Participation In Different Types Research Articles

Pupils Participation in a Technology-Rich Environment: A Study of Pupil Perspective on Learners’ and Teachers’ Roles

It has been argued that participation as involvement as well as taking part in decision making is a fundamental part of learning. The first large arena for experiencing this for many young people is the school. This paper investigates how 16 pupils at grade eight view their own and their teacher’s role when it comes to facilitating participation. The pupils are interviewed the semester after a long researcher led participation project and the interviews are analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis identifies four different types of participation from the pupils’ responses. These four types can be connected to passive and active participation as well as participation as involvement and participation as influence.

Does Online Community Participation Contribute to Medication Adherence? An Empirical Study of Patients with Chronic Diseases.

Effectively improving the medication adherence of patients is crucial. Past studies focused on treatment-related factors, but little attention has been paid to factors concerning human beliefs such as trust or self-efficacy. The purpose of this study is to explore the following aspects of patients with chronic diseases: (1) The relationship between emotional support, informational support, self-efficacy, and trust; (2) the relationship between self-efficacy, trust, and medication adherence; and, (3) whether chronic patients’ participation in different types of online communities brings about significant statistical differences in the relationships between the abovementioned variables. A questionnaire survey was conducted in this study, with 452 valid questionnaires collected from chronic patients previously participating in online community activities. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling analysis showed that emotional support and informational support positively predict self-efficacy and trust, respectively, and consequently, self-efficacy and trust positively predict medication adherence. In addition, three relationships including the influence of emotional support on trust, the influence of trust on medication adherence, and the influence of self-efficacy on medication adherence, the types of online communities result in significant statistical differences. Based on the findings, this research suggests healthcare professionals can enhance patients’ self-efficacy in self-care by providing necessary health information via face-to-face or online communities, and assuring patients of demonstrable support. As such, patients’ levels of trust in healthcare professionals can be established, which in turn improves their medication adherence.

OBSTETRİK BRAKİAL PLEKSUS PARALİZİSİNDE FARKLI YARALANMA TİPLERİNE SAHİP OLAN OKUL ÖNCESİ YAŞTAKİ ÇOCUKLARDA AKTİVİTE VE KATILIM

Purpose: Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) causes various disorders in the musculoskeletal system. Studies investigating activity and participation in different types of injury are limited. This study aimed to determine the activity and participation levels of preschool children with different injury types of OBPP.Methods: The 112 children with OBPP, aged between 44 and 77 months, were included. The children were grouped according to the Narakas Classification System: Type 1 (n=7), Type 2 (n=91), Type 3 (n=2), and Type 4 (n=12). Both Type 3 and Type 4 represented a total brachial plexus injury. The Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) was used to evaluate activity and participation.Results: Narakas Type 1 and Type 2 had similarly high scores in PODCI Global (p<0.001), and PODCI Upper Extremity (p<0.001), Pain/Comfort (p<0.001), and Sport (p<0.001) subscales as compared with Narakas Type 3/4. In the PODCI Happiness subscale, Narakas Type 1 had the highest score, followed by lower scores of Narakas Type 2 and Type 3/4 (p<0.001).Conclusion: Preschool children with total OBPP had lower levels of activity and participation, less use of their arm in daily living activities, and express a lower level of sport participation compared to those with upper plexus injuries (Narakas Type 1 and Type 2). As activity and participation problems persist or even got worse as the children grow, it is essential to evaluate both activity and participation, particularly in those with total plexus injuries, in preschool age and preferably earlier.

Gender differences in civic and political engagement and participation among Italian young people

A substantial amount of literature has revealed gender gaps in political participation. However, little is known about such gaps when using more comprehensive measures of civic and political participation including online participation. In the present study, we recruited a sample (n = 1792) of young people living in Italy. Controlling for age, majority/minority status, socioeconomic status, respondents’ educational attainment, and parents’ educational attainment, we found that female participants reported higher scores on online and civic participation, while male participants were more likely to report political and activist participation. The effect size for these gender differences was small. In addition, we did not find any gender differences in voting behavior in the last European parliamentary elections, national parliamentary elections, and local elections. These findings highlight the need to move toward a more comprehensive and detailed picture of gender gaps in political engagement and participation including different types of participation.

Exploring Familiarity and Participation in Online Gig Economy Among Indonesians

Online gig economy has been rapidly growing and shown a promising prospect in Indonesia, but little is known about familiarity and participation of Indonesians in this new business model. This study tries to fill that gap in literature by exploring familiarity and participation in four different types of online gig economy, i.e. transportation-based service (TS), professional service (PS), asset-sharing (AS), and handmade goods, household, and miscellaneous services (HGHM) among Indonesians based on an online survey of 385 participants. The primary data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and logistic regression models to show that most Indonesians are TS gig users whereas PS is the most preferred category by Indonesian gig workers. This study found some differences in characteristics of gig users and gig workers in different categories of online gig economy. Most notably, it suggests the existence of sexual, generational, geographical, and socioeconomic gaps among Indonesians when it comes to their participation in different types of online gig economy. Despite the high participation rate in the online gig economy, the familiarity rate in both the concept and the term "online gig economy" is relatively low. The findings from this study can shed light and serve as a steppingstone for further research on the online gig economy as a new business model and dig deeper into its potential in Indonesia

Measuring Sports' Perceived Benefits and Aggression-Related Risks: Karate vs. Football.

Little is known about people’s perceived benefits and risks of sports, despite their role in shaping people’s intentions to engage in them. Here, we developed and tested a scale to measure perceived physical, emotional, cognitive, and social benefits as well as aggression-related risks of karate and football. Additionally, we compared these perceptions within and between these two sports, as well as among undergraduates with current/former participation in different types of physical activity (viz., martial artists, team sports players, participants in other types of physical activity, and non-participants). After a literature review, we created a 5-factor scale with 20 items administered to 184 undergraduates, along with questions about physical activity participation. After removing five items, confirmatory factor analyses supported the factor structure of the scale. Factor loadings and reliability indices were acceptable, though less than desirable results were found concerning the average variance extracted of all benefits dimensions and the reliability of the social benefits dimension. Analyses of variance showed that: (a) physical benefits were seen as the salient outcomes of karate and football, though martial artists perceived karate’s physical, emotional, and social benefits to the same extent; (b) in comparison to football, karate was perceived to bring more emotional and cognitive benefits and to entail less aggressiveness risks; (c) karate and football perceptions varied as a function of participant’s involvement in physical activity. This study presents a promising instrument to gather information on people’s perceptions about karate and football, which can be used to foster people’s engagement in them.

Resilience predictors for older adults in Tomsk region

In this article, we analyze the resilience of older adults and its probable predictors. Among predictors that affect the individual level of a person’s resilience in older age, we consider the participation in different types of activities and personal coping strategies to respond to challenges through the life-course. The article presents the results of a correlation analysis of resilience with the financial, consumer and labor behavior of older adults. We have revealed that the types of financial and consumer behavior, information and communication practices significantly differ for individuals with different resilience levels. Constructive coping with the new conditions and requirements for the well-being allows older adults to maintain a high level of resilience and participation in society. Older people, focused on mastering new skills for a successful life in a changing world, have high indicators of resilience, focus on self-confidence, energy, preventive overcoming of difficulties, have low rates of catastrophic situations.

The right mix: Residential urban green-blue space combinations are correlated with physical exercise in a tropical city-state

Growing recognition of nature’s benefits to many aspects of human wellbeing has prompted the incorporation of both urban green and blue natural outdoor environments (NOEs) into cities. Amongst the many purposes of NOEs, promotion of physical exercise has been garnering interest, given the increasingly sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. However, studies rarely consider how different types of NOEs, let alone the combination of them, might affect the type and frequency of physical exercise conducted by urban residents. We use Singapore, a highly urbanised tropical nation with a considerable number of NOEs, as a case-study to address these gaps. We used a market research survey (n = 1519), geographic information systems, and generalised linear regression models to investigate the relationship between residential NOE cover, exercise-influencing sociodemographic factors, and outdoor exercise choice (i.e., if respondents exercised or not) and frequency of four types of physical exercises: walking, individual-based, team-sports, and overall exercise. For exercise choice, more people walked in areas with higher forest and scrub cover, and less in areas with just scrub. Less conducted individual-based exercise in areas with high unmanaged vegetation cover, and more conducted team-sports in areas with higher open-canopy managed vegetation cover. Amongst those who engaged in these exercises, managed vegetation cover is positively correlated with walking (open- and closed-canopy combined) and team-sports (open-canopy) frequency. Individual-based exercise frequency rose in areas with a mix of high open-canopy managed vegetation and blue space cover within 250 m from one’s home, and a mix of high managed treescape and forest cover 500 m from one’s home. Findings suggest that a specific mix of NOEs can promote the participation of different types of physical exercise. Integrating the right NOE types and combinations into urban residential spaces may thus help to mitigate sedentary lifestyles, boosting public health outcomes in city populations.

"금수저와 흙수저의 정치참여: 계층이동성 인식에 따른 정치참여 양식의 차이를 중심으로"

"금수저와 흙수저의 정치참여: 계층이동성 인식에 따른 정치참여 양식의 차이를 중심으로"

Social participation and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults: Emotional social support as a mediator

Previous studies have documented the protective effects of social participation on depression in older adults. In this study, we investigated the association between social participation and depressive symptoms and the associated gender difference in older adults. In addition, we explored the mediating role of emotional social support in the association between social participation and depressive symptoms. We collected data from 4751 community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above from the Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS) conducted in 2017 and 2018. The relationship between social participation (participation in different types of activities, frequency of participation, and the number of activities participated) and the risk for depressive symptoms was examined. Older adults who participated in social activity, volunteer work, and donation had decreased risk of depressive symptoms. More frequent and more diverse participation in activities further reduced the risk. Overall, women benefited more from social participation than men. Importantly, emotional social support significantly mediated the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms. Social participation was associated lower odds for depression in older adults, particularly in older women. Our findings provided one of very few pieces of evidence that documents the mediating role of emotional social support in the relationship between social participation and depression among the elderly.

Associations between physical activity types and reaching the physical activity guidelines: The FinHealth 2017 Study.

Physical activity (PA) guidelines for adults recommend to both aerobic and muscle-strengthening exercise. We aimed to report prevalence of adults reaching these guidelines and further study associations of types of physical activities with the PA guidelines. In a national FinHealth 2017 Study, adults (18+ years, n=5335) reported participation in different types of physical activities in summer and winter, in duration of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic PA, and frequency of muscle-strengthening PA. Logistic regression analysis was used, adjusting for age, education, and self-rated health, stratified into age-groups of 18-64years and 65+ years by gender. PA guidelines were reached in the age-group of 18-64years by 42% of men and 39% of women and in the age-group of 65+ years by 26% of men and 20% of women. Walking, cleaning and maintenance work, and stair climbing were the most popular PA types throughout the year. Workout and muscle-strengthening exercises were consistently associated with 3-8 times higher odds for reaching the PA guidelines across age, gender, and season. Other PA types (eg, jogging, swimming, skiing, gardening, or stair climbing) had more varied associations with the PA guidelines across gender, age, and season. Our data suggest that only certain conditioning activity types associate with reaching PA guidelines. Findings indicate that future interventions could more specifically use information on gender and age variation in the PA types, to find solutions for low physical activity in the population.

På sporet af en legende og multi-modal literacypraksis i vuggestuen

Artiklen beskriver og analyserer, hvorvidt metoden Leg en bog bidrager til småbørns tilegnelse af tidlige literacy kompetencer. Fokus er rettet på, hvordan krop og leg understøtter børnenes deltagelse og tilegnelse af tidlig literacy gennem Leg en bog som literacy-praksis, dvs. social kontekst for literacy. Leg en bog belyses i relation til implementeringen af den styrkede pædagogiske læreplan i Danmark, som netop sætter legen i centrum for en nyorientering af daginstitutionspædagogikken. Analysen tager udgangspunkt i et kvalitativt casestudie i en dansk vuggestue (daginstitution for 0–3-årige børn) i efteråret 2018. Ud fra registreringsanalyse og narrative fortolkninger af en videoobservation af Leg en bog diskuteres det, om og hvordan metoden kan bidrage til børns literacy-kompetencer og dannelse, og hvordan metoden kan fungere som ramme for pædagogens guidning af børn ind i legens univers. Artiklen tager afsæt i et bredt, socio-kulturelt og multi-modalt literacy-begreb og indkredser, hvilken betydning leg og kropslige tilgange har for småbørns tilegnelse af tidlig literacy. På baggrund af 3 kategorier for deltagelse i leg analyseres børnenes kropslige og verbale deltagelsesformer i den observerede literacy-praksis. Desuden belyser artiklen, hvordan pædagogens deltagelse og sensitive justeringer i situationen bliver garant for børnenes deltagelse i den fælles meningsskabende legesituation.

The Contribution of Organised Leisure-Time Activities in Shaping Positive Community Health Practices among 13-and 15-Year-Old Adolescents: Results from the Health Behaviours in School-Aged Children Study in Italy.

Background and Objective: Participation in organised out-of-school leisure-time activities (OLTAs) has been shown to have a positive impact on community health practices and to lessen inequities in social and environmental opportunities among youths. According to the social capital theory, OLTAs foster bridging ties that allow individuals to forge new, wider-ranging social connections, increasing social integration and opportunities for identity-related exploration. This study aimed to describe participation in different types of OLTAs and its association with perceived life satisfaction, physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and drunkenness in a representative sample of youths. Methods: A representative sample of 11-, 13- and 15-year-old students (n = 47,799) was recruited throughout all Italian regions within the Italian 2013/2014 Health Behaviours in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Data were collected according to the HBSC study protocol. Participants were compared on outcomes according to OLTA participation type (i.e., non-sport, sport-only, and mixed vs. no-OLTA). In accordance with the study sampling procedures, hierarchical logistic regression models were used. Results: Participation in OLTAs was significantly associated with high life satisfaction in all ages (sport-only: odds ratio (OR) = 1.67, 1.48 and 1.55 for 11- 13- and 15-year-olds; mixed: OR = 1.95, 1.60 and 1.45, respectively). Youths participating in OLTAs were more likely to meet physical activity recommendations and report lower rates of tobacco use and drunkenness. Conclusions: Participation in OLTAs showed a favourable impact on health behaviours. Thus, community organisations and clubs, whether supported by public investments, could contribute to the enhancement of beneficial health practices, by engaging and serving the community as a whole and further reducing inequities in both social and environmental opportunities.

Research on visual behavior characteristics and cognitive evaluation of different types of forest landscape spaces

BackgroundWith the increasing demand for forest tourism and forest leisure space in recent years, providing a high-quality forest landscape space to participants has become an increasingly important topic for designers and managers of forest parks. Main purposeTo clarify differences in the visual behavior characteristics and psychological cognitive evaluation of participants when viewing different types of forest landscape spaces and to explore the relationship between them in order to identify the psychological evaluation factors that affect visual behavior. This analysis will provide a theoretical basis and a basis for the construction and reconstruction of forest park landscape spaces, even for new forests in the future. MethodsThis study used eye-tracking technology and cognitive questionnaires for participants. ANOVA and Spearman's rho correlation analysis in SPSS 23.0 were used to statistically analyze the data. Main results1. There are differences in participants' visual behavior, especially in visual spans, when participants appreciate different types of forest landscape spaces. The visual span of forest waterscape space is small, while the visual span of in-forest landscape space is large. 2. There are differences in participants' psychological cognitive evaluations of different types of forest landscape spaces. The forest waterscape space is evaluated highly on multiple indicators, especially for dynamic water space, whereas for in-forest landscape space, participants also pay attention to unique or interesting landscape elements, with the exception of color and plants. 3. There are correlations between the mean visual span, mean pupil diameter and psychological cognitive evaluation of participants in different types of forest landscape spaces. When people admire scenes with diverse plant species, rich landscape content, good landscape depth and permeability, rich and bright color, open and tidy spaces, and good landscape permeability and layering, their mean pupil diameter and lateral and portrait visual span are small. Based on the above analysis, we recommend that when planning and designing forest landscape space, we should consider not only the characteristics of different types of landscape spaces and their visual and cognitive effects for participants but also the combination of some iconic elements or interesting landscape elements.

Halk Eğitim Kurslarına Katılan Bireylerin Rekreatif Etkinliklere Katılımları İle Yaşam Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişkinin Incelenmesi: Afyonkarahisar İli Örneği

Bu araştırmanın amacı; halk eğitim kurslarına katılan bireylerin rekreatif etkinliklere katılımları ile yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelenmektir. Araştırmanın evrenini Afyonkarahisar il merkezinde bulunan halk eğitim merkezi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklem gurubunu ise; halk eğitim merkezine çeşitli kurslara katılan 176 sı kadın, 28 erkek toplam 204 kursiyer oluşturmuştur. Bireylere rekreatif etkinliklere katılım ölçeği ve dünya sağlık örgütünün yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin kısa formu uygulanmıştır. Veriler SSPS paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel istatistik yöntemleri (frekans, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma) pearson korelasyon katsayısı ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Rekreatif etkinliklere katılımla yaşam kalitesi arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bireylerin kurslara katılım amaçlarıyla ölçekler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelediğimizde iş bulmak amaçlı kurslara katılan bireyler arasında ve boş zamanları değerlendirmek amacıyla kurslara katılanlar arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak; Farklı türlerdeki rekreatif etkinliklere katılım artıkça yaşam kalitesinde pozitif yönde artış olduğu görüldü. Halk eğitim merkezlerindeki kurslara katılan bireylerin kurslara katılım amaçlarının daha çok iş bulmak ve boş zamanlarını değerlendirmek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

La sociedad civil y la Agenda 2030. Una evaluación de la implementación de las acciones de los ODS en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

La coordinación entre múltiples centros para la toma de decisiones y los tipos de actores, en todas las escalas y sectores, resulta fundamental para mejorar la efectividad de la implementación de la Agenda 2030 y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS). Tal desafío es especialmente crucial para los acuerdos metropolitanos en los países en desarrollo donde la capacidad del Estado se muestra débil y las personas, a menudo, carecen de recursos para actuar sobre los problemas a los que deben enfrentarse. En el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, varios centros de toma de decisiones implementan acciones para abordar problemas públicos relativos a políticas a través de la coordinación con organizaciones del tercer sector. En principio, la coordinación debería conducir a una mejor implementación de políticas; sin embargo, sabemos muy poco acerca de cómo se comporta el sistema y de sus resultados. En este artículo, analizamos tres cuestiones: primero, observamos la distribución de las acciones de los ODS implementadas por los actores del sistema; segundo, estudiamos la participación de diferentes tipos de organizaciones de la sociedad civil en el desarrollo de dichas acciones; finalmente, exploramos la asociación de la participación de la sociedad civil y la efectividad de la implementación de políticas.

Understanding minimum and ideal factor levels for participation in physical activities by people with haemophilia: An expert elicitation exercise.

The benefits of physical activity (PA) for people with haemophilia (PWH) may include improvements in joint, bone and muscle health. However, the factor VIII activity level required to avoid a bleeding episode associated with PA is unknown. To elicit the opinion of clinical experts on the minimum level and ideal factor VIII activity ('level') required to avoid a bleeding episode during participation in different types of PA for PWH. Based on the 2017 National Hemophilia Foundation PA descriptions, clinical experts estimated a minimally acceptable and an ideal factor level at which a bleed could be avoided. The uncertainty around estimates was quantified using an approach to construct a probability distribution to represent expert opinion. Minimum and ideal factor level increased with higher risk PA, whether or not joint morbidity was present, as did the experts' uncertainty in their estimates (ie the range between lowest and highest estimates for minimum and ideal levels). Mean minimum levels ranged from 4% to 48% for low to high risk for people without joint morbidity, and from 7% to 47% for those with joint morbidity. For ideal factor levels, corresponding figures were 9%-52% and 12%-64%, respectively. To support a patient-centric outcome, expert opinion indicates that the clinical norm of 0.01IU/mL (1%) trough level is insufficient. It is anticipated that introducing a more targeted approach to meet the needs of patients who are increasingly physically active will benefit patients further in addition to recent treatment advances.

Combining the best of both worlds? Party members and citizens’ initiatives in Belgium

ABSTRACT The linkage function of political parties is put under pressure the last few decades (testified by increased electoral volatility and decline in party membership). As a result, it is assumed that citizens increasingly seek for other forms of participation, especially in their own neighborhood. These so-called ‘citizen initiatives’ are not organized by the political elite and they have no (formal) affiliations with political parties. But this ‘transformation thesis’ is questioned by the ‘pluralization thesis’ that assumes that party members combine different types of participation (including engagement in citizen initiatives). In this paper, we estimate whether party members are pursuing their goals (also) with other means than party membership, or whether citizen initiatives constitute a complete distinct form of participation. In addition, we investigate which factors at the individual (e.g. resources) and party level (e.g. ideology) correlate with participation behaviour. We rely on data gathered in recent party member surveys in five Belgian political parties. We find that that distinctions between types of participation are less clear-cut than often assumed, and that a considerable number of citizens act as ‘civic omnivores’ combining different types of participation (supporting the pluralization thesis). This is especially true for members of green parties.

The Differential Impact of Religion on Political Activity and Community Engagement

Many religions have an ethos of community betterment that can spur their members to contribute to society in meaningful ways. Yet much of the literature on religion and politics tends to focus on how places of worship increase explicitly partisan activities like voting or donating to a political campaign. Does religion affect community engagement in the same ways that it does political participation? A unique research design executed in Little Rock, Arkansas, USA brings together religious data on individual beliefs and behaviors, clergy messaging, and congregation culture to examine religion's effects on both political activity and community engagement. The results demonstrate that religion influences both types of behaviors, but not always in the same ways. For instance, it appears as though many congregations tend to develop cultures that encourage either community engagement or political activity, rather than both, with Black Protestant churches as an exception. Additionally, individuals that hold providential religious beliefs tend to have higher levels of community engagement but lower levels of political activity. These findings indicate that religion influences different types of participation differently.

Structure of International Service Trade in Global Value Chains: Forward and Backward Linkages of Russia’s Participation

Intensive globalization of production processes along with active internationalization of companies have created new opportunities for developing countries to participate in global value chains (GVC). Participation in GVCs makes it possible to analyze the contribution of individual industries to world trade at the level of countries and sectors.Aim. This paper aims to assess the growth of Russia’s participation in international service trade over the past years in a number of non-material sectors of the economy from the perspective of upgrading in GVCs and the associated positive dynamics in value adding processes.Objectives. The author examines the dynamics of Russia’s participation in service industries; analyzes the relationship between innovation activity and different types of participation in GVCs; identifies the current trends in the dynamics of Russia’s participation in the GVCs of non-material industries.Methods. This study uses the generalized least squares method to perform a regression analysis of panel data form 10 service industries for 2005–2015 and analyze the relationship between different types of Russia’s participation in the GVCs of service industries and innovation activity.Results. The relationship between innovation activity and different types of participation in GVCs is statistically proven. There was identified a general upward trend in Russia’s participation in international service trade. At the same time, the results of the analysis emphasize the importance of additional stimulation of innovation activity in order to increase Russia’s forward participation in international service trade and enable further upgrading in GVCs.