Passion Fruit Seeds Research Articles

Evaluation of thermophysical, biochemical and antibacterial properties of unconventional vegetable oil from Northeast India

The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the quality of oils extracted from yellow and purple passion fruit seeds endemic to Northeast India. In this context, physicochemical properties (acid value, iodine value, etc), thermo physical analysis such as TGA and DSC was performed. Further, the antioxidant properties of seed oils were determined by TPC, TFC, DPPH and ABTS.+ analysis and their interrelation was analysed from Pearson correlation. Lower acid value (2–4.4 mg KOH g−1) and peroxide value (4.2–4.5 mg eq 1000 g−1) confirmed the good quality of oil. The thermal stability of different oils was found to be in the high range of 334.4 °C to 349.5 °C. Fatty acid composition of oils by GC analysis revealed abundance presence of approximately 70% of PUFA and the calculated oxidizability value suggested high oxidative stability in the oils. The universal oil quality score was observed to be high (>50%) when compared to other standard edible oil. Lowest radical inhibitory concentration was observed in yellow passion fruit seed oil from Manipur (70.7 ± 1.7 µg/ml in DPPH and 85.3 ± 5.5 µg/ml in ABTS). Profound antibacterial activity of oils was observed against K. Pneumonia (7.5 ± 0.35 to 12 ± 0.7 cm), B. Subtilis (5 ± 0.7 to 11 ± 0.7 cm), P. aeruginosa (2 to 11.5 ± 0.7 cm) and M. luteus (5 to 10 ± 0.7 cm). This work could add more information on uncommon passion fruit seed oil from Northeast India and further employ in various food and pharmaceutical sectors.

In vitro storage of sweet passion fruit seeds as an innovation conservation alternative

Abstract Sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata Curtis) is a species native to Brazil that is economically important for fruit consumption and can also be used as an ornamental plant. The objective of this work was to evaluate different forms of storing Passiflora alata seeds for the purpose of preserving accessions in germplasm banks. Three experiments were performed. In the first, the seeds without aril were stored for two periods (one and three years) in plastic bags and in in vitro culture medium at two temperatures. In the second, the seeds with and without aril were stored for one year in plastic boxes and in vitro culture medium at two temperatures. In the third, the seeds were kept for two years in different in vitro culture media. The seeds quickly lost viability when stored for one year conventionally in a cold chamber with 25% emergence, but remained viable when were stored in vitro with 90% emergence. Therefore, the use of in vitro culture medium is an innovative way to preserve sweet passion fruit seeds at 25 oC. The seeds of the Passiflora alata evaluated should be considered recalcitrant.

Production of lipids and natural antioxidants from passion fruit seeds

The wild passion fruit species Passiflora setacea, Passiflora alata, and Passiflora tenuifila are native to the Brazilian biomass. The seed waste generated from the extraction of passion fruit juice contains functional polyunsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds. The aims of this study were to obtain lipids and natural antioxidants from passion fruit seeds. Passion seed oils were extracted using a lab-scale continuous press and their oxidative stability was evaluated using the Rancimat® method. Higher antioxidant extract capacity was observed when using an ethanol-water solution (70:30) at 45 ºC. In these cases, the total phenolic contents expressed as gallic acid equivalents from P. setacea, P. alata, and P. tenuifila cakes were approximately 1800, 600 and 900 mg·100g−1 of extract. Induction periods increased up to two-fold when adding these extracts to their respective seed oil. Therefore, passion fruit seed extract can contribute to increasing the oxidative stability of polyunsaturated oils.

Passion fruit seed extract as an antioxidant additive for biodiesel; shelf life and consumption kinetics

One of the primary concerns in the use of biodiesel is its susceptibility towards radical-mediated oxidative reactions. The presence of unsaturated methyl esters renders biodiesel vulnerable to oxidation. It necessitates strategic interventions, which among a few others, includes the use of antioxidant additives. Natural antioxidants have multiple significant advantages over their synthetic counterparts. In the present study, the activity of methanolic passion fruit seed (PFS) extract as an antioxidant additive for waste cooking oil (soybean) biodiesel has been evaluated. The PFS extract contained a high proportion of phenolic compounds and exhibited excellent antiradical activity against model radical DPPH, which encouraged us to explore the case of unstable biodiesel further. At a concentration of 200 ppm, the PFS extract augmented the fuel's resistance towards oxidation to levels where it could comply with European and the Indian specifications for blend-stock biodiesel. The performance of PFS extract was comparable to that of synthetic antioxidants, including butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. The present study substantiates the utility of plant extracts rich in phenolics as an antioxidant additive for biodiesel.

Purple passion fruit seeds (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) as a promising source of skin anti-aging agents: Enzymatic, antioxidant and multi-level computational studies

This study aimed to assess the anti-aging potential of the ethanol extract of Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims seeds, through in vitro determination of antioxidant activity and inhibition assays of some enzymes related to skin aging. Furthermore, using in silico methods (docking and molecular dynamics), were established the affinity of the majority compounds of the extract on the target enzymes, ending with the prediction of drug-likeness properties. The extract showed a high total phenolic content, represented mainly by flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as a considerable antioxidant potential measured through the DPPH, FRAP and ORAC methods. In the inhibition assays of the enzymes collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase, IC50 values presented were optimal. Docking studies demonstrated marked binding ability of the extract constituients (specially, fisetin, galangin and S-eriodictyol) to the Collagenase and Tyrosinase. Molecular dynamics validated the stability and rationality of these molecular docking studies, MM/PBSA calculations provide strong evidence for both their specific heavy binding and how enzyme-ligand complex stabilized inside the catalytic domain, and drug-likeness studies showed suitable dermato-pharmacokinetics indices for most of components of extract. Findings from this study suggest that ethanol extract of P. edulis has a great potential as an anti-aging agent.

Analysis of natural colourant extracted from the pericarp of passion fruit

The pericarp of passion fruit is typically discarded before consumption. We aimed to demonstrate that pigments extracted from the pericarp could be used as natural colourants. We focused on the stability of the dyes in response to heat, light, and storage, which is the most pressing problem associated with natural colourants. The stability of the pigment in solutions was affected by certain factors. However, colour measurements confirmed that for test samples in powder form or those covered by a coloured commercial plastic bag or light shield, the pigments remain stable with no noticeable colour change. The pigment extracted from the pericarp included anthocyanins such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, callistephin, and cyanidin-3-rutinoside, which have 3-O-glycoside bonding of the C-ring. They were not found in the passion fruit pulp or seeds. The colour value of the pigment was lower than that of the same amount of red cabbage dye or purple sweet potato dye, which are typically used in food manufacturing. The pigment extracted from passion fruit pericarp was used to dye processed food such as jelly, which was coloured pink to red depending on the amount of pigment used. The passion fruit pericarp could be used as a low-cost natural red colourant.

Performance of sweet passion fruit seeds submitted to pre-germination treatments

Brazil is the world's largest consumer and producer of passion fruit (Passiflora spp.). Its fruit is widely accepted by consumers mainly in terms of natura consumption, juices, and medicines. However, these plants are spread mainly via seminiferous propagation, in which low and uneven seed germination is verified. The objective of this work was to study seed performance and initial growth of Passiflora alata Curtis seedlings as a function of pre-germination treatments. Seeds of P. alata extracted from mature fruits harvested were used and manually extracted from the fruits, and the aryl was removed by rubbing in a stainless steel mesh sieve with quicklime, followed by drying in the shade on filter paper for 24 hours. The seeds were submitted to physical scarification and immersed in distilled water for 0; 24; 48; 72; 96; and 120 hours of stirring. The seed scarification method by cracking interferes negatively in the germination and initial growth of P. alata seedlings. Intact seeds had a higher percentage of germination as the stirring time of the seeds imbibed in water increased. The cracked seed treatment provided the highest averages when electrical conductivity was evaluated in the stirring time of 120 hours. Intact seeds immersed in distilled water with stirring for 120 hours provide greater germination and initial growth of P. alata Curtis seedlings.

Performance of natural coagulants obtained from agro-industrial wastes in dairy wastewater treatment using dissolved air flotation

Agro-industrial wastes can become organic aids for coagulation, being an alternative to metallic coagulants. In this study ripe okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds were prepared, characterized and used as natural coagulants in experiments of coagulation/dissolved air flotation (C/DAF) treating synthetic dairy wastewater (SDW). C/DAF was carried out using central composite design (CCD) for optimization of variables. In CCD, the effects of coagulant dosage and pH (independent variables) were studied. Removal of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (dependent variables) were evaluated and regression models to predict the removal of these variables were adjusted and validated. The optimum conditions found for removing turbidity and COD were: okra dosage of 2.0 g L−1 at pH 9.00; and passion fruit seeds dosage of 1.3 g L−1 at pH 5.00. Okra as coagulant reduced 91.1 % of turbidity and 48.3 % of COD, whereas passion fruit seeds reduced 91.5 % of turbidity and 50.3 % of COD from the SDW. Okra and passion fruit seeds proved to be promising sources for obtaining coagulant agent, replacing metallic coagulants and minimizing the production of agro-industrial wastes.

The Effect of Moisture on the Yield of Sweet Passion Fruit (Passiflora lingularis Juss cv. Gumanti) Seed Oil from Indonesia by Mechanical Extraction

Passion fruit seeds are rich in fat. Oil of the seeds can be obtained through mechanical extraction. Moisture content is one of the factors, determine the result extraction of the seeds. This study investigates the effects of moisture content towards oil produced by pressing tests using a screw press. The seeds were conditioned at 5%, 7%, and 11% moisture content (wet basis); pressing temperature, 62°C. Chemical analyses i.e. refractive index and peroxide value, are conducted to determine the quality of oil through treatment of moisture content that produces the most oil. The result shows that oil yield increases with the increasing moisture content of the seeds. The highest amount of oil (12.32%) produced by 11% moisture content. The 7% of moisture content showed the highest unsaturated fatty acid, which was 70.928±17.430% (linoleic acid) and 17.947±6.944% (oleic acid). These results indicated that passion fruit seeds oil has possibility as edible vegetable oils.

Green Solvent Extraction and Quality Characteristics of Passion Fruit Seed Oil (Passiflora edulis Sims var. edulis)

The extraction of oil from passion fruit seeds with acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, and hexane was studied. The effects of the variables, namely type of solvent, material to solvent ratio, temperature, and extraction time, were investigated. The highest extraction yield was 78.52%, which was obtained using ethyl acetate with a material to solvent ratio of 1/10 at room temperature (28oC) for 4h using a shaker. This yield was similar to that obtained when using hexane as a solvent. Our results indicate that ethyl acetate can replace the conventional hexane solvent in the extraction of oil from passion fruit seeds. The high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in passion fruit seed oil suggests that this product has good potential for use in the human food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

Identification and Quantification of Stilbenes (Piceatannol and Resveratrol) in Passiflora edulis By-Products.

Recently, studies on the by-products from the food industry, such as passion fruit seeds, have significantly increased, as these can have an added value, due to their properties, such as potential antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to determine the presence of piceatannol and resveratrol in various extracts of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds from Madeira Island and a commercial passion fruit oil was used as reference. The commercial oil and the extracts that were obtained by traditional Soxhlet method with ethanol and acetone did not reveal the presence of the two stilbenes, piceatannol and resveratrol. However, the extracts that were obtained by the ultrasound method showed significant amounts of piceatannol and resveratrol when compared with the commercial oil. The presence of these compounds indicates that this oil could have potential application in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, due to their proven antioxidant and anti-aging properties.

Potential alternative feed sources for ruminant feeding from the biodiesel production chain by-products

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, fractionation of nitrogen compounds and carbohydrates, digestibility parameters, gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation of fruit seed cakes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three fruit seed cakes (treatments) and four replications. The cakes were made of seeds of custard apple (Annona squamosa), soursop (Annona muricata) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), which were collected in a biodiesel plant. The passion fruit seed cake presented the highest content of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre crude protein (NDFcp), acid detergent fibre (ADF), lignin and total carbohydrates (P<0.05). The custard apple seed cake presented high proportions of crude protein, condensed tannins and digestible energy (P<0.05). The soursop seed cake presented higher values for ether extract and total digestible nutrients (P<0.05). For potential degradability, the authors detected a difference between the custard apple, soursop and passion fruit seed cakes. The total volume of gases was higher for custard apple and soursop seed cakes. Custard apple seed cake presented higher proportions of in vitro degradation parameters (P<0.05). Thus this cake could provide greater nutrient levels when supplied in ruminant diets, followed by soursop seed cake and passion fruit seed cake.
 Keywords: alternative food, by-products, ruminant feeding, seed cake, semi-arid

Isotermas de sorção e propriedades termodinâmicas de sementes de maracujá doce

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho determinar as isotermas de adsorção de sementes de maracujá doce, selecionar o modelo matemático que melhor descreve o comportamento higroscópico dessas sementes e estimar o calor isostérico integral, a entropia diferencial e a energia livre de Gibbs, para as condições estudadas. O teor de água de equilíbrio das sementes foi obtido pelo método estático-gravimétrico. Para condicionar o ambiente de equilíbrio, as sementes foram inseridas em recipientes herméticos contendo diferentes soluções salinas saturadas e esses recipientes foram colocados em BODs reguladas para as temperaturas de 10, 20, 30 e 40 °C. Analisando-se os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que: O teor de água de equilíbrio higroscópico das sementes de maracujá é diretamente proporcional à atividade de água e decresce com o aumento de temperatura; Dentre os modelos testados, o modelo de Chung Pfost é aquele que melhor representa a higroscopicidade das sementes de maracujá doce; Com a redução do teor de água das sementes ocorre um aumento do calor isostérico integral de adsorção, da entropia diferencial e da energia livre de Gibbs; O processo de adsorção das sementes de maracujá doce é controlado pela entalpia.

Chemical characteristic of sweet passion fruit (Passiflora lingularis Juss) seeds from Indonesia based on maturity levels

Sweet passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss) cv. Gumanti is superior varieties of sweet passion fruit that is widely cultivated in Solok Regency of West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This fruit can consume directly as fresh fruit and can be processed into juice that gave a by-product such as the seeds. The purpose of this research is to analyse the chemical properties of sweet passion of cv. Gumanti seed based on maturity level so that the nutritional content is known. Chemical analyses were performed such as proximate analysis, total phenol and antioxidant activity. Proximate analysis showed that the seeds of passion fruit are rich in carbohydrates+fibre (61.04%, 58.40% and 60.39% and crude fat (21.03%, 20.36% and 20.83%, respectively for maturity level I, II, and III), didn’t give significant difference based on maturity level (P>0.05). Furthermore, the result showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50: 50-100 ppm), where there was a significant based on maturity level (P < 0.05). Total phenol analysis showed a linear relationship with antioxidant activity. Thus, the seeds of sweet passion fruit also have potential as a raw in the food industries, chemical, and pharmacy such as the seeds of acid passion fruit that have been reported by previous researchers.

Use of passion fruit seed extract (Passiflora edulis Sims) to prevent lipid oxidation in dairy beverages during storage and simulated digestion

Dairy beverages were produced from milk protein and fortified with linseed oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Polyphenol extract was obtained from passion fruit seeds (PFSE) and added to beverages to prevent lipid oxidation. Three passion fruit polyphenol concentrations (0, 0.1 and 1.0 g/kg) were tested and two thermal treatments (pasteurization and sterilization) were applied to dairy beverages. Emulsion stability was measured and lipid oxidation was determined during storage and during simulated digestion. Production of conjugated dienes and aldehydes (propanal and 4-hydroxyhexanal) during storage was significantly reduced in the presence of PFSE and sterilization treatment further increased the resistance to oxidation. During simulated digestion, pasteurized beverages were prone to oxidation, and the addition of PFSE (1.0 g/kg) reduced the formation of propanal and 4-hydroxyhexanal by 85% and 88% respectively. In the absence of PFSE, sterilization treatment reduced aldehyde production during digestion of dairy beverages by more than 70%, which was attributed to the formation of Maillard reaction products. For sterilized beverages, adding PFSE to the formulation only had limited impact on aldehyde formation. These results showed the potential of PFSE and heat treatments to enhance the oxidation stability of beverages containing omega-3 fatty acids.

Preparative Isolation of Piceatannol Derivatives from Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) Seeds by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Screening for α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities.

Passiflora edulis Sims (passion fruit) seeds are often discarded as byproducts during juice processing. In fact, the seeds are of considerable commercial value in the food and cosmetics industry because of their rich polyphenols, especially piceatannol. In this study, high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was applied for the separation of stilbene polyphenols from passion fruit seeds. The n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:2:1:2.8, v/v) was found to be the optimum two-phase solvent for the preparation of two major stilbenes, scirpusin B (8) and piceatannol (9) with purities of 90.2% and 94.8%, respectively. In addition, a continuous semipreparative HPLC was applied to further purify the HSCCC fractions containing minor stilbenes and obtain four new piceatannol derivatives (1-4) along with three known ones (5-7). The structures of these new compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods, including NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and circular dichroism (CD). The isolated compounds were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro. The result suggested that all of them exhibited more significant activity than acarbose, and passiflorinol B (2) had the strongest activity, with a IC50 value of 1.7 μM.

Responses of sour passion fruit (&lt;i&gt;Passiflora edulis&lt;/i&gt; Sims) seeds from the third recurrent selection cycle during storage

Conflicting responses have been found for the period of conservation of passion fruit seeds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the response of the seeds of passion fruit progenies to a 24-month storage period. The sour passion fruit progenies from the third cycle of Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF intrapopulation recurrent selection program were grown in Itaocara- RJ and the progenies seeds were evaluated for: germination potential, germination first count, accelerated aging, first count of accelerated aging test, seedling and radicle size and germination speed index. The germination and vigor of the seeds of the full-sib progenies were assessed by analysis of variance and factorial arrangement with 3 progenies and 7 periods of storage and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Progenies 1 and 2 responded better to germination (92% for both progeny) and vigor test of accelerated aging (92% for both progeny), rootlet size (6.4 and 5.8 cm, respectively) and germination speed index (2.91 and 2.85, respectively) during storage. Variations were observed during the storage period in mean of progenies for germination (81-93%) and vigor for all traits, except accelerated aging (84-91%). At eight months of storage, the seeds presented increased vigor; at 16 months, they showed reduced vigor. The passion fruit seeds of the progenies under analysis can be stored for up to 24 months with high and uniform germination rate and no loss in vigor. The seeds from the passion fruit breeding program showed increases in the variables of germination and vigor during the selection process for fruit production variables, proving the efficiency of the breeding program.

Evidence of maternal effect on germination and vigor of sour passion fruit

Abstract The seminiferous propagation of Sour Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is the main kind of multiplication due to the ease formation of seedlings. However, the reduced number of productive and homogeneous cultivars reflects the need for genetic breeding. The objective of this study was to assess the maternal and reciprocal effects in vigor and germination of Sour Passion Fruit seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the factorial scheme, with two structure (hybrid and reciprocal) and ten crosses with four replicates (50 seeds) in trays containing inert sand in germination chamber. Before sowing, it was obtained the weight of 100 seeds, and at 28 days germination percentage, emergence speed index, total seedlings length, shoot length and main root length, number of normal seedlings and dry mass per seedlings were evaluated. The reciprocal effects tell us which genotype is most promising when used as the female or male parent for the trait studied. It can be inferred that there is maternal effect influencing the weight of 100 seeds, emergence, emergence speed index and the number of normal seedlings. There was influence of the parent on the expression of traits in seeds of Sour Passion Fruit. It is important to define the paternal and maternal parent to obtain seeds with high germination potential.

Differences in the Levels of Malondialdehyde, Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides after the Administration of a Passion Fruit Seed Ethanol Extract to Wistar Rats

Differences in the Levels of Malondialdehyde, Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides after the Administration of a Passion Fruit Seed Ethanol Extract to Wistar Rats

Physical properties of yellow passion fruit seeds (Passiflora edulis) during the drying process

The reuse potential of passion fruit seeds to obtain functional ingredients can find many industrial applications. This requires knowledge of their physical properties for the design of conveyors and equipment. The objective of this study was to determine the physical properties of passion fruit seeds during drying and to evaluate the feasibility of using digital images to determine the dimensional properties of seeds in comparison to caliper. Passion fruit seeds with initial moisture content, in dry basis (d.b.), of 0.402 (decimal) were subjected to drying in a cylindrical tray dryer at 45 ± 2 °C to different moisture content levels and were characterized by their physical properties. Unit specific mass, mass of one thousand seeds, and seed size and shape were evaluated. The characteristic dimensions of the seeds were obtained by caliper and digital image processing. The digital image processing method was satisfactory to obtain the characteristic dimensions of passion fruit seeds. The dimensional properties did not show significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) during the drying process, indicating low contraction of the characteristic seed dimensions. The seeds presented volumetric contraction of approximately 4 %, which was represented by the Bala & Woods adapted model. The mass of one thousand seeds showed a reduction of approximately 21 % with the decrease of moisture content. The unit specific mass ranged from 1121 to 1022 kg m-3 for moisture contents of 0.402 and 0.047 (decimal, d.b.), respectively. These results indicate that the separation of passion fruit seeds as a function of moisture content should be performed by densimetric methods.