History Of Party Research Articles

The Green Party of the United States: Establishment and Entry into Big Politics

The article considers the long and complicated history of the Green Party in the United States (from 1984 to 2001), as well as its further political role as a «third party» – up to the establishment of the Green New Deal as its main ideological and election platform for the 2012 presidential elections. This topic is of interest due to the fact that, amid the global relevance of «green» political and economic agenda in the 21st century, the environmental parties are meant to play a special role – let alone in the country that claims leadership in the field of environmental (primarily, climate) policy. In this context, the situation that the Green Party in the United States is in a secondary position and does not have a decisive influence on real politics, looks all the more illogical. The specifics of the American Greens’ political strategy and tactics are analyzed, which allowed to reach a new level of political struggle as an alternative and oppositional political force towards both establishment parties – the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Nevertheless, the Democrats led by President J. Biden have intercepted the Green Party’s preelection program and won the 2020 elections with it. This testifies to strategic mistakes made by the American Greens and casts doubt on their future political fate.

Արմենական-ՌԱԿ անցումային շղթան և դրա գաղափարական հետագիծը / The Armenian-RAK transition chain and its ideological trajectory

From the moment of independence to the present day, parties have played a decisive role in the highly politicized life of the Republic of Armenia. And in the early years, Armenian traditional parties stood out in this field. Later, the established parties were characterized as ruling and oppositional, as well as those who swam between them. By their nature, the Armenian people are largely followers of the Liberal Democratic ideology, the pioneer and torchbearer of which was the LDP. In this sense, the study of its history is of scientific and practical importance. Especially nowadays, when our country finds itself at the crossroads of geopolitical interests and it has become necessary to take the right position on international platforms, it is more than important to know history and learn from it. In this regard, knowledge of the history of the locomotive parties of political life becomes a kind of searchlight for proper orientation in the created chaos The history of LDP is one of the most important.

A Little History of the Australian Labor Party. By NickDyrenfurth and FrankBongiorno. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2024. pp. 304. $27.99 (pb)

A Little History of the Australian Labor Party. By NickDyrenfurth and FrankBongiorno. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2024. pp. 304. $27.99 (pb)

Norman Gash: Political Historian

AbstractThis article commemorates the 40th anniversary of the publication of Lord Liverpool by Norman Gash (1912–2009). It considers Gash as a historian who both wrote about 19th‐century politics and expressed political views of his own. These views became increasingly prominent in the 1980s, during Margaret Thatcher's period of office. Thatcher's unexpected public endorsement of Lord Liverpool was reflected in Gash's open support for Thatcher's economic policies in the face of internal party critics, including those who appealed to the legacy of Benjamin Disraeli. Far from being uncomfortable about Thatcher's radicalism, as is sometimes argued, Gash used a series of newspaper interventions to accommodate Thatcherism within Conservative Party history. This drew favourable analogies between Thatcher and Liverpool, but more especially with Sir Robert Peel. Gash did not abandon academic scholarship for public commentary during the 1980s, but at no period in his life was he as willing to join in contemporary political debate as the years in which he was writing and researching Lord Liverpool.

Политический проективизм в партийном строительстве

To this day, political design is the subject of academic and public discussions, the result of which is the realization of private, rational, rather than social, interests related to ideas and ideologies. To the greatest extent, this criticism affects the processes of party building. In the mass (and partly in expert) consciousness, parties are defined as institutions aimed at promoting social interests. Within the framework of such views, any emerging and developing project is considered as a de-ideologized formation, based on the rational goals and motives of its participants. Accordingly, the assessment of political projectivism in party building is an important and relevant research task and forms the purpose of this article. The methodological basis of the study was made up of systemic and neo-institutional approaches, the combination of which made it possible to consider political design as a sustainable practice, implemented in the system of political interaction and transforming the essence of modern party organizations. The study also took into account the projective approach of public administration, which defines projects as key components of political (and party) functioning. The main research methods were the general scientific principles of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, as well as the applied method of situational analysis (case-study), which made it possible to determine the significance of political projectivism in their formation and functioning using specific examples of Russian parties. The conclusions of the article are that in the processes of modern party building, political projectivism is a natural and integral process of insti-tutional interaction. It is associated with both objective processes of transformation of modern political and party systems, as well as political parties themselves, and with the subjective orientations of political figures to obtain and maintain positions of power, based on rational planning and use of their available resources. As Russian party history shows, the implementation of party projects can have negative and positive aspects associated with the implementation of activities by such parties, which are also of a pro-ject nature and focused on working with the electorate, including those involving the solution of certain social issues.

Health Insurance, Medicine, and Society in Taiwan: Chinese Authoritarianism, Taiwanese Ethnicities, and Global Actuarial Science

This article explores the history of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang KMT) government’s expansion of health insurance in Taiwan from 1950 to the 2010s through the lens of ethnicity, politics and medicine. I argue that the KMT party-state’s expansion of health insurance privileged government employees who were the core supporters of the ruling party. By comparing the history of the insurance programs for government employees and laborers, the article makes the case that KMT provided better coverage, lower premiums, and less medical gatekeeping for Chinese waisheng government employees who fled to Taiwan with the KMT than for ordinary Taiwanese bensheng laborers. Global actuarial science experts from the United Nations International Labor Organization also buttressed such a discriminatory process. This China-centered approach towards universalizing healthcare on the island became increasingly challenged by provincial legislators, labor activists, and the emerging political opposition that promoted local Taiwanese concerns on healthcare equity and access. This article concludes that this dual process of KMT’s population management and leveraging of United Nations actuarial expertise as the Republic of China became symbolic of the bio-geopolitics that animated the history and development of health insurance in Taiwan.

West German historiography of the German Empire as an example of the implementation of historical policy

Analysis of the historiography of a particular historical period or problem allows one to say a lot not only about the topic of research, but also about the academic and political situation in which the works were prepared and published. For example, the tradition of studying the political history of Germany during the imperial period that emerged in Germany. The natural choice of topics on which most works concentrate (constitutional history, biography, history of political parties, parliamentarism, problems of authoritarianism and the theory of modernization) almost always concern the history of the German Empire, both by the majority, namely representatives of the Bielefeld school of social history and by their opponents, from the point of view of the collapse of the Empire in 1918. In the imperial period, there are tendencies, institutions, drivers that can be identified, the presence or absence of which predetermined the collapse of the Empire, made it natural and inevitable. The theory of the Sonderwegthese of German history initially interprets the “German case” as completely separate, standing apart from other states, both “progressive” Western and “backward” Eastern. This peculiarity and predetermination of the end, responsibility for which in various works is assigned to different, but always “conservative” forces, i.e. the monarchy, Wilhelm’s personal regime, the Junkers, Prussia, the Bundesrat, Catholics, etc., form the idea of the empire as anti-democratic in its nature, the tasks of which are hostile to the national and liberal movements, progressive at their core. This perception of their own past, which had a decisive influence on the historical consciousness of the Germans, became one of the factors of their deep understanding of the Anglo-American civilization as a standard one, and of their own history as something that must be overcome and not be repeated.

The Status Quo and Problems of Red Cultural Sites in the New Era and Their Exploration Paths: Taking the Luxi Region as an Example

Red cultural site is the carrier of red culture, containing profound revolutionary history and value of the times, we should deeply excavate the intrinsic potential of red cultural sites, pay attention to the ontological protection of red cultural sites, develop and improve the red cultural innovation projects, and strengthen the red culture itself and supporting the construction. This paper takes the old revolutionary area of Luxi as an example, conducts field investigation and visits based on the local county records and party history materials, and investigates a total of five red cultural sites and memorial halls in Luxi, focusing on the actual achievements and problems exposed in the protection and development of the current red cultural sites, to provide references and thinking for the protection, development, and innovative utilization of red cultural sites in the new era of our country.

红色资源融入高校党史学习教育的路径研究

Red resources have strong cultural connotation and educational value, which is an important content to inspire the ideological and political education consciousness of college students. Shanxi Province, as a revolutionary old base area, contains rich red resources. Exploring the practical path of integrating red resources into the study and education of Party history in colleges and universities is the inevitable requirement of the current ideological and political course teaching reform. Colleges and universities should play the role of “big ideological and political course” in the classroom, make good use of red resources, and improve the effectiveness of Party history education. In practice, with the help of social practice activities, use living red resources to carry out diversified practice activities; In the new era, colleges and universities should also innovate communication channels, rely on network new media, and use sufficient red resources to broaden the channels of Party history communication.

The Evolution of Distribution Ideology in the Centennial Party History

The distribution ideology plays an important guiding role in the formation of the distribution system. Throughout the centennial party history, the changes and innovations in the distribution system on the road to common prosperity stem from the continuous evolution of distribution ideology. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, it is necessary to focus on the evolution path of the distribution system and ideology, clarify the contradiction between theory and practical development, and based on sorting out the historical process, summarize the innovative achievements of China's distribution ideology, summarize feasible experiences, and provide effective support and basis for the continuous improvement of distribution ideology.

AN ANALYSIS OF RECENT STUDIES IN ENGLISH EDUCATION IN CHINA USING AN APPLICATION OF BIG DATA IN ENGLISH TEACHING

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, education has entered the era of big data based on computer network technology, powerful cloud storage technology, and computational analysis technology. The era of big data is changing society at a rapid pace. Big data can transform how we teach English, the dominant position in English teaching, the evaluation methods of English teaching, and education in general. Big data can also be applied to the remote teaching of English history, teaching party history, and English exam history in the English classroom. By applying big data to the history of English teaching, we can significantly improve China's English teaching industry and promote the reform of China's education industry. English is a universal language in today's globalized world, and it has become even more critical. Therefore, English teaching should be reformed towards application, and learning English can be a tool that significantly impacts people's lives, especially in the context of China, where English is not the first language (L1).

Exploration of the Path for Undergraduate Party Organizations to Carry out Party History Learning and Education

Looking back on the glorious hundred year history of the Party, the CPC has experienced painful hesitation and setbacks. Even so, the people of the CPC always adhere to the original intention and mission of seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To showcase the light of the 72 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC, Party organizations in colleges and universities should be strong. Set political beliefs, enhance party spirit principles, adhere to the Party's original aspiration and mission, persist in providing education that satisfies the people, never forget the past, walk well in the present, and create the future. The author conducts a preliminary exploration and exploration of party history learning and education in higher education party organizations from the following aspects, based on the theme activities of party history learning and education carried out by the school.

The Historical Different Meanings of Chinese Communist Party’s ‘The Party Commands Gun’ Under Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping

Since the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) established its own military force (People’s Liberation Army [PLA]), it has always emphasised ‘The Party Commands Gun’ (dangzhihuiqiang, µ³Ö¸»Óǹ). However, the high-ranking CCP leaders who hold ‘military power (junquan, ¾üȨ)’ would also use their influence in the PLA to influence or even change the direction of Chinese politics. In addition, the meaning of ‘The Party Commands Gun’ also varies by period, and the meaning of it is also quite different in different eras in the CCP party history. In this article, the author aims to analyse the connotation changes of the CCP’s political slogan ‘The Party Commands Gun’ from the perspective of historical evolution. Based on examples from the history of the CCP, the focus will be compared to the CCP’s revolutionary era, the Mao Zedong era and the post-Mao era of ‘The Party Commands Gun’. From the perspective of empirical analysis and historical evolution, the author reveals the evolution of the purpose of ‘The Party Commands Gun’ from the revolutionary era to Deng Xiaoping era.

Telling important party history of the New Democracy period based on historical materials

Abstract Due to the characteristics of multi-source heterogeneity of party history information resources, the organisation and storage of party history information resources remain in the digital stage at this stage. In order to achieve the transformation of important party history information resources in the new democratic period from digitalisation to intellectualisation, this paper collects and preprocesses the relevant information data of important party history in the new democratic period in the historical materials. The entity knowledge model in the knowledge graph is constructed by combining the characteristics of important party history with the data, encoding and processing the nodes and timestamps in the important party history by using encoders, learning its evolution characteristics, and realising the complementary processing of the time sequence of important party history. Finally, we construct a narrative system of important party history from the new democratic period based on historical materials. The study shows that there are 2015 keywords of important party history during the New Democracy period in the historical materials, and there are 36 keywords with frequency values of 3 times or more. It is also found that the system can accurately narrate important party history events in the New Democratic Period and can allow users to learn about other important party history figures or events that are closely related to them when searching for important party history-related information. This paper responds to the call for promoting the popularisation of Party history for all people, and the visual and vivid display of important Party history events through the form of knowledge mapping can improve the public’s understanding and knowledge of Party history events.

Construction of Cloud Computing Resource Allocation and Ideological and Political Education Platform Based on the Theme of Party History and Party Building

Abstract Party history and party-building education is an important carrier of party-building work in colleges and universities, and it is also an important content of cultivating and promoting socialist core values while party-building work is an effective way and the main hand of ideological and political work of students in colleges and universities. This paper takes the large amount of data generated in the process of ideological and political education resource allocation on the theme of party history and party building as the research object and builds a mapping relationship between tasks and ideological and political education resources according to certain strategies based on cloud computing resource allocation. A platform for allocating resources for ideological and political education has been designed and developed, which is based on a time series clustering algorithm and constructs resource overviews, sequence collections, and clustering modules. The functions of student behavior data collection and overview, feature calculation and selection, behavior time series clustering, and group feature analysis are realized, which enhances the efficiency of the ideological and political education resource platform. Functional and performance tests of the platform were completed, and the average system response times of the three modules were 75.05, 80.39, and 69.95ms, which were able to meet the actual application standards. With the help of the platform, the behavioral record data of 6,927 platform users were evaluated and practiced, and the user group classification and group characterization were carried out according to the output of the platform, which provided scientific suggestions for the distribution of ideological and political teaching resource services.

Судето-немецкая партия в Чехословакии: на пути к объединению с нацистской Германией (1933–1938 гг.)

The history study of nationalist parties in the 20th century is the subject of close attention of many researchersgermanists. However, the history of the Sudeten-German party in Czechoslovakia in the 1930s does not often become an object of research. The purpose of the article is to consider the activities of the Sudeten-German party, to highlight the key reasons for its emergence. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the party leaders' views on the way to unification with Nazi Germany. Also, the work proposed, if possible, an objective analysis of the essence of Henlein movement. The urgency of the problem is substantiated, first of all, by the fact that according to a similar scenario events, developed and continue to develop on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, especially in the Baltic countries, where the Russian-speaking population makes up a significant part, like the Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia at their time, however, they are also targeted by the discriminatory policy of the authorities. The source base was made up of the documents collected by the Czechoslovak researcher V. Kral and published by him in 1964. As part of these materials, a large group of sources can be distinguished, which make up materials at the meetings of the main leadership in the Sudeten German Home Front - the Sudeten German Party in the period from 1933 to 1937, early 1938 and the speech by the leader of the Sudeten German Party K. Heinlein. Since the early 1990s we can talk about the renaissance of the historiography of the Sudeten-German history, mainly due to the development of archives in Germany, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The First World War did not contribute to the resolution of national contradictions. After the end of the First World War the Sudeten Germans were also included in Czechoslovakia at the behest of the Entente. The Sudeten-German party of K. Henlein took an active position in this struggle. Summing up, the authors conclude that the question of the nature of Henlein movement is controversial. Henlein movement really resembled the Nazi party in Germany, but at the initial stage of its activity in 1933-1936. However, as the Czechoslovak authorities opposed, pressure from the Nazi party in Germany and the strengthening of the right-wing radical branch, the Sudeten German Party practically lost its characteristics and turned into an analogue of the National Socialist German Workers' Party. This fact largely predetermined the radical solution of the Sudeten-German question through the Munich agreements on September 29, 1938, when the border regions of Czechoslovakia were annexed to Germany. Undoubtedly, these agreements were in the interests of the majority of the Sudeten Germans, who, however, once again became victims of the big European politics.

The Exploration of the Integration of Party History Education into High School Ideological and Political Courses

The Exploration of the Integration of Party History Education into High School Ideological and Political Courses

地方党史资源融入高中思政课的路径研究

地方党史资源融入高中思政课的路径研究

Information Flow and Knowledge Management Strategies in the Digital Transformation of Party History and Party Building Education

Abstract In this paper, a relatively complete digital education management information system is established for the digital basic education resources involved in the field of basic education of Marxist theory to realize the digital transformation of party history and party-building education. Faced with a large amount of student data, the improved new BP model is utilized for integration, cataloging, and prediction. The data elements describing the resources are used as semantic tags to generate XLM documents in a standardized format, which enables the system to exchange data with other resource systems easily. It can be observed that the BP model accurately predicts and analyzes the shared learning behaviors of certain students with a prediction accuracy of 98% upon analysis. The educational management information system proposed in this paper can effectively identify potential risk-takers and categorize learning groups. The indicator of resource-sharing learning behavior has a significant effect on the learning effect of Marxist theory (P<0.05).

Analysis of the Characteristics of Narrative Types in Contemporary Chinese Political Discourses: Taking Xi Jinping’s Discourses on the History of the CPC as an Example

Based on the different contents, topics, and characteristics of the history of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Xi Jinping’s important discourses on the history of the CPC integrate three narrative types: philosophical narrative, historical narrative, and literary narrative. The integration of the three typical narrative types enables the important discourses on the history of the CPC to contain profound philosophical speculation, heavy historical connotation, and aesthetic and literary conception. The value and significance of exploring the narrative types of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on the history of the CPC lie in continuously strengthening the study of Marxist classic works and promoting the Sinicization of Marxism, improving the Party history narrators’ theoretical attainment and excellent traditional Chinese cultural literacy, actively participating in various forms of social practice activities, accumulating socialized discourse materials through close contact with people from different social classes, and enriching the “corpus” of discourses of the history of the CPC, thus making the narratives deeper and more concrete.