation axes of the “three industries” show the characteristics of a closed triangular connection, dual-core linkage development, and multi-center multi-axis interaction. (3) The economic network has a greater agglomeration effect than diffusion effect, with prominent grouping characteristics, forming a network structure of “one man, three vices, and many nodes” and a significant spatial proximity effect. (4) Based on geographical proximity, the “one axis, four circles, multiple points, and multiple channels” synergistic development model, which breaks administrative barriers, becomes the endogenous driving force for the evolution of the economic network.

The Influences of Socio-Cultural Characteristics on Public Low-Cost Residents’ Satisfaction: A Case Study on PPR Seri Aman Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The development of housing often needed to be considered both economic and socio- cultural elements. Certain variables, such as residents' experience and socio-cultural backgrounds, have influenced how people perceive their living environment. Past researchers have highlighted several issues associated with low-cost housing and showed that Malaysia's housing policies still failed to provide a comfortable living area for the low- cost income group. Moreover, previous studies mainly focused on the residents' demographic characteristics as the influential factors. Therefore, this paper tries to fill this gap by (i) identify the socio-cultural characteristics of residents (ii) analyse the relationship between residents’ satisfaction and their socio-cultural characteristics. This is important since the study related to this aspect remains insufficient and their characteristics might affect the level of satisfaction of residents in terms of housing necessity. Based on the purposive sampling, the low-cost housing residents were selected. A questionnaire survey has been conducted on 93 residents of PPR Seri Aman in Kuala Lumpur and the data was analyzed using factor analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis. Findings from the study revealed that the residents were fairly satisfied with the dwelling unit features and neighborhood facilities. The low level of satisfaction among residents was heavily influenced by the yard, kitchen, dining space, parking available, sidewalks and connectivity of paths, traffic nearby, and the distance to take public transport. Further suggestions or recommendations are proposed to improve these situations or to help for future development planning.

The Internal Connection and Connection Path between Rural Revitalization and Community Support for Rural Elderly Living Alone

The Internal Connection and Connection Path between Rural Revitalization and Community Support for Rural Elderly Living Alone

新时代脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴战略有效衔接的路径研究

新时代脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴战略有效衔接的路径研究

An intelligent base link recovery management and path stability in clustered randomly distributed mobile ad hoc networks

MANETs are networks of mobile nodes that are randomly distributed and play a major role in data transmission, route discovery, and route maintenance. Connection recovery and path stability are significant issues in the MANET, making data transfer problematic. When mobile nodes move out of range or when the node lacks adequate energy to maintain connection or path stability, data packet loss happens. We suggest a Clustered Intermediate System-Clustered Intermediate System Local Connection Failure Recovery Algorithm (Clustered Intermediate System-Clustered Intermediate System LLFRA) routing migration technique that builds the node while simultaneously repairing the broken link. Also utilised to look at node energy, energy- drained nodes, and route stability is Dolphin Partner Optimisation (DPO). The suggested approach's primary goal is to guarantee route stability while reducing packet loss. The suggested method is put to the test using the NS-2 simulator. The proposed recovery protocol beats the current technique in charge of PDR, end to end delay, throughput and node failures, according to experimental outputs.

Автоматическое построение отказоустойчивых бортовых сетей

Fault tolerance is one of the key issues for on-board networks of autonomously operating vehicles. The number of devices in such networks is increasing; there is a need for methods for automating the design of networks, taking into account the required fault tolerance and technical limitations. Purpose: the purpose of the study is the implementation of methods and algorithms that contribute to the assessment of the fault tolerance of on-board networks, as well as the automatic generation of network structures with the required fault tolerance. Methods: The obtained methods and algorithms are based on the elements of graph theory, in particular – estimation of connectivity and shortest path search. The graphs are compiled based on the structure of the onboard network using a number of proposed rules. Structural redundancy is considered as a method of ensuring fault tolerance. The developed method provides reasonable addition of the network elements, in contrast to the often used copying of the network structure. The method consists of two stages: the new network structure is generated according to the required fault tolerance, and then iteratively refines the network structure in order to reduce hardware costs. Results: the use of the developed method simplifies and speeds up the design of on-board networks, since a formalized assessment of such a network is carried out at the design stage, before its actual assembly. The process of achieving of the required fault tolerance for large network structures takes less than a minute. Practical relevance: the presented method is implemented within the framework of the computer-aided system for design and modeling of onboard networks, a longterm approbation was carried out as part of real projects for the development of onboard networks of spacecraft. Discussion: there are no analogues of such a software implementation for on-board networks. The solutions obtained using the method in practice proved to be close to optimal; the research results have positive feedback from specialists.

An Optimal Cluster Head and Gateway Node Selection with Fault Tolerance

In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), Quality of Service (QoS) is an important factor that must be analysed for the showing the better performance. The Node Quality-based Clustering Algorithm using Fuzzy-Fruit Fly Optimization for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection (NQCAFFFOCHGS) has the best network performance because it uses the Improved Weighted Clustering Algorithm (IWCA) to cluster the network and the FFO algorithm, which uses fuzzy-based network metrics to select the best CH and entryway. However, the major drawback of the fuzzy system was to appropriately select the membership functions. Also, the network metrics related to the path or link connectivity were not considered to effectively choose the CH and gateway. When learning fuzzy sets, this algorithm employs a new Continuous Action-set Learning Automata (CALA) approach that correctly modifies and chooses the fuzzy membership functions. Despite the fact that it extends the network’s lifespan, it does not assist in the detection of defective nodes in the routing route. Because of this, a new Fault Tolerance (NQCAEFFFOCHGS-FT) mechanism based on the Distributed Connectivity Restoration (DCR) mechanism is proposed, which allows the network to self-heal as a consequence of the algorithm’s self-healing capacity. Because of the way this method is designed, node failures may be utilised to rebuild the network topology via the use of cascaded node moves. Founded on the fractional network information and topologic overhead related with each node, the DCR is suggested as an alternative to the DCR. When compared to the NQCAFFFOCHGS algorithm, the recreation results display that the proposed NQCAEFFFOCHGS-FT algorithm improves network performance in terms of end-to-end delay, energy consumption, Packet Loss Ratio (PLR), Normalized Routing Overhead (NRO), and Balanced Load Index (BLI).

Open Sensing System for Long Term, Low Cost Water Quality Monitoring

Water is a major preoccupation for our generation since it is crucial in keeping a healthy ecosystem and supporting biodiversity. The state of aquatic systems and water bodies needs to be continuously monitored to make informed decisions and trigger sanitation when necessary. However, observing and tracking the evolution of many water bodies without disturbing and polluting the biotopes is expensive, not scalable, and thus, infeasible. This article presents a way to make sustainable measurements using a new low-cost, open-source, and autonomous monitoring system deployable in a broad network. The smart buoy is deployed and controlled by a central unit that uses lab-graded sensors to measure ambient factors. The custom electronic board offers sustainable electronics integration emphasizing power path and network connectivity. The smart buoy showed an average power consumption of 1.8 mA and a cost of 932 euros per device. Currently, five spots have been monitored, which allowed the understanding of why biological events, such as a massive fish death, occurred. The system is easily expandable and can be used in various applications to increase the knowledge of the underwater ecosystem.

Identifying core habitats and connectivity paths for the conservation of mouflon (Ovis gmelini) in Western Iran

Identifying core habitats and connectivity paths for the conservation of mouflon (Ovis gmelini) in Western Iran

Multirobot Federating Method for Disjoint Segments in Wireless Sensor Network Based on Optimal Anchor Point and Local Priority

In order to solve the connectivity problem between multiple islands in the wireless sensor network (WSN) due to large-scale damage, a multirobot WSN island alliance method based on the local priority of the optimal anchor point is proposed. This method introduces the idea of priority restoration of local connectivity in weighted networks and uses the optimal anchor point election mechanism to construct connectivity paths. Compared with existing methods, LPRMA’s local preferential recovery thinking makes WSN island alliances more adaptable. And LPRMA’s trunk deployment strategy based on optimal anchor can significantly reduce the path length and the number of trunk deployments for connected recovery. Finally, through the comparison and simulation experiments with the existing methods, the results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the efficiency of WSN island alliance while satisfying the constraints of lower network delay and higher robustness.

Obor: One Belt, One Road Initiative, China Pakistan Economic Corridor, Challenges, and Impediments

The One Belt, One Road initiative not only proposes significant potentials in multifaceted realms including economic, political, strategic, and geographical dimensions, it also presents many uncertainties and possible apprehensions for the associated countries. The initiative broadly includes five areas of regional connectivity: policy reformation, infrastructure development, trade regimes and investment. The trade and investment facilitation are one of the main areas where the developing countries like Pakistan need to focus upon. The OBOR initiative paves regional connectivity paths between Pakistan, China, Central Asian Republics. Pakistan-China friendship is an incomparable phenomenon. The two states have nothing in common in terms of history, language, ethnicity, culture, or ideology, yet their nexus is being considered as deeply rooted and time-tested which has developed into a comprehensive strategic partnership. Pakistan-China partnership sustained and remained unaffected during changes of leaders, political system in the realm of regional and international politics. Both states have developed an ideal state-to-state relationship based on complete trust. They have been steadfast friends who have supported each other throughout thick and thin. On one hand, this initiative fosters new opportunities, but on the other it also unveils challenges. With the Chinese over production, the Asian markets will thus be loaded with the Chinese products, suppressing the Pakistan markets. This paper through secondary data investigation, takes a closer look at the One Belt, One Road initiative and its impact on Pakistan

Investigating the socio-spatial relations of the built environment using the Space Syntax analysis – A case study of Tirana City

Globalization, densification, and the urban growth require the establishment of an interdisciplinary set of tools, which will allow the analysis of the morphological, spatial, social and functional qualities of the city. Space Syntax in the urban design is applied in the modelling of the human behaviour by the examination of the spatial configuration of the urban systems. Analysis of the spatial integration, connectivity and visual exposure of open spaces and paths in combination with the land use patterns indicates the areas, which facilitate the social and commercial activities. This approach is implemented on the four residential complexes of the city of Tirana. Results show the correlation between the type and location of the activities and the spatial and visual integration. The applied methodology is suitable for the preliminary comprehension of the social dimension of the urban projects at the design stage. The insights from the study are appropriate to be used as the urban planning policies in the developing countries of the Global South.

Technical Trends and Competitive Situation in Respect of Metahuman—From Product Modules and Technical Topics to Patent Data

As a form of technological integration, metahuman has a significant influence on sustainable production because of its consistent technological evolution. However, few studies have provided insights into the technical assessment of metahuman by employing patents. In this paper, patent analysis is conducted to identify technological trends and the competitive situation in respect of metahuman from a product modularity perspective. First, we identify 17 highly relevant metahuman keywords by combining a literature analysis and an expert interview method and identify 42,256 patents from the Derwent Innovation Index (DII), thus improving the accuracy and validity of the data collection process. Then, metahuman product modularity is implemented using the function-behavior-structure (FBS) model, and seven technical topics are extracted from patents via latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). Lastly, the procedure for identifying technology areas in respect of metahuman is improved by applying an optimized method to establish the connecting paths of product modules, technical topics, and patent data. The analysis results show that the development of metahuman technology can be divided into three periods. Different patent priority countries have distinctive competitive advantages and characteristics at the product module level. The findings of this study are intended to aid R&D enterprises and the government in formulating sustainable decision-making and promoting the development of the metahuman industry.

Fracture connectivity and flow path tortuosity elucidated from advective transport to a pumping well in complex 3D networks

Conservative, non-sorbing particle arrivals to a pumping well are used to provide high-resolution data to explore network connectivity and flow path tortuosity as a function of scale for a series of complex 3D discrete fracture networks (DFNs). The DFNs are stochastically generated using orientations ranging from random to three orthogonal planes, power-law distributions of length, and a broad range of density ranging from sparse to moderately dense networks. The internal architecture of the DFNs is intensively sampled by distributing conservative particles evenly over all fractures within a large spherical release volume. A non-directional framework featuring a radially convergent flow field, established by applying a weak sink in the center of the model domain and assigning equal-value constant head boundaries to all sides of the model domain, is used to minimize directional dependence on network connectivity. Results indicate particle velocity is significantly influenced by fracture set orientation in the degree to which fracture sets promote fracture connectivity, and that broad distributions of ensemble velocity can arise from networks with constant fracture transmissivity where slower velocities are characteristic of particle placement into fracture elements less connected to the sink, and vice versa. Inverse particle velocity is strongly power-law for all networks tested and indicates persistent and diverse retention characteristics. The degree of retention decreases in the transition from poorly- to well-connected networks and with increasing distance of particle release due to the availability of more fracture pathways with stronger connection to the sink. Tortuosity is exponentially distributed for all networks tested with median values that stabilize over a distance approximately 10 times the minimum fracture length, and is most sensitive to fracture length, followed by orientation and density.

Evaluation and Optimization of Hydrological Connectivity Based on Graph Theory: A Case Study in Dongliao River Basin, China

Hydrological connectivity affects the material cycling and energy transfer of ecosystems and is an important indicator for assessing the function of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, clarification of hydrologic connectivity and its optimization methods is essential for basin water resources management and other problems; however, most of the current research is focused on intermittently flooded areas, especially in terms of optimization, and on hydrological regulation within mature water structures, while research on hydrological connectivity in dry, low rainfall plain areas remains scarce. Based on the graph and binary water cycle theories, this study assessed and hierarchically optimized the structural hydrological connectivity of the Dongliao River Basin (DRB), integrating artificial and natural connectivity, and explored the hydrological connectivity optimization method in the arid plain region at the basin scale to increase connectivity pathways. The spatial analysis and evaluation of hydrological connectivity was also carried out based on the results of the hierarchical optimization, and provided three scenarios for the construction of hydrological connectivity projects in the basin. The hierarchical optimization yielded a total of 230 new water connectivity paths, and the overall hydrological connectivity increased from 5.07 to 7.64. Our results suggest a large spatial correlation in hydrological flow obstruction in the DRB. The center of gravity of circulation obstruction shifted to the south after optimization for different levels of connectivity. With the increase in the optimization level of hydrological connectivity, the national Moran index rose and then fell. The magnitude of the increase in hydrological connectivity effects varied at different optimization levels, and there were sudden points’ increase points. From an application point of view, Scenario 1 is necessary and the most cost effective is Scenario 2, which provides a scientific basis for guiding the construction of future ecological projects in the DRB.

Cross-Layer MAC/Routing Protocol for Reliability Improvement of the Internet of Things

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is recognized as one of the most successful for short-range low-rate wireless communications and is used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To improve the performance of wireless networks, interest in protocols that rely on interaction between different layers has increased. Cross-layer design has become an issue in wireless communication systems as it can improve the capacity of wireless networks by optimizing cooperation between multiple layers that constitute network systems. Power efficiency and network scalability must be addressed to spread IoT. In multi-hop networks, many devices share wireless media and are geographically distributed; consequently, efficient medium access control (MAC) and routing protocols are required to mitigate interference and improve reliability. Cross-layer design is a novel network design approach to support flexible layer techniques in IoT. We propose a cross-layer protocol for the MAC layer and routing layer to satisfy the requirements of various networks. The proposed scheme enables scalable and reliable mesh networking using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and provides robust connectivity and efficient path discovery procedures. It also proposes a novel address-allocation technique to improve address-allocation methods that cannot support large sensor networks. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme could improve reliability and reduce end-to-end delay.

Switch Matrix System for Automatic Test Path Finding Algorithm

This paper introduces a switch matrix system that uses a configurable switch matrix to realize test channel switching. Through this configurable switch matrix system, N channels to be tested can be connected to N channels to be tested according to user requirements. Since the design of each node of the switch matrix is similar, it is convenient to expand and reduce horizontally and vertically according to the requirements. Switch Matrix adopts a double-layer design, which can obtain the optimal connection path between the tested channel and the tested channel with a path search algorithm.