Participants In Economic Relations Research Articles

ГОСПОДАРСЬКО-ПРАВОВА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ ЗА НЕВИКОНАННЯ ЧИ НЕНАЛЕЖНЕ ВИКОНАННЯ ДОГОВІРНИХ ЗОБОВ’ЯЗАНЬ

The article covers the issue of legal liability for non-fulfillment of contractual obligations in the field of management. Issues of liability are regulated in accordance with current legislation — the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Commercial Code of Ukraine, and other regulations. They regulate the obligations of the parties to properly perform their obligations under the contract, which are guaranteed by measures of property liability imposed on the party that does not perform them to the other party or performs them improperly. The economic and legal responsibility depending on the types of economic offenses and the sanctions established for these offenses is investigated. For the first time in legislative practice, the Commercial Code of Ukraine proposed such a universal sanction as compensation for damages. Its universality lies in the fact that damages are not a sanction of a predetermined amount; their recovery (compensation) is provided in case of any economic offense, unless otherwise expressly provided by law. The article also provides a definition of non-pecuniary damage and the procedure for its compensation. The norm is new for economic legislation and it no longer applies to the offender, but to the injured party, ie the party in whose sphere of activity the losses occurred. The latter is obliged to take all necessary measures to minimize damages if it has been warned in a timely manner by the offender about the possible non-fulfillment of his obligation. Otherwise, the injured party is deprived of the right to compensation. The article covers the issue of joint and several compensation for damages caused by several participants in economic relations at the same time. The issue of voluntary compensation for damages, as well as the issue of filing claims and lawsuits were also considered.

Частные разновидности экономических дисфункций: экономико-правовые механизмы противодействия

The article examines the most harmful particular types of economic dysfunctions that significantly undermine the economic security of the Russian Federation. Using the method of deduction and retrospective technique,
 their negative impact on the micro- and macroeconomic development of
 the national economy is presented. The following forms of economic dysfunctions are proposed for consideration: inflation, dollarization and capital
 outflow. Demonstrated are the economic and legal mechanisms of counteracting them, indicating the progressive decriminalization and economic
 recovery. New types of economic dysfunctions have been identified that
 require a prompt response from the state and bona fide participants in economic relations.

ГОСПОДАРСЬКО-ПРАВОВІ ЗАСОБИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПАНДЕМІЧНИМ РИЗИКОМ

The article is devoted to the research of pandemic risk. Its characteristic features are considered: scale, inability to accurately determine the duration, compulsion, spontaneity, the ability to generate other types of risks, high losses, significant impact on the economy and individual businesses. It is concluded that pandemic risk is an objective-subjective category. The possibility of pandemic risk management at the macro- and microeconomic levels is proved. Pandemic risk management at the macroeconomic level is seen as a process aimed at identifying, identifying, assessing pandemic risk, which is carried out on the basis of constant exchange of information between risk assessors, risk managers, stakeholders, selection and implementation of relevant management (control) tools, including regulatory measures, impact on risk in order to avoid, control, minimize or distribute its consequences. Pandemic risk management at the microeconomic level is defined as the activities of economic entities aimed at analyzing, forecasting and assessing the probability of risk in uncertainty with the choice of preventive measures to minimize possible property losses, and in case of their occurrence – the distribution of such losses participants in economic relations, and in some cases, making a profit as a result of proper pandemic risk management. In the conditions of insufficiency of budgetary resources the most expedient for management of pandemic risk are economic and legal ways of indirect state support: changes to the legislation on regulation of economic activity; simplification of permitting and customs procedures; adoption of programs to overcome the negative economic consequences caused by the pandemic; moratorium on inspections of small and medium-sized businesses. Ways of direct state support – tax and customs preferences; exemptions from taxes and fees should be used sparingly. At the microeconomic level, the economic and legal ways of managing pandemic risk are the economic agreement and plans for economic development of the enterprise.

МІЖНАРОДНІ СТАНДАРТИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРАВА ДОСТУПУ ДО СУДУ УЧАСНИКАМ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН

Transformation and sustainable development of modern countries is not possible without providing all participants in economic relations with equal access to justice, which should be based on respect for fundamental rights, the Rule of Law, transparent courts and the effective administration of justice, guaranteeing public access to information about activity of commercial courts. The term "access to court" is a complex legal category based on several basic criteria, the simultaneous provision of which guarantees the actual observance of a person's right to access to justice, in particular: 1) financial, which provides for the obligation of the state to establish such an algorithm for determining the amount of court costs, which takes into account the property of the party and does not create obstacles to the exercise of the right to go to court, while acting as a safeguard against abuse of the right to go to; 2) territorial, which provides that the system of courts of general jurisdiction should be built taking into account the territorial structure of the state, with local courts, which consider all cases as courts of first instance, should be territorially as close as possible to the person; 3) organizational — provides for the optimal organization of the judicial system, which should be simple and, at the same time, clear and effective, in the context of access to court and the procedure for protection of individual rights. In addition, both the system of general courts as a whole and each individual court of general jurisdiction must be established and carry out their procedural activities in strict accordance with national law; 4) informational, according to which each state must legislate to inform its citizens and business entities about the procedure for going to court, about the conditions of providing certain categories of socially vulnerable citizens engaged in business activities, professional legal assistance provided by lawyers at the expense of the state, as well as the cur rent procedural rules; 5) procedural, which guarantees the administration of justice on the basis of the Rule of Law, as well as impartiality and impartiality of the court and judges, reasonable timeliness of court proceedings, publicity of proceedings and promulgation of court decisions, proper motivation and justification of court decisions, ensuring effective execution of court decisions and respect for final court decision; 6) quality of legislation, which imposes on the state the obligation to adopt legislation that meets the requirements of accessibility and predictability, so that each person has the opportunity to obtain adequate information about the circumstances of the application of legal norms in a particular case.

Глобальні міста в суб’єктній диспозиції Smart-економіки

Strengthening the intellectualization of the economy is an ongoing process that is rapidly accelerating in the new century. One of the important manifestations of this is the formation of Smart-economy, "smart" economy. An important aspect of the study of Smart-economy is to determine its subjective structure and assess the relationships and interdependence of participants in economic relations. New participants in global economic relations are global cities, for the assessment of which at the present stage are used not only indicators of economic efficiency, but also indicators of intellectual economy and well-being. The article identifies three main components of the Smart-economy: smart growth, which involves the development of the economy through the implementation of knowledge and innovation; stable and sustainable growth, which is formed through the rational use of available resources and increase the efficiency of these processes, which in turn can contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the economy; intensive growth provided by the achievement of a high level of employment, social and territorial capacity and cohesion. The main forms of manifestation of Smart-economy are defined: digitalization; institutionalization; management; greening; socialization; urbanization. The main elements of assessing the quality of global cities are the business environment, human capital, taxation, reputation, infrastructure, financial center development. The article analyzes the disposition of global cities in the structure of Smart-economy, criteria and indicators of their analysis, identifies the place of components of intellectualization and the current level of development of global cities. It is determined that at the present stage there is a formation not only of "global" cities, but also of "international" ones, which have a significant impact on the development of the region and determine its key trends.

Possibilities of application of digital tools by the organizations of sphere of services and trade in the Russian Federation

The majority of subjects of economic activity of the Russian Federation (including the enterprises of sphere of trade and services) in the conditions of development of digital economy are compelled to use in economic practice the most various tools based on modern information technologies and application of resources of the Internet. As the main reasons for the expansion of the set of digital solutions that are used by modern enterprises, we can call the change in the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, which predetermines the rules of organization and conduct of commercial operations by economic entities. Modern technologies are also used in the implementation of relations with government agencies (for example, in the framework of relations with the Federal tax service). The state expands the range of interaction with enterprises and organizations through electronic systems at different stages: it can be registration of an economic entity, submission of reporting forms on tax payments in order to implement the fiscal function of the state, request information about the counterparty through electronic systems to minimize the risks of economic activity. In addition to these facts, often modern information technologies and digital products are used by participants of economic relations voluntarily. In this case, their application can be aimed at optimizing business processes, ensuring rapid response to trends in the external environment and customer requests. The transformation of the sphere of trade and services under the influence of the expansion of the range of information technologies is ultimately focused not only on improving the efficiency of economic activities of individual economic entities. The introduction of digital solutions into economic practice qualitatively changes the processes of providing services, ultimately increasing the social efficiency of their economic activities.

Участие женщин России в STEM-бизнесе

The transformation of the fight for gender equality has led to a shift from the fight for equal rights to the fight for equality of opportunity. Provided by the laws the equal rights of men and women came across the existence of unwritten standards of proper behavior and occupations of women, “glass ceilingˮ, the existence of which is noticeable, but often unprovable. At the same time, technological development and universal informatization have created an era of digital economy in which women also have to take their place. The social status and capabilities of the individual in the digital age will depend on how well they have been able to adapt to changing technological conditions, educational requirements and skills. As a result of the analysis of the data, it was found that Russian women are full participants in economic relations and entrepreneurship. About one third of entrepreneurs in STEM business are women. In that sphere of business, there is gender differentiation and niches traditionally occupied by women: accounting services, advertising, textiles and food production, humanities and social sciences, biotechnology and medicine. The larger the business and the more employees it employs, the fewer women managers there are. The structure of business activities of men and women is similar to the educational structure of the population: technical specialties — male, humanitarian — female. In general, the analysis of the data leads to the conclusion that women’s participation in STEM business is insufficient.

Some aspects of the legal nature of virtual assets/cryptocurrencies in the conditions of global digitalization

Problem setting. Comprehensive digitalization of all spheres of life, as one of the most important factors of economic growth in any country, is the mainstream of the modern global world. Digital transformations in the economy are changing approaches to both the organization and conduct of economic activity and the format of its state regulation. The development of the digital economy is inextricably linked with the “digitalization” of a number of traditional objects and / or forms of interaction between participants in economic relations, as well as the emergence and active circulation of new objects whose existence is possible only in digital format (“ digital objects “). Virtual assets / cryptocurrency are one of such objects to which there has been a bivalent attitude since its appearance, and to the legal nature of which a unified approach has not been formed to date. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Among the researchers who in their works addressed the issue of the legal nature of virtual assets / cryptocurrency and transactions with it, it should be noted M.V. Grebenyuk, B.V. Derevyanko, I.M. Doronin, A.T. Kovalchuk, L.O. Nikitin, S.S. Pylypyshyn, V.A. Ustymenko and others. At the same time, a full-scale study of this issue, in particular from the standpoint of economic law, requires further legal, including economic and legal research. Target of research is to study the heterogeneous nature of virtual assets / cryptocurrencies in the context of digital transformations in the economy and modernization of domestic legislation. Article’s main body. In the context of global digitalization, the scale and pace of digital transformations associated with the emergence of new digital objects, their active involvement in civil, economic turnover and subsequent market turnover are growing. Virtual assets/cryptocurrency are one of the objects in relation to which there has been a bivalent attitude since its appearance, and in relation to the legal nature of which a unified approach has not been formed to date. This article discusses the first official explanations in Ukraine on the nature of virtual assets / cryptocurrencies, as well as the position of the Office of Effective Regulation (BRDO) and theoretical and legal approaches to this object. Qualification features are analyzed, which contains the legislative definition of “virtual asset”, which together represent its functional heterogeneity. Some issues related to the contractual basis for the circulation of virtual assets / cryptocurrencies are highlighted, and suggestions for further development of the current legislation on these facilities are provided. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Legislative legalization of the concept of “virtual assets” is an important step towards the legalization of the virtual assets market and the first stage of the institution of virtual assets, further development of which requires intensification of work on the development of relevant legislation on virtual assets. connection with the generation (issue) and circulation of virtual assets. At the same time, achieving a synergistic effect in the legal regulation of relations, the object of which are virtual assets/cryptocurrency, necessitates appropriate amendments to the Commercial and Civil Codes of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On e-commerce”, tax, investment legislation and more.

ФІНАНСОВИЙ СТАН БАНКУ ТА МЕТОДИ ЙОГО ОЦІНКИ В УКРАЇНІ

To ensure the effective functioning and development of the economy of any country, a stable banking system is necessary. The stability of the banking system affects the state of the economy and contributes to its growth, so the analysis of the financial condition of banking institutions is a priority function of state bodies that regulate the banking sector. Reliable and timely analysis of the Bank's financial condition is the key to making effective financial decisions on the part of owners, investors, partners, employees of the tax service and other participants in economic relations aimed at reducing costs, increasing profits and market value of the company. Regular analysis of the Bank's activities allows it to effectively manage active and passive operations in order to maximize profits and ensure a stable financial condition.The article considers approaches to the definition of the concept «financial condition of a Bank» that currently exist in the literature, and it is established that there are many opinions on the definition of the concept «financial condition of a Bank». But, despite the fact that the opinions of a number of authors coincide, this issue requires further study. The article discusses the main goals and objectives of the analysis of the Bank's financial condition. The main methods of analysis of the Bank's financial condition are defined. These include: coefficient analysis, rating analysis, mathematical and statistical models. A comparative analysis of the coefficients that are used to analyze the financial condition of the Bank, as well as the standards established by the National Bank of Ukraine. The most common rating model for assessing the Bank's financial condition – the American CAMELS system-is described.

Public administration and state regulation of economic activity in Ukraine: problems of legal regulation

Problem setting. The article deals with the problematic issues of legal regulation of economic activity in Ukraine. At the same time, attention is focused on the need to distinguish between such categories as “public administration” and “state regulation”. Analysis of recent researches and publications. In the doctrine of economic law the problems of determining the subject of economic and legal regulation, the legal status of participants in economic relations, the essence of organizational and economic relations have attracted attention, including at the level of individual monographs, such scientists as V. K. Mamutov, I. Yu. Krasko, I. A. Tanchuk, D. V. Zadykhailo, V. A. Ustimenko; V. B. Laptev, S. I. Bevz, O. M. Vinnyk, O. Yu. Illarionov, V. Nagrebelny, V.S Shcherbina, O. P. Vikhrov and others. However, even today the question of the sphere of relations that are the subject of economic and legal regulation, the relationship between the concepts of “economic management (economic activity)”, “organizational and economic relations” and “state regulation of economic activity”, and the understanding of individual researchers of organizational and economic relations that arise in the process of implementation of public administration and regulation of economic activity, as one of the types of economic relations, are insufficiently substantiated. Formulation of goals (purpose) of the article. The author of this article aims to determine: the scope of economic and legal regulation of public relations; relations that are covered by the concept of “organizational and economic relations” and are subject to regulation of commercial law; to differentiate “organizational and economic relations” arising from the management and regulation of economic activity. Article’s main body. It is noted that the subject of regulation of the Civil Code of Ukraine includes two groups of economic relations: (a) economic relations that arise in the process of organizing economic activity; (b) economic relations arising in the course of economic activity. Legal definition of organizational and economic relations (Part 6 of Article 3 of the Civil Code of Ukraine) is based on the categories of “organization” and “management” of economic activity. However, none of these concepts is defined by a codified act. It is established that public administration should be understood, first of all, as the activity of public authorities on the practical implementation of the political course. These activities should be based on appropriate procedures that should ensure its legitimacy and protect the legitimate rights of citizens from illegal actions by public authorities and their officials. In essence, public administration is derived, on the one hand, from political activity, on the other – from the political course and traditionally these activities. Conclusions. It is emphasized that the management of economic (commercial) activities includes forecasting, planning, financing, budgeting, taxation, lending, administration, accounting and control. The purpose of state regulation is to streamline the activities of business entities, provide economic processes with an organized nature, ensure compliance with laws, balance private and public interests, ensure public and state interests.

Evolution of economic cycles and determination of structural changes in the national economy

The role of state structural regulation of the national economy in the conditions of the high volatility of economic cycles is substantiated. The key parameters of the system of state regulation of the economy in terms of permanent structural transformation and cyclical national economy are defined as the following: efficiency, balance of interests of all participants in economic relations, socialization and greening of economic processes. The evolution of basic theories of cyclical economic development is studied, and their main features in terms of factor influence on cyclicity and structural transformations in the system of the national economy are determined. The scientific and methodological approach to determining the content of structural changes in the national economy is determined as a transition from one paradigm of development and economic growth to another paradigm more adequate to the global challenges and domestic demands faced by society. The author's definitions of the structural-economic conceptual-categorical apparatus that reflects the transformation processes in the cyclical economy are suggested, in particular: the structure of the national economy (structural basis); structural changes (transformation, shifts); structural policy; structural reform (restructuring); structural crisis. The cyclical development of the economy is characterized, which is often accompanied by such undesirable parameters as discreteness, uncertainty, chaos, which affects economic growth and resilience of the national economy to recession shocks. Timely structural reform is determined to be the only vector to prevent it, including ensuring the availability of developed domestic markets, high competitiveness of domestic companies in global markets, high level of solvency of domestic consumers and efficient structure of the national economy. These factors will help reduce the level of negative effects arising from market fluctuations.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРИКЛАДНІ АСПЕКТИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ В УМОВАХ СТРУКТУРНИХ ЗРУШЕНЬ В ЕКОНОМІЦІ

In recent decades, due to changes in production methods, the transition from social to post-capitalist, almost complete informatization of society, globalization, digitalization and other factors, there has been a sharp increase in the dynamism of the market environment with high relationships and significant uncertainty. Adapting to these conditions, the world economic system moves to a new market structure and re-forms the links between market participants and objects. Therefore, there is a need to review the main approaches to ensure the effective development of transport enterprises in the transportation market. After all, the high efficiency and adaptability of the enterprise to the challenges of the external environment is one of the main factors in ensuring its stable position in the market. Integration of railway transport enterprises into market working conditions is an integral part of their becoming effective participants in economic relations, because the change in workload, meeting the needs of other participants in the transportation process by the transport operator and other operational indicators of railway transport enterprises must meet market requirements and trends. Therefore, the formation of any logistics and management implementations in their work should be based on the relationship with the environment. Moreover, the dynamics of the external environment is not only in the form of influencing factors through economic, political, social and other components, but also is the main link in the formation of a competitive strategy for the development of the industry in which the company operates. In particular, the structure of the industry has a significant impact on the formation of competition rules and the delineation of potential strategic approaches to their development. Thus, the dynamic changes in the market environment, the struggle for the consumer by creating the product that the consumer wants to get, the growth of competition leads to the need to review all management activities of the enterprise. After all, management today is one of the most important factors in the effective functioning of the enterprise or company, and the formation of approaches to effective management will contribute to productive management and ensure a high level of competitiveness.

The role of digitalisation in the economy development of small innovative enterprises

Abstract The article presents an analysis of the role of digitalization of the system of economic relations as a factor in the development of small innovative enterprises. Particular attention is paid to issues of participation in digitalization of ineffective Russian participants in the system of economic relations at the level of municipalities. The foreign experience of the participation of municipalities in digitalization programs is examined, and a study is made of the correspondence of domestic experience to foreign advanced solutions. The reserves of growth of the Russian economy due to the institutionalization of municipalities as drivers of its growth are identified. The directions of using the digital environment for the integration of self-government bodies into processes and relations occurring within the framework of the innovation economy model are determined. Based on the results of the study, an IT toolkit was proposed to increase the economic efficiency of interaction between local authorities and other institutional participants in economic relations in Russia.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ВІДСОТКОВИМ РИЗИКОМ У СИСТЕМІ БАНКІВСЬКОГО РИЗИК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ

Theoretical issues of the impact of interest rate risk on the basic activities of the bank and its management in the system of bank risk management have been studied. The most significant banking risks are necessarily related to the level of interest rates. The formation of reserves is a systemically important measure to insure the bank's risks, so a general dynamic analysis of the reserves of a particular bank have been done. It have been determined that the bank is exposed to significant risk from the negative impact of fluctuations in the dominant levels of market interest rates on its financial condition and cash flows, primarily from lending and deposit activities. The results of the analysis of interest rate risk on maturities of financial instruments and on the terms of interest rate revision agreements showed a high level of sensitivity of bank assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates, the presence of significant interest rate risk, which resulted in a decrease in reserves, which, however, allowed bank to stay in the profit zone. Methods of preventing interest rate risk in the credit, deposit and investment risks of the bank, including limitation, provisioning, risk allocation by transferring it to other participants in economic relations in the process of lending, diversification, insurance, and lobbying of corporate interests, improving information security and system approach have been considered. It have been special emphasized on controlling, which serves as a system of information-analytical and methodological support for heads of banking departments in the process of interest rate risk management. Models of corporate risk management in the financial and banking sphere have been described. It have been emphasized on the fact that society takes an active part in the risk management process, producing public opinion. The key elements of the mechanisms of internal control of interest rate risk in the bank have been identified, in particular: adequate distribution of responsibilities; independent inspections; compliance with the type and level of risks; reliability of reporting; adequate compliance procedures.

Carrier as a subject of contractual obligations to provide transport services

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of as a subject of contractual obligations for the provision of transport services. Its relevance is due to the fact that, taking into account the European integration vector of our state, the legislation of Ukraine, including in the field of contractual regulation of transport services, must go the way of maximum approximation to European standards. In this context, reference should be made to the Interinstitutional Agreement between the European Parliament, the Council of the EU and the EU Commission on general guidelines for quality assurance in the design of Community legislation of 22 December 1998 (1999 / C 73/01), the preamble to which states that clear, simple and clear drafting of legislation by the members of the Community is necessary, as such acts must be transparent and understandable to the public and participants in economic relations; concepts or terminology specific to any legal system should be used with caution. It is important that the terminology is stable, uniform both within such an act and in the whole array of existing acts, in particular those relating to one area of regulation. Identical concepts should be expressed in the same terms as far as possible, without deviating from their meaning in ordinary, legal or technical language. Given this, the analysis through the prism of the established requirements of the conceptual apparatus, which is used in the legislation of Ukraine in the regulation of contractual relations for the provision of transport services. The purpose of the study is to formulate the concept and define the legal requirements for the as a subject of contractual obligations to provide transport services in accordance with international and law of Ukraine, distinguishing the concept of with other closest concepts. The concept of in international regulations and legislation of Ukraine is clarified and legal definitions are classified into two groups: 1) in the content of which attention is focused on the object of transportation; 2) in the content of which the object of transportation and the type of transport are indicated. Based on the analysis of special features inherent exclusively to the the model concept of the is proposed: “The is a natural or legal person who has entered into a contract of carriage, owns or otherwise legally owns vehicles and this type of transportation requires its receipt . The main requirements to the as a subject of contractual obligations for the provision of transport services are formulated: 1) it is a party to the contract of carriage, which undertakes to provide transport services on a paid contractual basis; 2) it is a person who on the basis of ownership or other legal grounds owns a vehicle and carries out its operation; 3) obtaining a license, if the implementation of this type of transportation requires its receipt. The concepts of national carrier, carrier, consecutive carrier, substitute carrier are distinguished. The content of the terms carrier and substitute carrier has been found to be identical. The introduction of the concept of the actual is associated with the definition of the liability of the as a party to the contract. In cases where all or part of the carriage is entrusted to the actual the under the contract remains responsible for all carriage. It is argued that the may transfer the performance of the contract of carriage to the actual only in cases where this is established in the content of the contract of carriage. The successive in contrast to the actual is a party to the contract of carriage and, as a rule, is responsible for the part of the carriage that he performed.

Implementation of International Legal Principles for Judicial Remedy Of Participants in Economical Relations as a Warranty for Sustainable Development of Ukraine

The article systemizes the Fundamental principles for activity of judicial authorities, which are formulated in different leading international acts and discovers their legal essence. It is proved that the implementation of the international legal principles of the judicial remedy in the national legislation of Ukraine is a warranty not only to ensure the proper protection of the rights for participants in economic relations but also the sustainable development of the entire state.The author of the article analyzes the progress in implementation of the international legal principles of judicial remedy in the national legislation of Ukraine within the framework of judicial and legal reform, which was conducted in 2016, and sets out the proposals, aimed at improving the situation in the field of extrajudicial dispute settlement (mediation). Keywords: principles of judicial remedy, sustainable development, participant in economical relations, access to court, independent court, fair trial, effectiveness of judicial protection, mediation.

ЦІННІСНИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ЯК ФЕНОМЕН МОРАЛЬНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ

The article analyzes the principles of studying the phenomenon of value management, which makes it possible to reveal its essence, structural elements, functions, as well as to investigate its nature and place in the system of relations. Thus, value management is considered from the standpoint of economic theory, socio-psychological research, linguistic and praxeological approach. The features, structural elements, functions are singled out, the interpretative field of research is outlined. The role of value management in the process of self-identification of participants of economic relations is emphasized. The existence of certain moral, axiological and creative potential of value management has been found out. It is defined as a dynamic system of material and spiritual values, norms and stereotypes of behavior that are inherent to the employees of the organization at all levels of its hierarchy, are transmitted by policy and traditional methods, form the image of the organization and its members, and in a certain way influence the nature of the realization of its goals. It acts as a complex social phenomenon, that in some way organizes industrial relations as a specific mode of socially significant activity. Value management performs a coordinating role due to established norms and standards of organizational behavior, the main values in the organizational environment. The study of the interpretation field, the structure and options for the introduction of value management in business relations can contribute to a significant deepening of the understanding of the essence of man and society economic life. It is noted that the problem of value management in business communication is one of the most important among those that are actualized in the course of modern civilizational transformations. This phenomenon is inseparable from the sociodynamic processes of realization of expedient activity of people, which finds expression in the multifaceted orientation of social practice and occupational employment. In the conditions of development of the main directions of a market economy in Ukraine and the expansion of international relations, value management acts as a sociocultural basis for the sustainable development of organizations and as a factor that optimizes socially meaningful activity, promotes the adaptation and positioning of an individual or collective in the system of economic relations.

Formation and development of the Donetsk scientific School of economic law and its branch scientific school Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University

In the article the basic stages of formation and development of the Donetsk scientific School of economic law and its branch in Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University are presented by the leading conceptual ideas that received the justification in scientific writings of the representatives of the scientific school. Named representatives of the first generations of the Donetsk scientific School of economic law, who stood at the origins of legal concepts. Considered the way of the formation of branch of this school in the Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University and presented by scientists and companies that contribute to the development of such a cell.Characterized the present state of scientific achievements and the composition of the representatives of the cell specified scientific school in the Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University. Attention was paid to the continuity of research between different generations of scientific school with regard to contemporary economic, political and legal realities.Outlined the prospect activity branch of the Donetsk scientific School of economic law in the Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, associated with the achievement of the goal of strengthening the system of legal remedies, designed to ensuring equal conditions, stability and efficiency of management for all participants of economic relations, satisfaction and protection of the interests of such participants to ensure the growth of business activity subjects, ensuring consistency and coordination of business entities, their interest in entrepreneurship development and on this basis to ensure the efficiency of social production, its social orientation

CORRUPTION AS A THREAT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE

Purpose: in the article the contemporary challenges and threats to Ukraine’s economic security were considered. The corruption risks that can adversely influence on the economic security are identified. The possible ways of it’s eliminating are determined. Methods: a set of general and special methods of scientific knowledge – the terminology, logical-semantic, functional, system-structural, logical and normative. Results: it is revealed that the current criminogenic situation in Ukraine is a qualitatively new phenomenon, that threatens to the national, including economic security. Corruption risks and threats are form the basis for the spread of economic organized criminality, the growth of the «shadow economics». Such problems need more advanced counteraction technologies. Among the priority measures to overcome corruption are the active de-shadowing of the economy, which involves: the identification and elimination of the economic basis of organized criminality in the most profitable strategic areas (budget, tax, foreign-economic, credit and bank); the establishing an effective mechanism for the return of illegally obtained (shrouded) funds (assets); upbringing the proper level of social, including the legal culture of all participants in economic relations. Discussion: the ways to limit corruption risks and threats for the effective functioning of objects of critical infrastructure and for the ensuring economic security of the state as a whole.

USING ESCROW ACCOUNTS AND TARGET PROJECT EMISSIONS AS A NON-INFLATIONARY METHOD OF FINANCING INVESTMENT PROJECTS

The article is devoted to the development of mechanisms for monetary policy aimed at accelerated economic growth in Russia. It proves the need for a differentiated approach to determining the conditions of access to financial resources for different categories of participants in economic relations. To finance investment projects, it was proposed to use the target project emission mechanism using escrow accounts. Particular attention is paid to the exclusion of risks of inflation. Thus, the target project issue mechanism allows creating an additional non-inflationary project and investment money channel in the economy, developing an approach underlying the modern multi-channel transmission mechanism of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia.