Passive Participants Research Articles

Između pevanja i umiranja - pozicija muzike u narativnim strategijama teatarskog dela "Paklena komedija - ispovesti serijskog ubice"

Moving in the "in-between" spaces, both regarding genre and content, director and playwright Michael Sturminger, in collaboration with conductor Martin Hasselböck and actor John Malkovich, wrote an intriguing work of art called "The Infernal Comedy: Confessions of a Serial Killer". This piece, premiered in 2009, is a monodrama with musical numbers taken from already existing operas, which are recontextualized and become an integral part of the play, acquiring different dramatic functions during the performance. Female vocal soloists (two sopranos) are present on stage as musical performers, but also as actors - in fact, they constantly move in spaces between reality and fiction. In this sense they have a very specific position within what can be described as an artistic game of meanings and divergent plans, i.e. registers of speech. In this paper we will analyze precisely these diverse dimensions of the text, as well as the position and role of music in the drama; the relationship between the narrative planes of the arias and the dramatic text, as well as the dramatic treatment of female vocal soloists, who are, depending on the context, either subjects or objects, passive or active participants in the action, occupying different places within the narrative structure.

Determinants of political participation in Thailand: An analysis of survey data (2002–2014)

AbstractThis article aims to explain changes in the patterns of political participation in Thailand between 2002 and 2014. Relying on four waves of survey data taken from the Asian Barometer (2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014), it proposes an analytical framework composed of several factors that include not only socioeconomic status (SES) but also various psychological, attitudinal, and mobilization factors to test and seek for factors that affect a likelihood of being a passive or active political participant. This article shows that apart from some SES, there are various factors, such as political interest and self‐efficacy, party attachment, and group membership that affected the participatory actions of Thai citizens during this period. Moreover, because group membership is only one factor having a significant impact on political participation for all the four waves of survey data, this article found that political participation of Thai citizens is largely a result of their learning and experiences obtained from the interaction within their respective groups.

Applying Sharing Session in Encouraging and Motivating Students in Language Learning Class

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of sharing sessions in encouraging and motivating students in the language learning class. Not all of the students are active in the class, some students are passive in the class because of some factors. When the teacher asks the question, students preferably keep silent in the class. They are becoming passive participants in the class because they do not know the topic and feel unconfident to speak in front of others. They are becoming afraid to speak because they do not feel comfortable in the class situation and condition. They do not have good socialization in the class like they do not respond well and give feedback in the class. For this problem, this paper attempts to analyze how to apply the sharing session steps in language learning class and what are the benefits of applying them. The teacher can give motivation like intrinsic or extrinsic motivation in a sharing session class which also can encourage students in language learning class. This paper applies qualitative research analysis and also a descriptive method to describe the finding. Two steps can be used to apply sharing sessions in encouraging and motivating students in the language learning class. The first step is to choose the learning materials that are appropriate for the learners, and the second step is to create good classroom management. This paper finally underlines that the use of applied learning materials that are appropriate with the learners and create good classroom management can improve students’ confidence, and it makes them be the independent learners in the classroom.

Use of ICT Tools in Professional Training of Future Primary School Teachers in Studying the Ukrainian Language by Professional Orientation

The article considers ICT tools used in the educational process of training future primary school teachers at the Ferenc Rakoczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute and Mukachevo State University in teaching the disciplines «Ukrainian language for professional purposes». The purpose of the article is to consider the benefits of using ICT in the educational process and give examples of their use for the training of future primary school teachers. Methods. In the process of experimental work the following research methods were used: theoretical: analysis, comparison, systematization, generalization; empirical: observations, surveys. The results. Means and forms of computer use in classes are defined as following: use of media resources as a source of information; computer support of the teacher's activity at different stages of the lesson; organization of students' project activities. The advantages of using ICT are highlighted, namely: individualization of education; intensification of students' self-study work; increasing the volume of tasks performed in the classroom, expanding information flows when using the Internet; increase of motivation and cognitive activity due to the variety of forms of work, the possibility of including the game moment. Emphasis is placed on using the LearningApps.org program, which is designed to support learning and teaching through small public interactive exercises. Using the Learning Apps interactive task designer, a number of tasks that are used in Ukrainian language classes for professional purposes have been developed. The authors noted that both teachers and students can create interactive modules based on ready-made templates. The application for creating educational projects Kahoot is considered. With its help you can create a test, survey, educational game or arrange a marathon of knowledge. The application works both in the desktop version and on smartphones. It is proposed to use different types of Kahoot. The classic version of Kahoot (Classic Kahoot) is a quiz-competition between individual students of the group. Team Kahoot is a team game (the group is divided into several teams, and each team gives their answers after discussing them). Blind Kahoot allows us to submit new material in an unusual way, this forces students not to be passive participants in the process. Connected Kahoot is a game mode where groups from different educational institutions participate. Ghost Kahoot allows students to once again take part in the same quiz and compete with themselves. The next Learner to Leaders Kahoot mode is an option for the most gifted and active students who want to demonstrate their knowledge and skills. Research activities on this topic were carried out through the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and the results of research on the training of future primary school teachers. Conclusions. The use of ICT in the educational process of future primary school teachers contributes to the development of motivation and interest of students to study the discipline «Ukrainian language for professional purposes».

Development communication for youth empowerment in Indonesia’s renewable energy projects

ABSTRACT This study examines the use of development communication for youth empowerment in renewable energy projects in Indonesia. During development, youths can be agents of social change and drivers of development. However, their participation is never free from the power dynamics of development actors, i.e. between the government and rural communities, or between youths and elders. Using an appreciative inquiry technique involving community groups in two hamlets in Kulon Progo regency, Indonesia, this study finds that communication development is oriented primarily towards finalising infrastructure development, and fails to consider active participation. Meanwhile, although youth groups hope to be involved in designing and furthering the usage of renewable energy, they feel that their elders are hesitant to involve them in said projects; trust and power distance issues reduce them to passive participants. This study suggests that development communication in rural communities should be planned carefully, and that local values should be incorporated into the process. Although development communication may not result in youth empowerment, it may nonetheless shed light on power gaps and trust issues in youth-elder interactions.

Local Wisdom Ulur-Ulur Tlaga Buret Ceremony in Tulungagung

The aims of the research were to describe the Ulur-ulur traditional ceremony, the procession, and the values of local wisdom in it. The research applied a qualitative study using a snowball sampling method with passive participant observation techniques and interviews. The researchers conducted in-depth interviews with note-taking and one-on-one interview techniques, namely by asking questions to the informants one by one and then recording the answers from the informants. The data validated by the source triangulation method were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman research method which included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research result shows that (1) the Ulur-ulur ceremony is one of the rituals that manifests the residents’ gratitude for the abundant water sources for the residents’ rice fields. (2) Ulur-ulur traditional ceremony procession consists of the preparation stage, jodhang procession, jamasan of Dewi Sri and Jaka Sedana statues, prayers and kajat, sowing flowers, and closes with a typical art performance of Tulungagung regency. (3) The practice of Ulur-ulur traditional ceremony has local wisdom values: religious, social, educational, historical, and economic values.

Konceptualizacja nadziei w metaforach pojęciowych w wypowiedziach pacjentów chorych na nowotwór złośliwy na tle wypowiedzi osób zdrowych

Conceptualization of Hope in Conceptual Metaphors in the Statements of Patients with Malignant Tumor and Healthy People The article presents the results of analyses of language structures obtained from blog texts, divided into two parts: research group and control group. The analyses aimed at checking which metaphors are used to conceptualize hope among people with cancer and healthy people, and to identify differences in the conceptualization of this feeling. The difference is in the attitude of the conceptualising people: patients describe themselves more often as passive participants in events, and they usually borrow hope from others, while healthy people are more active. The issue of the influence of individual contextual factors on the formation of metaphors is also very interesting.

The Effect of long-term awareness on active and passive tobacco smokers

Tobacco addiction is a major public health problem. Numerous scientific studies have been conducted on the harms of tobacco products. However, the number of intervention studies investigating the effect of long-term awareness of the harm of tobacco products on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and Respiratory Function Test (RFT) are limited. Our goal is to investigate the impact of long-term scientific awareness on these parameters. The study was designed an intervention study on active and passive smoking participants and their control groups. Control groups were not given any training on the harms of tobacco products. When comparing the first and last weeks in active smoker intervention group (ASIG), the difference between FTND, FEV1, CO, and COHb parameters was observed to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The highest decrease in ASIG was in CO (↓60%) parameter and the highest increase was in the FEV1(↑%10) parameter. There was a significant difference both FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC (p<0.05) and CO parameters of passive smokers intervention group (PSIG). The highest decrease in PSIG was in the CO parameter (↓%65.8) and the highest increase was in the FVC (↑%10) parameter. Awareness programs may reduce the severity of addiction in active smokers and may help protect passive smokers. As awareness increases, positive changes in some vital parameters may be possible. Up-to-date programs and policies are needed to make easy and sustainable awareness of both active and passive smoking.

Demand-Driven Data Acquisition for Large Scale Fleets.

Automakers manage vast fleets of connected vehicles and face an ever-increasing demand for their sensor readings. This demand originates from many stakeholders, each potentially requiring different sensors from different vehicles. Currently, this demand remains largely unfulfilled due to a lack of systems that can handle such diverse demands efficiently. Vehicles are usually passive participants in data acquisition, each continuously reading and transmitting the same static set of sensors. However, in a multi-tenant setup with diverse data demands, each vehicle potentially needs to provide different data instead. We present a system that performs such vehicle-specific minimization of data acquisition by mapping individual data demands to individual vehicles. We collect personal data only after prior consent and fulfill the requirements of the GDPR. Non-personal data can be collected by directly addressing individual vehicles. The system consists of a software component natively integrated with a major automaker’s vehicle platform and a cloud platform brokering access to acquired data. Sensor readings are either provided via near real-time streaming or as recorded trip files that provide specific consistency guarantees. A performance evaluation with over 200,000 simulated vehicles has shown that our system can increase server capacity on-demand and process streaming data within 269 ms on average during peak load. The resulting architecture can be used by other automakers or operators of large sensor networks. Native vehicle integration is not mandatory; the architecture can also be used with retrofitted hardware such as OBD readers.

The submissive silence of others: Examining definitions of shared decision making

ObjectiveOur aim was to use critical discourse analysis (CDA) to examine the most widely cited definitions of shared decision making so that we can evaluate how language is used to position participants. Based on our conceptual understanding, we presumed that shared decision making involves acts of communication where processes are collaborative. MethodsWe used a CDA lens to closely examine the phrases, semantics, syntax, implied functions, and the social actions proposed in SDM definition texts. We conducted a systematic search guided by the PRISMA guidelines, to identify the most widely cited definitions of SDM. ResultsA total of 72 studies met our inclusion criteria. While SDM is not consistently defined, it was striking to find that clinicians are constructed as active whereas patients were viewed to be passive participants. The definitions construct SDM to be a gift that the clinician has the power to offer, and the relationship in the definitions appears asymmetric, in which only one party seems to speak. ConclusionsThe SDM definitions examined convey a process characterized by a clinician who speaks, while a patient mostly listens, and is invited to contribute. An alternative definition might be constructed through references to joint activity via sentences in active voice. Practice implicationsClinicians may be influenced by definitions of SDM that reinforce the positionality of active speaker versus passive recipient. Clearer definitions that address the constructs of power and roles may help support the implementation of SDM.

Suffixal Adjectives and Adjectival Participles in the Slang of Lithuanian Language

The article analyses 199 suffixal hybrid adjectives and 34 adjectival participles from the Lithuanian slang and non-standard dictionary. The study reveals that borrows with affixal adaptation are adapted to the language system and the adaptive features are determined by regularities: hybrids replicate word formation models from the Standard Lithuanian language. It was found that the most common suffix of affixal adaptation of borrowings from English is suffix -inis. Distribution of hybrids with suffix -iškas is different: there are almost twice less English originated hybrid adjectives with this suffix than originated from Russian language. Adjectival passive participants are most commonly used in the Lithuanian slang.

Global Development of International Tourism and Impact on the Economy of Ukraine

The article highlights the geopolitical aspects of the international tourism development in Ukraine as a global phenomenon that carries out economic, social and international and political action. In today's world, tourism has become a powerful industry, a huge complex in which the economic and social spheres are connected. The importance of tourism in international economic activity is constantly growing, and the market itself is acquiring new trends and features, affecting trade, transport and communications, agriculture and construction. The processes of globalization in the tourism market are characterized by changes in technology, modernization of transport infrastructure, internationalization of business activity and the creation of a regulatory mechanism. The potential of world tourist flows as factors of geopolitical influence is revealed, the structure of which reflects and influences the tendencies of international interaction. The main geopolitical factors influencing the dynamics and spatial organization of international tourist flows are structured. The world market of tourist services has a clear segmentation character. The main criteria for segmentation are motivational, age and regional ones. The general tendencies of development of the international tourism, a role and a place of Ukraine in the international tourist market are characterized. It is predicted that China will become the most popular tourist country in the near future. It is determined that due to the growth of intercontinental ties, which is based on the rapid development of vehicles and, above all, jet aircraft, as well as the desire of a significant number of people to visit the most remote and exotic corners of the Earth, tourism exchange between regions will develop more intensively than within regions. However, there is a growing tendency to increase the exchange of tourists between neighboring countries under conditions of normal relations between them and between countries with related languages. The main world events that have affected tourist flows in recent years are listed: Brexit, COVID-19, military actions in Eastern Ukraine and others. The analysis of international tourist flows in Ukraine was done, in particular their dynamics and spatial structure during 2010-2019 in the context of military-political aggression by Russia and the aggravation of Ukrainian-Russian interstate relations. It is established that the current dynamics of the international tourist flow in Ukraine is characterized by a sharp decrease in international visitors, slowing down the development of tourism and reformatting the spatial structure of the incoming and outgoing tourist flow. It is also noted that among the main factors hindering the development of the Ukrainian tourism industry are the unsatisfactory state of development of infrastructure and logistics of tourism, high prices, environmental and criminal risks, low innovation activity of tourism enterprises. It is concluded that international tourism is not only a passive participant in international relations, but also an active political actor who is able to act as a channel for establishing international trust and cooperation, a factor in maintaining political stability.

Family Matters

History has so far paid scant attention to Muslims in the earliest phase of colonizing the Americas. As a general policy, the Spanish Crown prohibited all non-Catholics from going to early Spanish America. Nevertheless, historians recognize that a few Muslims managed to secretly cross the Atlantic Ocean with the European settlers during the sixteenth century. Later they imported African Muslim slaves but historians considered both Africans and indigenous peoples passive participants in forming Latin American society until evidence refuted these erroneous views. Furthermore, the public had assumed that only single Spanish men went to the American unknown until historians challenged this view, and now women’s role is fully recognized in the colonizing enterprise. Additionally, despite the ban on non-Catholics, researchers found many Jews in the Americas, even if the Spanish Inquisition found out and killed almost all of them. In line with revisionist history, my research pioneers in three aspects. It demonstrates that Muslim men and women went to early Spanish America. Also, the Spanish Crown allowed Muslims to legally go to its American colonies. Additionally, the documents substantiate my new findings that Muslims went to sixteenth-century Latin America as complete families. They mostly proceeded out of Spain as the wards or servant-slaves of Spanish settlers after superficially converting to Catholicism. The present study follows two case studies that record Muslim families in early sixteenth-century Spanish America. Paradoxically, their very persecutor—the Spanish Church and its terrible Inquisitorial arm—established their contested belief in Islam.

Conditions for the Active Involvement of Teachers in a Design-Based Research Project

Design-based research (DBR) develops solutions in combination with research and has gained increasing popularity in educational research. This research approach involves close collaboration between researchers and practitioners. Many studies show that teachers are often passive participants in DBR projects, where their role becomes implementing researchers’ ideas. This paper reports on a case where teachers became, instead, a driving force in a DBR project and investigates the conditions for this to happen. Data were collected by means of group interviews with the eight pilot teachers in the KreTek project, which was undertaken as a collaboration between a university and a municipality in Norway. The authors’ own experiences as participants in the project also form part of the empirical basis for the study. The conditions for active involvement identified here are 1. A shared and relevant challenge; 2. An open entrance to the project; 3. An allocated time and meeting space; and 4. Responsibility and autonomy. The results are discussed in light of perspectives on teacher professionalism, theories on self-determination and previous research on teachers’ roles in collaboration between researchers and teachers. It is concluded that by fulfilling the identified conditions for active involvement of teachers with an emphasis on trust, responsibility and autonomy, teachers may play an active role in DBR projects. In turn, this can facilitate a fruitful process where products of research projects using a DBR approach are deeply grounded in practitioners’ contexts and thus are able to meet the actual needs of schools.

Principals’ Leadership of Mathematics Teachers’ Professional Development

Leadership has long been recognized for having a significant impact on teacher learning. While research on development programs for mathematics teachers has suggested a change in focus from teachers being passive participants to becoming active learners in practice-based development programs, little is said about how this change in focus affects the principals’ role as leaders of teachers’ professional development (PD). In response to this, the presented study investigates how a Norwegian school management team facilitates and supports its mathematics teacher’s PD in their first year of participation in a particular practice-based development program. Findings from the study show that supporting teachers’ PD is easier said than done. The study highlights the importance of building teachers’ sense of ownership and having a shared overarching goal for participating in a practice-based development program. Moreover, there must be a structure and a practice for development work at school if a plan for development in practice is to be successfully implemented and fulfill teachers’ need for continuous development support. Based on the findings from this study and the use of cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) and the activity system, the article suggests that at least two prerequisites must be present for practice-based development programs to serve as mediating artifacts for teachers’ PD. First, the roles involved in the development work must be defined so that the work or goal-directed actions divided between the people in the shared community act towards the same object. Second, the school leader needs support in his work as a leader of teachers’ PD.

INOVASI MARKETING COMMUNICATION PRODUK GRAMEEN BANK UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN KOMUNITAS WIRAUSAHA PEREMPUAN

This study examines the case of the money marketing communication used by Islamic banks to promote Grameen Bank products. Grameen Bank is a form of financing model for providing capital by a bank to a group of people who have a lack of ability in terms of economics. This study aims to determine the marketing mix model used by BTPN Syariah in attracting the interest of the underprivileged community, especially for women to join the PMD program. This is achieved through qualitative research methods with a case study approach. In searching for data, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews and passive participant observation. The sampling used in this research is snowball sampling. This study uses the basic theory of Symbolic Interaction proposed by George Herbert Mead. This research was conducted on women entrepreneur communities in Jatisampurna and Bantar Gebang. The results of this study are the concept of the marketing mix used, including events and experiences, namely by holding exhibitions and roadshows, world of mouth marketing, using opinion leaders and group meetings, sales promotion girls with sales promotions placed to foster business groups, and by installing advertisements both with print catalog ads (print out advertising) as well as advertisements with digital platforms on YouTube. The marketing strategy used focuses on offline, this is because the target market of Grameen Bank has not yet touched the digital platform.

From Passive Participants to Active Learners

In this article, the authors argue that partnering with course faculty to develop and use open educational resources (OER) and open pedagogy to integrate information literacy (IL) into the curriculum. OER and open pedagogy can sustainably replace or compliment one-shot library sessions. As this case study indicates, creating an OER allowed a team of librarians and a professor to effectively scaffold the “Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education” (Framework) throughout a required large-enrollment undergraduate journalism course. Including openly licensed student tutorials in the OER created a more inclusive space for students to learn and become peer-educators. This case study outlines a process for using OER and an open pedagogy assignment to teach IL, and offers tips for how library workers can incorporate open educational practices (OEP) into their instructional sessions and collaborations.

Enhancing active patient participation in nursing handover: A mixed methods study.

To explore: i) the frequency and nature of patient participation in nursing handover and ii) patients' and nurses' perceived strategies to enhance patient involvement in nursing handover. Patient participation in nursing handover is important for patient-centred care, shared decision-making, patient safety and a positive healthcare experience DESIGN: A multi-site prospective study using a mixed methods design. Between September and December 2019, nursing handovers were observed on ten randomly selected wards, followed by semi-structured interviews with patients (n=33), and nurses (n=20) from the observed handovers. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics for structured observations and thematic analysis of interviews, and triangulated to develop a greater understanding of patient participation in nursing handover. This study is reported using the Good Reporting of Mixed Methods Study guidelines. The median patient age was 77years and 47% (n=55) patients were female. Of the 117handovers, 76.9% (n=90) were conducted in the patient's presence. Patients were active participants in 33.3% (n=30) and passive participants in 46.7% (n=42) of handovers; in 20% of handovers (n=18), the patient had no input at all. Active participation was more likely in women (vs. men), surgical patients (vs. medical patients) and when nurses displayed engagement behaviours (eye contact, opportunity to ask questions, explanations). Three major themes were identified from the interviews: 'Being Involved', 'Layers of Influence' and 'Information Exchange'. The main finding was that patient participation in handover was low and strongly influenced by a complex interplay of factors including patient and nurse preferences and perceptions. Handover is an essential tool in the provision of safe patient care. Patients were able to actively participate in nursing handover when they understood the purpose and timing of handover and had rapport with nurses.

Revisiting the Antigen-Presenting Function of β Cells in T1D Pathogenesis.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the unresolved autoimmune inflammation and islet β cell destruction. The islet resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells and macrophages uptake and process the β cell-derived antigens to prime the autoreactive diabetogenic T cells. Upon activation, those autoreactive T cells produce copious amount of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β to induce β cell stress and death. Autoimmune attack and β cell damage intertwine together to push forward this self-destructive program, leading to T1D onset. However, β cells are far beyond a passive participant during the course of T1D development. Herein in this review, we summarized how β cells are actively involved in the initiation of autoimmune responses in T1D setting. Specifically, β cells produce modified neoantigens under stressed condition, which is coupled with upregulated expression of MHC I/II and co-stimulatory molecules as well as other immune modules, that are essential properties normally exhibited by the professional APCs. At the cellular level, this subset of APC-like β cells dynamically interacts with plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and manifests potency to activate autoreactive CD4 and CD8 T cells, by which β cells initiate early autoimmune responses predisposing to T1D development. Overall, the antigen-presenting function of β cells helps to explain the tissue specificity of T1D and highlights the active roles of structural cells played in the pathogenesis of various immune related disorders.

GENDER-SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF REMITTANCE BEHAVIOR OF LABOR MIGRANTS FROM THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

In recent decades, international migration has become one of the most important factors of socio-economic development in both receiving and sending countries. The profile of the migrant has recently undergone significant changes, in particular, the feminization of international migration, including labor migration, is clearly observed. In the long run, this process affects the status and attitudes toward women within the household: studies show that a woman ceases to be a passive participant in the process of making important decisions for the family. At the same time, it worth to note the significant impact of the feminization of international migration on the remaining household members, especially on children and parents: recent trends lead to a redistribution of roles within the family - a woman becomes a “provider”, care for children and elderly household members falls on shoulders of remaining relatives - husband, sisters / brothers, parents, etc. Thus, women are moving from the role of "caring" to the role of "earning", which leads to the restructuring of the traditional social roles of women and men within the family. At the same time, we view the gradual increase in mobile activity among women as one of the factors for increasing family welfare, especially in cases where a woman cannot find, for various reasons, the decent work in her place of permanent residence. Since the increased responsibility and sense of duty of a woman to her family forces her to send most of her earnings, we assume that women migrants, unlike men, are more likely to contribute to ensuring the long-term sustainability of household welfare. The purpose of this article is to uncover the gender-specific determinants of remittances and to evaluate the impact of family networks, parents, spouse and dependents left behind.