Participation In Different Types Research Articles

Rights and obligations in civil society organizations: learning active citizenship in Turkey

This is a comparative analysis of whether and how participation in different types of civil society organizations (CSOs) enable an environment for the learning of active citizenship practices. Active citizenship is conceptualized and defined around three dimensions: civic action, social cohesion and self-actualization. The potential to transform citizenship practices is critical to the Turkish context where, rooted in its strong state tradition, citizenship has been conceptualized and practiced in a passive manner. CSOs in Turkey have burgeoned over the past two decades and provide an important space to pursue a wide range of interests and provide services. This study is an in depth analysis of participant experiences in six CSOs in Istanbul. The study distinguishes between CSOs based on indicators that are expected to create variation in how the participant is engaged. CSOs are classified as either rights or obligations based, membership or volunteer based, and finally based on their types of activities. This article presents results on the effect of participation in rights vs. obligations-based CSOs on the development of active citizenship practices.

Análisis de la relación entre disciplinas a través del uso de tesis doctorales. El caso de Televisión, Radio, Cine y Fotografía en España

El presente trabajo propone un nuevo método de análisis de la interdisciplinariedad a partir de la medición de la participación académica en las tesis doctorales en diferentes disciplinas. Metodología: Para construir las relaciones interdisciplinares se utilizan las tesis doctorales y las relaciones que se producen a partir de las direcciones de tesis y coparticipación en tribunales. Como muestra se utilizan las tesis doctorales defendidas en España en Comunicación Audiovisual (Televisión, Radio, Cine y Fotografía) en el periodo 1976-2007. El Escalamiento Multidimensional nos permite generar una representación bidimensional de las especialidades estudiadas, calcular distancias y cuantificar el grado de error de la representación. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran cómo se producen dos grupos diferenciados, por una parte Televisión y Radio, en segundo lugar, Cine y Fotografía. Televisión es la especialidad más representativa del conjunto. Apenas existen variaciones utilizando los diferentes tipos de participaciones.

PREDICTORS OF CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AMONG HIGHLY INVOLVED YOUNG ADULTS: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGENCY AND SYSTEMS WORLDVIEW

Civic engagement maintains the viability of democratic society and promotes positive outcomes for those who participate. Young adults' patterns of civic engagement differ according to the type of activity, yet little is known about the psychological mechanisms that lead to different types of participation. We tested the relationship between two types of sociopolitical beliefs (sense of agency and systems worldview) and two distinct forms of civic engagement: political involvement and community service. We hypothesized that agency would predict both forms of engagement and that systems worldview would moderate the relationship between agency and political involvement, but have little effect on community service. Using data from a racially diverse national sample of highly engaged young adults (n = 259), we conducted hierarchical linear multiple regression analyses and found that agency predicted both political involvement and community service. We found that systems worldview moderated the relationship between agency and both forms of civic engagement.

Reversal theory-based sport and exercise research: A systematic/narrative review

ObjectivesTo provide a critical combined systematic/narrative review of reversal theory (RT) sport and exercise research published over the last 30 years. DesignPeer-reviewed journal publications on reversal theory sport and exercise research from 1985 to 2014 were critically scrutinized. MethodResearch results were examined using four important research themes: (1) evidence that all motivational states have been reported and provide a valid description of athletes' experience; (2) evidence supporting the reversal process and its causal factors; (3) the role of motivational dominance and participation in different types of sport and exercise; (4) the relationship between motivational state and performance. ResultsThe richness of competitors' emotional and motivational experience in sport can be mapped and described using RT. Motivational reversals do occur for the reasons suggested by RT, and provide a mechanism for understanding, predicting and influencing changes in affective state. There is a relationship between motivational dominance and participation and experience of different sports. The relationship between particular motivational states and performance was found to be ambiguous. ConclusionsThis review has shown that, despite limitations and some gaps in the research literature, past RT sport and exercise research has provided important information and a reason for cautious optimism about its applicability to sport and exercise. However, there is a need for additional robust research. For example, there is evidence supporting the causal factors for reversals, but currently no research has shown that reversals can be controlled, or that motivational states can be reliably induced at will in the context of sport and exercise.

Competitive sports participation in high school and subsequent substance use in young adulthood: Assessing differences based on level of contact.

The objective of this analysis is to examine how participation in different types of competitive sports (based on level of contact) during high school is associated with substance use 1 to 4 years after the 12th grade. The analysis uses nationally representative samples of 12th graders from the Monitoring the Future Study who were followed 1 to 4 years after the 12th grade. The longitudinal sample consisted of 970 12th graders from six recent cohorts (2006-2011). The analyses found that respondents who participated in at least one competitive sport during the 12th grade had greater odds of binge drinking during the past two weeks (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.43, 2.90) 1 to 4 years after the 12th grade, when compared to their peers who did not participate in sports during their 12th grade year. Moreover, respondents who participated in high-contact sports (i.e., football, ice hockey, lacrosse, and wrestling) had greater odds of binge drinking (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.18, 2.72) and engaging in marijuana use during the past 30 days (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.93) 1 to 4 years after the 12th grade when compared to their peers who did not participate in these types of sports during their 12th grade year. Accordingly, the findings indicate important distinctions in sport participation experiences on long-term substance use risk that can help inform potential interventions among young athletes.

The impact of institutional culture, policy and process on student engagement in university decision-making

ABSTRACTThere is a strong focus on the importance of student engagement in higher education, with increasing attention on how students can participate in their university’s decision-making processes. Yet, although the concept appears to be almost universally accepted, it is rarely problematised. This has led some commentators to conclude that student engagement lacks theoretical clarity. Consequently, an increasing number of authors have sought to address this. This paper adds to those efforts by proposing a model for student engagement that recognises the importance of institutional action in facilitating different types of participation. These are aligned with expectations for student activity, but the key message is that the university shapes its students’ engagement. This reinforces arguments that engagement needs to be cognisant of the power dynamics of higher education. In line with this, the paper borrows from debates around public participation to enhance understanding of student engagement in institutional governance.

ICER 2016 preview

You are warmly invited to the twelfth annual ACM International Computing Education Research (ICER) conference which will be held in Melbourne, Australia, 9-11 September 2016. A Doctoral Consortium will be held prior to the conference on 8 September. Melbourne is a vibrant, multicultural city situated on the southern coast of Australia. The city is an interesting mix of old and new, with extensive parklands, shopping arcades and many historic attractions. ICER provides a forum for presenting and publishing high-quality research in computing education. At ICER 2016 we will continue the traditional ICER single-track format which is designed to encourage authors and audience to engage in lively discussion about each work presented. We offer a range of submission categories that allow for different types of participation, supporting work at different levels ranging from formative work to a completed research study.

FROM ACTIVE LURKERS TO COMMUNITY LEADER: WHO THEY ARE AND WHAT THEY DO

In this study, an email-based community supporting a community of practice (CoP) of mathematic teachers was investigated. Public messages members send were examined in order to determine what activities that were conducted by the members and what their level of participation is. Data was gathered via a “Media Records Evaluation Form”. A content analysis of these messages revealed that the most frequent activity was views/chat, followed by appreciation and knowledge sharing. Findings also indicate that the least activities were apology, administrative and congratulations. In a CoP, membership is a personal matter and members represent different aspects of participation. In this sense, members’ level of participation were determined by using clustering analysis. The results show that there are five different types of participation defined as community leader, core members, active members, peripheral members and active lurkers. However, research findings also point at a sixth group who never participate in knowledge sharing and exchange.

Coeliac disease: the association between quality of life and social support network participation.

There is little information available on the use of social support systems for patients with coeliac disease (CD). We performed a cross-sectional study aiming to examine the association between participation in different types of social support networks and quality of life (QOL) in adults with CD. A survey including a validated CD specific QOL instrument was administered online and in-person to adults with CD who were following a gluten-free diet. Participation in social support networks (type, frequency and duration) were assessed. Among the 2138 participants, overall QOL scores were high, averaging 68.9 out of 100. Significant differences in QOL scores were found for age, length of time since diagnosis and level of education. Most (58%) reported using no social support networks. Of the 42% reporting use of social support networks (online 17.9%, face-to-face 10.8% or both 12.8%), QOL scores were higher for those individuals who used only face-to-face social support compared to only online support (72.6 versus 66.7; P < 0.0001). A longer duration of face-to-face social support use was associated with higher QOL scores (P < 0.0005). By contrast, a longer duration and increased frequency of online social support use was associated with lower QOL scores (P < 0.03). Participation in face-to-face social support networks is associated with greater QOL scores compared to online social support networks. These findings have potential implications for the management of individuals with CD. Emphasis on face-to-face support may improve long-term QOL and patient outcomes.

Dialectics of Correlation of the Schoolchild Personality Socialization and Individualization

The socialization of a school child personality is a) the process of primary knowledge of life and society history acquisition; b) the process of public work skills obtaining by means of direct participation in the public life of school, in particular, in the organizing activity and self-government; c) the participation in different types of social-useful productive work; d) the process of social norms (behavior rules) and values assignment, familiarizing with the ideals. The regulation of socialization factors by means of teaching-educational process allows to raise educational opportunities of the social environment and to individualize social-pedagogical impacts, to give them a personal character. The more developed the society is, the more important for the individual (within the meaning of singular) is the process of individualization. The individualization - another part of the personality establishment process - is the process where the personality obtains their qualitative certainty and unique identity. The main feature of the individualization is in the comprehension and development of unique and original.Dialectical correlation of socialization and individualization processes is achieved when one of these processes dominates or when the dominant idea changes from time to time. It is expressed in interaction, mutual influence and mutual correction of the both processes. Dynamically non-equilibrium correlation forms dialectical unity of socialization and individualization which ensures integrity of the secondary school student personality formation process.

Early school leavers’ attitudes towards online self-presentation and explicit participation

Active participation in economic and social settings increasingly demands social–communicative skills, i.e., interactive and interpersonal skills, as well as the networking skills to access and use resources provided by online social networks. The development of these skills both depends upon and determines the proficient and strategic use of social media and explicit participation in different types of formal or informal networks and communities. Low-educated early school leavers typically lack the access, awareness and attitude required to develop these skills, suggesting a widening digital divide or participation gap. This study presents results regarding low-educated early school leavers’ attitudes towards social media and social networks as a factor that can influence the conditions and opportunities that determine or enhance their economic and social mobility and improvement. The data were analyzed by means of 12 cases. Looking beneath the surface of a complex compound problem involving cultural, social and attitudinal factors, we found signs of ambivalence or even conflict in attitudes, stemming from personal doubts and insecurities or contextual fears and restraints. These attitudinal thresholds should be overcome by aiding and supporting these young people as much as possible in gaining leverage in the online world of ‘haves and have nots’.

Role functioning among adults with schizophrenia

Introduction The extent that adults with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders participate in socially valued roles within their community is an important aspect of recovery and rehabilitation. Although previous research has explored functioning in specific roles (for example, education, employment and independent living) less is known about combined participation in different types of socially valued roles. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the role functioning of a community sample of 255 adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Method The diagnostic interview for genetics study 2.0 was administered by trained clinicians and provided the background clinical information for this report. A subsample from the genetics study was interviewed by telephone using the socially valued role classification scale. Participants were specifically asked about their participation in employment, education and training, rehabilitation, caring for others, and home duties and self-care. Results Overall role participation was high, with 80% participating in socially valued roles other than independent living. Role functioning in each role category was relatively independent of functioning in other role domains. Conclusion Occupational therapists can best facilitate the rehabilitation and recovery of community residents with severe mental illness by adopting a role-specific approach based on individual preferences for particular role domains.

The effect of continuing professional development on public complaints: a case-control study.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between participation in different types of continuing professional development (CPD), and incidences and types of public complaint against physicians. Cases included physicians against whom complaints were made by members of the public to the medical regulatory body in Ontario, Canada, the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO), during 2008 and 2009. The control cohort included physicians against whom no complaints were documented during the same period. We focused on complaints related to physician communication, quality of care and professionalism. The CPD data included all Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) and College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC) CPD programme activities reported by the case and control physicians. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine if the independent variable, reported participation in CPD, was associated with the dependent variable, the complaints-related status of the physician in the year following reported CPD activities. A total of 2792 physicians were included in the study. There was a significant relationship between participation in CPD, type of CPD and type of complaint received. Analysis indicated that physicians who reported overall participation in CPD activities were significantly less likely (odds ratio 0.604; p = 0.028) to receive quality of care-related complaints than those who did not report participating in CPD. Additionally, participation in group-based CPD was less likely (OR 0.681; p = 0.041) to result in quality of care-related complaints. The findings demonstrate a positive relationship between participation in the national CPD programmes of the CFPC and RCPSC, and lower numbers of public complaints received by the CPSO. As certification bodies and regulators alike are increasingly mandating CPD, they are encouraged to continually evaluate the effectiveness of their programmes to maximise programme impact on physician performance at the population level.

Соціальне включення в оцінці соціальної якості: практики участі населення України в 2000-х роках

The article contends the priority of practices of political, civic and social participation in the measurement of social inclusion as a component of social quality. Comparative analysis of the third (1999-2001) and the fourth (2008-2010) waves of European values study demonstrates contradictory tendencies of different types of participation in Ukraine during the late 1990s - 2000s which allows an assessment of important dimension of social quality of Ukrainian society in the context of other countries in Eastern and Western Europe. The structure of factors of civic and social participation in Ukraine has similarities with democratic countries - Germany, France and Poland, as well as with authoritarian Russia and Belarus. The growth of political activity and disproportionately low levels of civic and social participation in Ukraine point to problems of social inclusion and, respectively, relatively low level of social quality. It is concluded in the article that political reforms without corresponding changes in civic and social participation will not lead to the strengthening of democratic institutions of Ukrainian society and establishing a stable system of consolidated democracy.

Reported Sports Participation, Race, Sex, Ethnicity, and Obesity in US Adolescents From NHANES Physical Activity (PAQ_D).

Objective. To understand the relationships between participation in different types of leisure time sport activity and adolescent obesity, and how those relationships might differ based on race, gender, and household income. Methods. Data consisted of 6667 students that took part in the 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The authors used adjusted Wald tests to examine differences in the prevalence of obesity (body mass index >95th percentile for age and sex) by sport for boys and girls separately. Results. Among adolescent youth age 12 to 19 years, 16.6% of male leisure time sport participants and 15.3% of female sport participants were obese, compared with 23.6% for male nonathlete participant-in-other-activities and 17.0% obesity rate for female nonathlete/participant-in-other-activities. For both males and females, reported participation in leisure time sports decreased between middle school and high school, and this reduction was associated with higher body mass index.

Physical self-concept and participation in physical activity in college students.

The purpose of this study was to test for reciprocal relations between physical self-concept (PSC) and participation in physical activity (PA). We hypothesized specific bidirectional relations between PSC dimensions (i.e., perceived endurance, sport competence, and strength and body attractiveness) and participation in corresponding types of PA (i.e., aerobic exercise, team or individual sports, and strength training). Data were gathered from a questionnaire administered to 386 college students on two occasions (3-month interval) to assess PSC and participation in PA. Structural equation modeling revealed significant paths between each PSC dimension and a corresponding type of PA. Students reported more frequent participation in a specific PA when their PSC concerning the activity was high. However, participation in a given PA did not predict subsequent PSC in the corresponding PA, suggesting unidirectional effects of previous PSC on subsequent participation in PA. These results suggest that strategies that contribute to reinforce PSC are primordial and should be targeted as key components for designing effective PA behavior change interventions among college students.

Institutional origins of health care–associated infection knowledge: Lessons from an analysis of articles about methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus published in leading biomedical journals from 1960-2009

Biomedical research journals are important because peer reviewed research is viewed as more legitimate and trustworthy than non-peer reviewed work. Therefore, it is important to know how knowledge transmitted through academic biomedical journals is produced. This article asks if some organizations are more likely to produce research than others and if organizational setting is linked with an article's impact, as measured by citation counts. Using research on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a case study, we examined the role that hospitals, universities, public health agencies, and other organizations have in shaping an emerging research area. We collected public data on the organizational affiliations of researchers who authored 1,721 articles in general interest and selected specialty journals. MRSA research appears to have evolved in stages that require the participation of different types of organizations. Additionally, our analyses indicate that an author's organizational affiliation predicts citation counts, even when controlling for other factors. Organizations vary greatly in their ability to produce research, and this should be taken into account by those who manage or award funds to research organizations.

청소년들의 여가활동 유형이 관여도와 생활만족에 미치는 영향

청소년들의 여가활동 유형이 관여도와 생활만족에 미치는 영향

Youth political involvement update: measuring the role of cause-oriented political interest in young people's activism

In recent decades, a series of transformations have occurred that have changed young people's relationships with politics. In most Western countries, young people vote less and protest more. Survey research has detected this two-fold process in participation behaviour, but has failed to detect this same process in the field of political attitudes. In particular, the emergence of a specific dimension of psychological political involvement with a special impact on youth has gone unnoticed in survey-based research. Based on some recent qualitative studies, this research tries to identify and measure a specific dimension of interest in politics using a new question in a survey carried out in Catalonia in 2011. An interest directly oriented to political issues and causes – particularly those relevant in young people's everyday lives – is identified. The article also evaluates how traditional survey indicators of political involvement do capture, or not, this particular dimension of interest in politics. Finally, the new cause-oriented interest indicator is tested to analyse its impact on different types of participation in order to better understand patterns of activism in young people.

Social capital, social participation and life satisfaction among Chilean older adults.

OBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with social participation and their relationship with self-perceived well-being in older adults.METHODS This study was based on data obtained from the National Socioeconomic Characterization (CASEN) Survey conducted in Chile, in 2011, on a probability sample of households. We examined information of 31,428 older adults living in these households. Descriptive and explanatory analyses were performed using linear and multivariate logistic regression models. We assessed the respondents’ participation in different types of associations: egotropic, sociotropic, and religious.RESULTS Social participation increased with advancing age and then declined after the age of 80. The main finding of this study was that family social capital is a major determinant of social participation of older adults. Their involvement was associated with high levels of self-perceived subjective well-being. We identified four settings as sources of social participation: home-based; rural community-based; social policy programs; and religious. Older adults were significantly more likely to participate when other members of the household were also involved in social activities evidencing an intergenerational transmission of social participation. Rural communities, especially territorial associations, were the most favorable setting for participation. There has been a steady increase in the rates of involvement of older adults in social groups in Chile, especially after retirement. Religiosity remains a major determinant of associativism. The proportion of participation was higher among older women than men but these proportions equaled after the age of 80.CONCLUSIONS Self-perceived subjective well-being is not only dependent upon objective factors such as health and income, but is also dependent upon active participation in social life, measured as participation in associations, though its effects are moderate.