Patani Malay Research Articles

Use of mixed Indonesian-Patani language codes in oral form by Patani (South of Thailand) pupils in Medan City

This research examines code mixing among Patani students in Medan City. The study aims to describe, analyze, interpret, and conclude data on the use of Indonesian-Patani code mixing in oral form by Patani students from southern Thailand in Medan City, focusing on the lexicon form of code mixing. This research aims to investigate code mixing in the interactions of Patani students in the city of Medan. The data was collected using recording and note-taking techniques. The transcribed data was classified, analyzed, and interpreted to draw conclusions. Data analysis results indicate that Patani students in Medan City code-mix verbs, adjectives, nouns, pronouns, numerals, adverbs, and task words. In the research, the causes of code-mixing are divided into four categories: (i) a continued focus on the mother tongue, especially Patani Malay, (ii) difficulty in interacting with an environment that uses both Indonesian and regional languages, (iii) a lack of understanding of Indonesian, resulting in incorrect pronunciation, and (iv) difficulty in understanding new Indonesian vocabulary, resulting in the combination of familiar languages.

MINORITAS MUSLIM MELAYU PATANI: PERJUANGAN HAK DAN IDENTITAS DI THAILAND

Thailand is a country that has a variety of unique characteristics, both in terms of its strategic territorial location and in terms of the various ethnicities of its people. The method that the researcher used in this study was a qualitative descriptive method by conducting a library research, then the researcher also used two historical approaches such as the Social Sciences approach and the Anthropology Approach. This is related to the discussion that the researchers discussed, namely describing a condition or circumstances of society. The aim of this study is to explain the condition of Muslims in Thailand who have the status of a religious minority, especially in the Patani region, as a religious minority, do Patani Malay Muslims get the same rights as religions with majority status such as Buddhism. Then the results of this research state that the condition of Muslims in Thailand, especially the Malay region of Patani, can be marked by the fact that they are left behind in various aspects of life such as politics, economics, education and religion and in the end this situation is what gives rise to protests from Muslims. Malay Patani which resulted in prolonged conflict.

COMPARISON OF THE STRUCTURE OF WORDS IN PATANI MALAY AND THAI

This study investigates the structure of words in Patani Malay and Thai to determine the similarities and differences in the marker of the two languages through contrastive analysis studies. The data used in this study are collected from Patani Malay speakers who can speak the Patani Malay language well. They can remember most Patani Malay vocabulary and communicate with others on various topics. They can also tell stories or explain something with their language and still use their language in daily life. The informants are students, teachers, merchants, fishermen, farmers, and retirement people. This study indicates that the structure of words in Patani Malay and Thai languages has similarities and differences in rules. The equation includes the addition of affixes, compounding, and reduplication. The differences in the rule of the word in Patani Malay and Thai include the position of affixation, reduplication of the root and assigning an ‘emphatic high tone’, and semantic reduplication.

A Comparison of Reduplication Between Patani Malay (Southern Thailand) and Indonesian

This research is entitled "Comparison of Indonesian Language Reduplication and Patani Malay (South Thailand)". The research problem is whether there are similarities and differences in the form of reduplication of Indonesian and Patani Malay words. The collected data will be described, analyzed and interpreted in detail in order to obtain a correct picture of the similarities and differences between Indonesian and Patani Malay reduplications. The research method used is descriptive method which is used to record and describe the reduplication of Indonesian words with Patani Malay. If language data is used without comparison with previous data and this method is used to check reduplication at a glance, then it is refined by selecting and grouping according to the form of reduplication used as a reference in comparison. The conclusion in this study is that in the form of reduplication, Indonesian and Patani Malay have similarities and differences, the differences come from phonemics and pronunciation. The similarities and differences of each form are: 1. Basic reword 2. Reword based on meaning and takes the form 3. Rewords are based on phoneme forms.

Idiolek Penggunaan Bahasa Melayu Patani Selatan ke Bahasa Indonesia

This study aims to describe how the forms of idiolects used by Thai students in communicating and analyze how the idiolect forms of Thai Patani Malay language against Indonesian. This study uses a qualitative description method. The object of this study is the idiolect used by Thai students using spoken techniques (interviews). Data obtained by using the method of observing, recording and noting. The results of the research conducted, the two students verbally communicated quite well. In understanding, what they convey can be understood. However, from a linguistic point of view, especially in the field of phonology, there are still mistakes that must be corrected, especially Hamdi Bin Ismail. Their pronunciation in speaking using Indonesian is still experiencing difficulties, so there are frequent pronunciation errors. The mistake that is often made is removing the final phoneme and changing the phoneme /a/ to phonemes /o/ and /e/. Occasionally they also omit the phoneme /r/, because they have difficulty pronouncing the phoneme /r/ clearly. Mistakes that occur, due to a lack of mastery of using the Indonesian language, as well as a lack of confidence, and not wanting to socialize with Indonesian people, both friends on campus and the community around where they live.

Kata Bersinonim dan Berhomonim dalam Bahasa Melayu Patani dan Bahasa Indonesia pada Interaksi Mahasiswa IAIN Tulungagung

This article aims to describe anonymous word forms; homonyms, comparisons of forms, meanings of synonymous words, and homonyms in Patani Malay and Indonesian in the conversations of Indonesian Tadris students from the 2018 class of IAIN Tulungagung, and its implications for communication and student relations IAIN Tulungagung. This research is descriptive qualitative research with a comparative linguistic approach. Data were collected by participating in observation and interview techniques. Observations to determine the real interaction between Thai students and Indonesian students on campus. Meanwhile, interviews were conducted to find out the meaning of synonymous and homonymous words in Patani Malay and Indonesian in the interaction between Thai students and Indonesian students at IAIN Tulungagung. The results of data analysis found that (1) Synonymous words in Patani Malay and Indonesian have basic meanings and additional meanings that differ in emotive meaning, the prevalence of use, and distribution; (2) Homonymous words have several forms of homonymous word classes, namely homonymous words that are homographs and homonyms that are homophones; (3) Synonymous and homonymous words in Patani Malay and Indonesian in the interaction of Thai students and Indonesian students at IAIN Tulungagung have implications for (a) misunderstandings often occur between Patani students and Indonesian students, (b) Information is often not conveyed because there are many dictions or words that have far different meanings, (c) When in class, Patani students often miss material because it is difficult to understand discussions in class that continue to use Indonesian

Multilingualism, Bi/Multilingual Education and Social Inclusion: A Case Study in Southern Thailand

Abstract In a multicultural-multilingual society, inclusion requires equitable access to quality education as stated – UN Sustainable Development Goals, target 4 (sdg4). In the deep south of Thailand, the majority Muslim population speak Patani Malay in daily life, making language identity an issue as it is not recognized for official use. Students are required to study in Thai and as a result have the lowest academic achievement in the country. Furthermore, parents and the community have no confidence in government schools and some even fear that education is being used to destroy their ethnic identity. This paper presents a participatory action research, a Patani Malay-Thai mother tongue-based bi/multilingual education programme, implemented in Thailand’s Deep South as a case study of academic efforts to create social inclusion. Policies and practices will be discussed and related to the reinforcement of ethnic identity, enhancing educational achievement and tightening social cohesion.

The Borrowing Processes of Thai Language in Patani Malay Dialect in Thailand

This study concerns with the processes borrowing Thai language (TL) words in Patani Malay Dialect (PMD) from the perspective of Sociolinguistics. The main objective of this study is to see how the processes happen from TL to PMD. The research data for TL loanwords in PMD are obtained from written and spoken language while the data from TL itself are obtained from written materials. Attention towards the processes of TL loanwords in PMD is in regard with the study about similarities between TL and Malay language (ML) through two important processes; importation and substitution. Indirectly this study also touched on the influence of TL which has an important role to the lexical elements of PMD. In addition to the elaboration of the borrowing process, an analysis was also carried out on the process of changing TL loanwords in PMD in terms of phonology involving vocal and consonant changes using descriptive approaches. Finally, the findings showed that apart from direct borrowing from TL, PMD also adapts the loanwords according to the existing system in PMD. Even from the borrowing elements themselves, it is found that there are words considered to come from the same family while some are borrowed from other languages.

Consonant Changes in Words Borrowed From Sanskrit to Thai and Patani Malay

Southeast Asia was under Indian influence for more than a thousand years so that the traces of Indian civilization can be determined from a lot of evidence. The entry of Indian civilization in this region has shown that Sanskrit has merged with Thai, the national language of Thailand, and Patani Malay, the mother tongue language of Thai Malays who live in the deep south of Thailand. Borrowing is a process of language contact and language change that can happen in all languages and is not limited to borrow in the same language family or the same type of language. All of them belong to different family trees. Sanskrit is a member of the Indo-European language family, whereas the Thai language is accepted to Tai-Kadai and Patani Malay belongs to the Austronesian language family. This study aims to study consonant changes of shared Sanskrit loanwords in Thai and Patani Malay. This research employed qualitative methodology. Data were collected from documentaries. The findings showed that changes in consonant phonemes occurred in both languages according to phonological adaptations such as deletion, insertion, voicing, devoicing, and substitution.

CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES IN POETRY COLLECTION DILEMA MELAYU PATANI CREATION PHAOSAN JEHWAE

This study aims to describe the values ​​of character education in the poem Phaosan Jehwae's Malay Patani Dilemma. The main approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The data of this research are the expressions in the Patani Malay Dilemma poetry which have character education values. The data source of this research is Phaosan Jehwae's Malay Patani Dilemma poetry. The data of this research were collected by means of documentation, observation, and note-taking techniques. This research data analysis using referential matching method. The results of this study indicate that there are eight values ​​of character education in the poems of Patani's Malay Dilemma by Phaosan Jehwae. The eight values ​​of character education include: (1) the character of love for the country, (2) religious character, (3) the character of hard work, (4) the character of optimism, (5) the character of being friendly or communicative, (6) the character of justice, (7) the character of language politeness, and (8) the character of wisdom. This shows that these poems are good for learning materials. This research is useful as a medium for character building students in high school.

Islam and the BRN’s armed separatist movement in Southern Thailand

ABSTRACT This article examines the roles of religion in the contemporary separatist movement in southern Thailand, whose violent campaigns have dramatically surged since 2004. It locates Islam in the region’s own political and historical context rather than viewing it as an expression of transnational terrorism or casting Islam as of secondary importance in what is seen as primarily an ethno-nationalist struggle, as some scholars have done. I argue that Islam served as a powerful motivational frame that drove thousands of Malay Muslims to take part in the violent struggle led by the Patani Malay National Revolutionary Front (BRN), as a sacred justification for their violent actions and as a blueprint of a new socio-political order. The conflict was elevated into a cosmological battle and the fighters’ actions were fundamentally framed within Islamic theology. Islamic law was employed as a primary reference for the justification and regulation of violent attacks. This article also demonstrates that Islam is part of the BRN’s political agenda and fighters have turned their perceived Islamic beliefs and norms into military actions. However, its ideological orientation is at variance with that of the transnational jihadists. This article offers a more nuanced approach to understanding the religious dimensions of this conflict.

DINAMIKA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI THAILAND PADA ABAD 19-20

Thailand has two different parts of the region ranging from ethnics, culture, national and religion. However, due to religious differences, the trade route, which was a more profitable trading route in Southern Thailand, inhabited by Malay Patani, made the Siamese Kingdom want the area. The desires of the Siamese Kingdom were successful. So Patani Malay became part of the Thai Kingdom and its government system followed the policies adopted by the Thais, including in terms of Islamic education in Patani. Since then, conflicts began to occur as the policies adopted by the Thais were considered unsuitable for the Patani Malay in many various ways including forming an Islamic organization. As a result, the Patani could become independent without being under Thai auspices. However, these efforts and strategies have also not been successful, but only to negotiate so that conflicts can continue to be overcome both through cooperation with other Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Europe countries.

Taste Terms in the Patani Malay Ethnic Group

This paper reveals the concepts of taste in the Patani Malay ethnic group. Forty-five Patani Malays living in Pattani province, Yala province, and Narathiwat province participated in this study. The analysis uses the framework of componential analysis in ethnosemantics. The results show that there are ten basic taste terms in the Patani Malay dialect: /masɛ/ ‘sour’, /maseŋ/ ‘salty’, /manih/ ‘sweet’, /paheɁ/ ‘bitter’, /lɨcah/ ‘a little bit spicy and causing tongue pain’, /lɨta/ ‘unpleasant taste, sticking on the tongue and causing tongue numbness’, /khɨlaɁ/ ‘astringent’, /pɨdah/ ‘spicy’, /lɨmɔɁ/ ‘nutty’ and / tawa/ ‘bland’. All of them are distinguished by eight dimensions: taste buds, tongue side, tongue tip, acidity, tongue body, pain, tongue numbness, and nuttiness. Besides using each taste term individually to describe tastes of food, Patani Malays also use them repeatedly, combine each taste term together, and combine them with modifiers. From these ten basic taste terms, there are two taste terms that concern pain in the mouth and on the tongue. These are /lɨcah/ ‘a little bit spicy and causing tongue pain’ and /pɨdah/ ‘spicy’. This reflects the preference for spicy flavours in the Patani Malay ethnic group. It may be due to the influence of using spices and chili in cooking adopted from foreign countries since ancient times. It may also be due to the geographical characteristics of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat provinces, which are located along the coast. People, therefore, prefer eating spicy food to keep their body warm and prevent illness.

Patani Malay & Southern Thai Speakers’ Language Learning Strategies in Acquiring English Collocations

This study aims to investigate (i) the Patani Malay (PM) and Southern Thai (ST) learners’ knowledge of English collocations, (ii) the learning strategies employed by the two groups with different levels of English proficiency and (iii) the impact of their learning strategies on their test performance. Thirty-nine student participants from each group participated in the study. All were English major students in the international program at Fatoni University in Patani, Thailand. Four types of research instruments were used to collect data: World English language placement test, collocation test, the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning or SILL questionnaire of language learning strategies (Oxford, 1990) and individual interviews with 12 informants. The analysis is based on both quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings show no significant difference for both groups in the use of learning strategies. Both groups show a preference for metacognitive learning strategies in the acquisition of English collocations. Despite there being no significant difference between the two groups in terms of learning strategies, the overall collocation test results show ST learners performing better than their PM counterparts. And although results from the SILL indicate that learning strategies may not play a significant role in the participants’ acquisition of English collocation, this indication is not reflected in subsequent findings from the interview data and a sociocultural analysis of the context under study.

Zakat for the Orphans in the Deep South of Thailand

In the past nine years ,the violence situation has spiked in the Deep South Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat provinces see Figure 1 and parts Songkla province Nathawi, Sabayoi, Chana, and Thepa districts see Figure 1 . The population of Narathiwat, Pattani and Yala provinces is approximately 1.8 million, of whom about 80 per cent are Malay Muslims. Many speak the Patani Malay dialect, known in Thai as Yawi.

Attitudes towards Thai, Patani Malay, and English of Thai Undergraduates: A Case Study at Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus, Thailand

The paper will shed light on the multilingual phenomena of Thai undergraduates from the southernmost provinces where multilingualism is particularly vital. This paper focuses on attitudes towards the Thai, Patani Malay, and English languages of Thai undergraduates, exploring their reasons behind their attitudes. Data was collected by interviewing 30 undergraduates from Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus, Thailand. A qualitative approach was used for data analysis. The results revealed the positive attitudes towards the three languages by most students, though their underlying reasons varied.

Cultural and Language Identity of the Thesaban Takbai Malay Ethnic, Southern Thailand: A Phenomenological Analysis

The constructions of ethnic minority group identity are often overshadowed by the majority group. The main objective of this study is to understand the nature of language and cultural identity desired by the ethnic minority group. This study used the phenomenological research paradigm that focuses on understanding the Malay ethnic group of Southern Thailand in Thesaban Takbai, Narathiwat in respect of the formation of ethnic identity base on their world-view. The unit of analysis in this study consists of ten Malay ethnic individuals of Southern Thailand living in Thesaban Takbai, Narathiwat, Thailand. Ten informants consisting of five men and five women with the age ranging from 20 to 60 years old were selected based on the type of occupations and level of education to be interviewed in-depth in this study. The sample was selected using the non-probability sampling that is the purposive and snowball sampling. The findings show that the Malay ethnic of Thesaban Takbai in Southern Thailand still desire to maintain the Patani Malay culture in terms of clothing and name. The informants’ views towards the language identity show that they are very tolerant of the position of Thai Language as the National Language. The implications of this study is that the Thai government should take into consideration the interests of the minority groups and not to practice the integration policy in the form of top-down administrative through the assimilation approach that is considered as discriminating to the minority groups. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p11

Does hearing several speakers reduce foreign word learning?

Learning spoken word forms is a vital part of second language learning, and CALL lends itself well to this training. Not enough is known, however, about how auditory variation across speech tokens may affect receptive word learning. To find out, 144 Thai university students with no knowledge of the Patani Malay language learned 24 foreign words in a CALL program for receptive vocabulary learning. Word meanings were presented in line drawings, and their spoken forms presented by either one or three Patani Malay speakers. Several other variables were included for control. Logistic regressions with and without adjustment by other factors suggested learners recognized somewhat fewer word meanings when trained with three Patani Malay speakers, especially under varied image conditions. This finding implies fragile initial auditory representations, and limited processing resources. The application of current results and their interpretation to CALL may be to limit sources of variation that would otherwise direct attention away from word forms.

The Islamic Independence Movements in Patani of Thailand and Mindanao of the Philippines

In recent years the apparent success of the Mindanao Moros in the Philippines and the failure of the Patani Malay Muslims in Thailand raises an important question: what has led to the success of the Moros and the failure of the Malay Muslims? In the late 1960s, Samuel Huntington stated that a revolution or a violent separatist movement occurs in a political system that is incapable of accommodating the democratic participation of the separatist group.1 According to some scholars, however, a separatist movement may rise up due to relative deprivation, the determination of an ethnic group to retain control of their own culture, language, and territory, manipulation of ethnic sentiment by ethnic minority elites for promoting their own career and status, or a combination of factors.2 Whatever the historical, political, or social circumstances of a separatist movement, Huntington argues that in order to be successful it must be led by a political organization headed by strong leaders able to mobilize both internal and external supports. A competing view is offered by Ted Gurr. In a recent study, he argued that the success of a separatist movement depends on four factors: (i)