Passenger Transport System Research Articles

Formation of alternative routes for passenger trains in the event of non-standard situations

Railway passenger transportation has always had a significant place in the economic, material and technical development of Ukraine. The current conditions are no exception, when in connection with the beginning of a full-scale military invasion of our country, passenger transport assumed responsibility for the timely evacuation of people and their safe relocation to other regions of the country or abroad. Due to the fact that railway transport is of strategic importance for Ukraine, its infrastructure has increased risks of destruction. Each destruction of the railway infrastructure has serious consequences for the organization of the movement of passenger trains, in particular high-speed trains. Therefore, with the aim of reducing the possible costs of organizing the movement of high-speed passenger trains in the event of the destruction of the railway infrastructure and increasing the reliability of the functioning of the high-speed railway passenger transport system in Ukraine, an automated technology for providing an alternative route for the trains of the branch “Ukrainian Railway High-Speed Company” (UZShK) is proposed. The formation of this technology is considered on the example of the most popular passenger direction, namely - Kyiv-Lviv, the topology of which is represented by a weighted graph, where the vertices are railway stations, and the edges are railway sections with a weight in the form of a tuple (time to overcome each section, presence of electrification, bandwidth). The proposed technology also provides for the possibility of attracting additional “shuttle” trains or road transport, in cases where it is necessary to significantly reduce the travel time by an alternative route or the possibility of the arrival of railway transport to the station where it is necessary to board/disembark passengers is excluded. The formalization of this process was carried out by forming an optimization mathematical model according to the criterion of minimum operating costs. The formation of a set of alternative routes was carried out using the adjacency matrix of the graph representing the Kyiv-Lviv transportation direction. The developed technology is proposed to be integrated in the form of a software product for automated workplaces (AWP) of operative personnel in the form of a decision support system (DSP), the algorithm of which is also given in this publication.

Подходы к формированию и оценке эффективности маршрутной сети на примере Нового Уренгоя

The relevance of optimizing the route network of public transport in Novy Urengoy is related to the annual increase in the length of urban routes, in particular due to the expansion of bus routes, and the uneven distribution of passenger traffic. The article refers to the methods for optimizing the public urban passenger transport system to meet the existing transport demand. The example of the development of a route network for Novy Urengoy have been used to performed the topology analysis of route tracing and the analysis of the cartogram of the city. Based on the results of the study, measures have been proposed to optimize the route network of public urban transport. The relevance of the present study is related to the use of algorithms and methods developed by the author to optimize transport systems while making research in the largest cities of the Russian Federation - Perm, Ekaterinburg, Samara, Kurgan, Yoshkar-Ola and Chita.

Simulation modeling of infrastructure objects as a management tool of intelligent transport system

Nowadays, the formation of intelligent transportation systems is taking place, allowing to increase the efficiency of transportation through the use of innovative technologies. Methods and means of simulation modeling have gained considerable popularity among them, allowing to increase the accuracy of forecasting and efficiency of management decisionmaking. The purpose of this article is to develop the directions of application of simulation modeling in the field of passenger transport infrastructure management. The article presents the results of applied research using simulation modeling tools of passenger transport infrastructure objects. Based on these results, the effects of using simulation modeling methods in the management of passenger transport system are systematized. In order to achieve the research goal, a review of scientific works was conducted, the areas of application of simulation modeling in the management of passenger transport infrastructure were specified, the effects of using simulation modeling methods and tools were analyzed and generalized. The results of the research can be useful to transport organizations, state regulation bodies on transport and organizers of transportation. They can be used in the construction of scenarios for the development of transport infrastructure objects to improve the quality of service to the population and to ensure the effectiveness of management decisions on transport.

Methods of vehicle selection in the multimodal passenger transportation system

The article presents the results of the analysis of the methods of justification and choice of vehicles in the organization of long-distance multimodal passenger transportation involving water and related modes of transport. The analysis of the factors determining the need to use a combined approach in the organization of passenger transportation is carried out. Analytical and mathematical methods of selecting modes of transport are considered, including methods of multi-criteria optimization in the problem of selecting vehicles in the combined passenger transport system. An algorithm for selecting vehicles in the multimodal passenger transportation system has been compiled, which takes into account all of the above stages. The calculation of quantitative and analysis of qualitative indicators of the choice of the mode of transport with the participation of water transport and specific vehicles is carried out on the example of the organization of the passenger line "Nizhny Novgorod – Kazan – Samara" using various schemes of combining modes of transport. The proposed approach and algorithm for the complex solution of the problem ensure the coordination of the economic interests of the interacting modes of transport and increase the attractiveness of long-distance multimodal communication for passengers

Seamless Multimodal Transportation Scheduling

Ride-hailing services have expanded the role of shared mobility in passenger transportation systems, creating new markets and creative planning solutions for major urban centers. In this paper, we consider their use for the first-mile or last-mile passenger transportation in coordination with a mass transit service to provide a seamless multimodal transportation experience for the user. A system that provides passengers with predictable information on travel and waiting times in their commutes is immensely valuable. We envision that the passengers will inform the system of their desired travel and arrival windows so that the system can jointly optimize the schedules of passengers. The problem we study balances minimizing travel time and the number of trips taken by the last-mile vehicles, so that long-term planning, maintenance, and environmental impact are all taken into account. We focus on the case where the last-mile service aggregates passengers by destination. We show that this problem is NP-hard, and we propose a decision diagram–based branch-and-price decomposition model that can solve instances of real-world size (10,000 passengers spread over an hour, 50 last-mile destinations, 600 last-mile vehicles) in computational time (∼1 minute) that is orders of magnitude faster than the solution times of other methods appearing in the literature. Our experiments also indicate that aggregating passengers by destination on the last-mile service provides high-quality solutions to more general settings. History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods and Analysis. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2019.0163 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2019.0163 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .

Environmental and energy performance of integrated passenger–freight transport

The first-last mile (FLM) transport of passengers and freight accounts for a significant share of total transport costs, pollution, and energy consumption. According to recent scientific literature and institutional inputs at the European level, operational innovations such as the combination of passenger and freight flows may be an effective approach for promoting sustainable and energy-efficient FLM transport. In this study, the energy and environmental performances of an integrated passenger and freight transport system based on the bus network of Zrenjanin (Serbia) were investigated with different future energy mix and transport policy scenarios. The operational aspects of the integrated system were designed through collaboration with territorial stakeholders and an analysis of local planning documents. The performance was evaluated and compared with current public transport and freight schemes considering vehicle fuel and technology, total mileage, and other relevant endogenous and exogenous factors. The results of our analysis indicate operational benefits and energy savings, mainly due to reduced total mileage and the predisposition to shift to the active modes for the last mile. However, most expected long-term energy savings are the result of technological development of vehicles and modal shifts induced by policy strategies.

IMPACT OF PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT ORGANIZATION MODEL ON SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND SERVICE QUALITY

Organization and management of Public Passenger Transport (PPT) system is a complex process, which significantly impacts the functioning of the system. Globally, there is no unique solution for organization model of PPT, but the organization models are adjusted to the characteristics of each individual area. Organization model of PPT, inherited from the self-management system of the former Socialist Federal Republic (SFR) Yugoslavia, became unsustainable in the Municipality of Inđija (Serbia) and did not fulfil transport needs and demands of passengers regarding the amount of transport and its quality in optimal manner. Old organization model has been replaced by a new modern model, based on positive experiences from developed European cities. Article presents the impact of new organization model of PPT on the work of the system. Research has been conducted in order to determine the state of both old and new system’s organization model by counting and interviewing passengers during years 2008 and 2017. In accordance with the changes made in the system, comparative analysis “before and after changes” has been done along with establishing of the effects of changes on functioning of the system and service quality. Results show significantly improved service quality, while transport demands increase by 38.3%.

Razvitie sistemy gorodskogo passazhirskogo transporta i perekhod na brutto-kontrakty (chast' 2)

The urban passenger transport system plays an important role in ensuring the life of the metropolis, in solving a wide range of issues related to the problems of its formation and functioning. Ensuring and preserving the social, economic and political stability of life in any city of the Russian Federation largely depends on the efficiency of the functioning of the passenger 291 transport complex. The gross contract assumes the presence of an intermediary between the carrier and the passenger. In cities, the municipality is such an intermediary. In the second part, we will consider the risks of working under gross contracts and the conditions for minimizing them.

Razvitie sistemy gorodskogo passazhirskogo transporta i perekhod na brutto-kontrakty (chast' 1)

Urban passenger transport is one of the socially significant branches of the urban economy of any modern municipality, since it plays an important role in ensuring the quality of life of the urban population. The article discusses one of the current problems in the field of municipal economy the development of the urban passenger transport system.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE FLEET OF TRACKLESS VEHICLES SERVING URBAN PASSENGER ROUTES BASED ON THE RESULTS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING

The article analyzes scientific works aimed at improving the efficiency of urban passenger transport systems, its results are presented. The importance of the structural parameters of the rolling stock as an element determining the quality and efficiency of the transport process is noted. In terms of the development of existing developments, a set of methods is proposed that allow mathematical modeling of passenger flows of urban passenger transport routes and indicators of the efficiency of servicing these routes by a fleet with specified structural parameters. Based on the simulation results, the areas of effective use of various types of transport and categories of vehicles are determined. The obtained data can be used as initial information in determining the optimal structural parameters of the fleet of vehicles serving urban passenger routes.
 Purpose – improving the efficiency of the urban passenger transport complex on the basis of optimizing the structural parameters of the fleet of vehicles.
 Methodology: during the research, the following methods were used: theory of technical operation of cars; methods of technical and economic analysis; theory of operational properties of cars; probability theory; methods of mathematical analysis; theory of management of socio-technical systems.
 Results: a set of interrelated methods has been developed that allow to simulate passenger flows of urban passenger routes and determine key performance indicators for the operation of various modes of transport and categories of vehicles. The values of annual traffic volumes determining the areas of their effective application are determined.
 Practical implications: research and practical activities in the field of organization of public transport services by urban passenger public transport.

ALGORITHM FOR ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF MULTIMODAL LONG-DISTANCE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION

One of the directions of development of the transport complex of the Russian Federation is the development of multimodal transport technologies and infrastructure to ensure multimodal transportation. The article presents an economic assessment of measures for the organization of multimodal long-distance passenger transportation. It is shown that the proposed methodology is aimed at meeting the basic requirements for the organization of passenger transportation, which are to obtain the maximum income when performing multimodal transportation in the direction, and to maximize the number of passengers transported in order to better meet passenger demand.
 Purpose is to study the impact of multimodal transportation on the increase of passenger turnover at the landfill of JSC “FPC”. Since modern requirements for the passenger transportation system dictate the need to create a multimodal transport system based on the integration of passenger rail transport with other modes of transport, it is necessary to show the importance of organizing multimodal transportation in accordance with passenger demand. To consider the matter of necessity to determine the main parameters that affect the choice of multimodal routes.
 Methodology. Complement existing approaches to the organization of multimodal transportation. Methods of economic theory for determining the effectiveness of the organization of long-distance multimodal passenger transportation.
 Results. The criteria of multimodal transportation have been defined.An algorithm for assessing the economic efficiency of the organization of a multimodal route is proposed, which allows to estimate the expected profit from transportation organization, as well as predicting transportation impact on transportation process indicators.
 Practical implication. The recommendations and approaches proposed in the algorithm developed by the author can be used for the development of multimodal routes. The proposed algorithm allows performing a preliminary analysis of its economic feasibility yet at the preliminary selection stage for multimodal long-distance passenger transportation organization.

News of Transport Industry in November–December 2022

Our Journal publishes a selection of materials prepared based on news reports of the press centre of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and dedicated to several significant events of the past two months and some results of the entire 2022. The information refers to implementation of the national project «Safe High-Quality Roads», supply of new rolling stock for urban public passenger transport systems, modernisation, and safety of roads in general and on tourist routes, the impact of implementation of the national project on assessment of quality and accessibility of roads by public opinions. The information also covers issues of introducing new intelligent transport systems in cities, new legislative regulation of taxi services, the work of the CIS Transport Coordination Meeting, and reconstruction of the border crossing between Russia and Azerbaijan. In terms of the activities of the transport education system, attention is drawn to the past competitions of transport universities.

СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОСТЬ ТРАНСПОРТНОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ГОРОДОВ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ

The article selects, studies and structures possible approaches to the assessment of the balance of transport services for the population of cities. The authors have been analyzed the experience in solving the problem of balance the system of transport services for the population of cities and some regulatory documents in the organization of passenger transportation, including those governing the optimization of the structure of public passenger transport. The paper presents ideas about the current level of balance of the Tyumen public passenger transport system. It has been formulated the conclusions about the relevance and prospects of this kind of research in relation to the transport service systems in large cities of the Russian Federation.

Modular vehicle routing for combined passenger and freight transport

The continuous increase in urban deliveries and the ongoing urbanization of large cities require the development of efficient and sustainable transportation solutions. This study investigates the impact of modular vehicle concepts and the consolidation of different demand types in the route planning on the efficiency of the urban freight and passenger transportation system. Modularity is achieved by connecting multiple vehicles together to form a platoon. The consolidation of different demand types is realized by simultaneously consider passenger and freight demand in the optimization algorithm. The considered vehicles are specific for each demand type by can be connected freely, hence it is possible to transport different demand types in the same platoon. The cost terms in the problem formulation are comprised of travel time costs, travel distance costs, fleet size costs, and cost considering unserved requests. The modular vehicle operations are modeled in a novel pickup and delivery problem which is solved using CPLEX and Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search. In an extensive scenario study and case study in Stockholm, the potentials of the new modular vehicle type are explored for different spatial and temporal demand distributions. A parameter study on vehicle capacity, vehicle range and cost saving assumptions is performed to study their influence on the efficiency. The experiments carried out indicate a general cost savings of 48% due to modularity and an additional 9% due to consolidation. The reduction mainly stems from reduced operating costs and reduced trip duration, while the same number of requests can be served in all cases. Empty vehicle kilometers are reduced by more than 60% by consolidation and modularity. The proposed model and optimization framework can be used by companies and policy makers to identify required fleet sizes, optimal vehicle routes and cost savings.

The assessment of the feasibility of designing, manufacturing, and operating middle-class innovative urban electric buses

Problem. City electric buses are increasingly being utilized for passenger transportation in developed countries worldwide. Currently, there are various types of city electric buses being manufactured and operated, differing in their autonomous electric energy sources and charging systems. These include the ONC type with overnight charging of traction batteries and the OS type with ultra-fast charging of traction batteries or supercapacitors during stops. However, these electric buses also vary in their body length, ranging from 5.85 to 15.0 meters for individual models. Although large-class city electric buses with a body length of approximately 12.0 meters are commonly used, concerns have been raised regarding their operational effectiveness. Goal: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of designing and implementing small-scale production of competitive middle-class city electric buses with a body length of 8.0-10.0 meters at Ukrainian enterprises, and to assess their suitability for operation on city routes. Methodology: The feasibility evaluation of middle-class city electric buses is based on an analysis of the technical parameters of promising ONC-type middle-class city electric buses. The study includes the development of conceptual sketch projects based on a proposed layout scheme utilizing a 4x2.1 wheel formula. Operational parameters of these sketch projects are compared with electric bus analogues of similar and other standard sizes. Results: Three versions of conceptual sketch projects for promising urban electric buses of the ONC type, with body lengths of 8.0 meters, 9.0 meters, and 10.0 meters, have been developed. An analysis of their structural and operational parameters has been conducted, providing a relative assessment of the feasibility of their creation and utilization for passenger transportation on urban routes within domestic cities. Originality: The projects for promising middle-class urban electric buses are developed based on an original layout scheme, incorporating an asymmetrical arrangement of independent suspensions for the left and right wheels of the steering bridge, as well as the placement of two double passenger doors in the middle section of the bus bodies within the wheelbases. A method for determining the primary structural parameters of city electric buses of varying lengths during the development of conceptual proposals is proposed. Practical Value: The study presents a rational basis for creating and establishing the production of medium-class city electric buses of the ONC type, highlighting their operational and economic advantages compared to modern models, particularly large-class city electric buses produced by domestic companies. The study also provides recommendations for selecting optimal standard sizes of middle-class city electric buses for integration into urban passenger transportation systems in Ukraine's current stage of economic development

AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING THE MOVEMENT OF URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING GIS

Abstract. This article discusses the issue related to the prospects for the introduction of an automated control system for urban passenger transport in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, which includes: “Management of passenger transportation by road” on the 1C: Enterprise platform; assessment of the difficulty of communication by constructing an isochron; forecasting the need for the number of buses using fuzzy logic and sets; conclusion of the result in GIS, namely in the application “OckemenBus”.The initial stage of the system includes the task of systematization and storage of information about the urban passenger transport system using the 1C: Enterprise platform. It is also possible to store calculated information on transport performance indicators. To determine the quantitative indicators of assessing the accessibility of the center, isochronograms were calculated and constructed taking into account the movements of the city's population in all ways. The calculation of the isochronogram indicates the transport problems of growing neighborhoods located on the left bank of the Irtysh River, the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Further, using the theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets, it is possible to make changes to the UPT movement scheme using the standard interface of the geoinformation system shell.It should be noted that the proposed model for optimizing the movement of urban passenger transport using the 1C platform, the construction of an isochronogram, the theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets and GIS allows you to organize the work of urban passenger transport.

Geotechnical challenges and innovations in urban underground construction – The Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit project

AbstractThe Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) project involves the construction of an urban passenger transport system, i.e., Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, together with the existing urban rail network, will form the backbone of the public transport system in the Greater Kuala Lumpur/Klang Valley region in Malaysia. The first MRT line implemented is the 47 km Kajang Line, of which 9.5 km is underground tunnels with seven underground stations. Construction of the line began on 8 July 2011 and achieved the full line opening on 17 July 2017. The second MRT line―Putrajaya Line―began fully operations on 16 March 2023, stretches from Sungai Buloh to Serdang and ends at Putrajaya for a length of 57.7 km, of which 13.5 km is underground tunnels with 10 new underground stations. Like all other metro underground stations/tunnels designed as part of the urban city, the KVMRT underground construction faces challenges from a technical (engineering design and construction) as well as social (environmental and land related) point of view. Needless to say, underground construction in Klang Valley is intensified with the inherent geotechnical challenges presented by complex ground conditions ranging from hard granite, heterogeneous Kenny Hill formation and extreme karstic limestone with fully developed weathered profiles to soft recent deposits including alluvium and mine tailing that is under‐consolidated in places due to past mining activities. The development of this large‐scale infrastructure project has not only opened up tremendous works and new frontier for tunnelling and geotechnical engineering in Malaysia, but it also provided a wealth of information of unique geotechnical challenges/accomplishments as well as technology breakthrough and design innovation in underground engineering. This article discusses some aspects of geotechnical challenges and interesting lessons learnt as well as numerous innovations embedded into this highly complex urban underground construction project.

Electrification transition and carbon emission reduction of urban passenger transportation systems—A case study of Shenzhen, China

Urban passenger transportation sector is one of the major contributors to carbon emissions due to motorization and urbanization. Electrification transition is crucial to achieving carbon mitigation. This study proposed a double substitution of vehicles and travel modes, analyzed the electrification transition mechanism, and aimed to establish a model using the system dynamics method to simulate travel mode, electrification transition process, and emission reduction effect of urban passenger transportation system in Shenzhen in different scenarios. Results indicated: (1) Electrification transition involves four phases, and there is a delay in travel modes substitution compared with vehicles substitution; (2) Electrification in Shenzhen generates a diversified travel mode dominated by public transport, whose share rate exceeds 70% in 2035; (3) Carbon emissions trends in different scenarios present inverted “V” shape, while emission levels are significantly different, ranging from 10.32Mt to 6.41Mt in 2035; (4) Integrated approach is superior to only a travel mode shift or clean vehicle strategy, decreasing total CO2 emissions from 7.8Mt in 2014 to 6.41Mt in 2035 and unit passenger emissions from 1.65 kg in 2010 to 0.49 kg in 2035. This study provides a good reference for achieving low-carbon urban passenger transportation during urbanization and the worldwide electrification transition of transportation systems.

ON THE PRACTICE OF FORMING THE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OF NOVOPOLOTSK

The actual topic of the practice of forming a street network and a passenger transport system is touched upon on the example of the city of Novopolotsk. The article explores and analyzes design solutions for the creation and improvement of transport infrastructure. Illustrations include graphic diagrams and drawings borrowed from literary sources and archives of design organizations, independently prepared for publication by the author.

Assessing Sustainable Passenger Transportation Systems to Address Climate Change Based on MCDM Methods in an Uncertain Environment

Climate change, the emission of greenhouse gases, and air pollution are some of the most important and challenging environmental issues. One of the main sources of such problems is the field of transportation, which leads to the emission of greenhouse gases. An efficient way to deal with such problems is carrying out sustainable transportation to reduce the amount of air pollution in an efficient way. The evaluation of sustainable vehicles can be considered a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method due to the existence of several criteria. In this paper, we aim to provide an approach based on MCDM methods and the spherical fuzzy set (SFS) concept to evaluate and prioritize sustainable vehicles for a transportation system in Tehran, Iran. Therefore, we have developed a new integrated approach based on the stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and the measurement of alternatives and ranking according to the compromise solution (MARCOS) methods in SFS to assess the sustainable vehicles based on the criteria identified by experts. The evaluation results show that the main criterion of the environment has a high degree of importance compared to other criteria. Moreover, autonomous vehicles are the best and most sustainable vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, by comparing the ranking results with other decision-making methods, it was found that the proposed approach has high validity and efficiency.