Teenage Parents Research Articles

The Turkish version of the problem areas in diabetes-parents of teens (P-PAID-T): Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity

ObjectiveTo examine the Turkish validity and reliability of the Problem Areas in Diabetes- Parents of Teens (P-PAID-T) scale and its psychometric properties for determining the parents' diabetes-related distress. MethodsThe study included the parents of 200 adolescents with T1DM for at least a year. P-PAID-T and a demographic data form were used for data collection. Davis technique was used for the content validity of the scale. The scale's reliability was tested using test-retest, and its internal reliability was analyzed with Cronbach's alpha test. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to analyze the factor structure. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the fit of the scale. Results69.5% (n = 139) of the participants were mothers. Compared to the fathers, the mothers' mean P-PAID-T score was significantly higher. Parents of sons, who used insulin injections for their children, and had a college degree or higher education level had higher P-PAID-T scores. The test-retest correlation coefficient of the scale was 0.977. The Cronbach α value of the scale was 0.901. The results of confirmatory factor analysis were x2/df = 2.931, GFI = 0.736, CFI = 0.711, NFI = 0.628, NNFI = 0.660, RMSEA = 0.141. ConclusionThe Turkish version of P-PAID-T was a valid and reliable screening tool for measuring diabetes stress in parents of adolescents with T1DM. Practice implicationsNurses could use the Turkish version of P-PAID-T to monitor parental diabetes distress and organize interventions; also Turkish P-PAID-T could facilitate research on diabetes distress for parents of adolescents with T1DM.

Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Budaya dengan Kejadian Cyberbullying pada Remaja

Introduction: Cyberbullying is an act that will have physical, psychological emotional, psychosocial, and school-related impacts. Objectives: This research was conducted to see the relationship between parenting and culture with the incidence of cyberbullying among adolescents at MTsn 16, East Jakarta 2022. Method: Observational study with a cross-sectional research design. The population in this study were all 9th-grade students at MTsN 16 East Jakarta, totaling 582 students. Meanwhile, the sample to be used was calculated using the Slovin formula, namely 237 students and female students. Modification of the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory (RCBI), while parenting style uses the Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) measurement tool, and culture uses the Middle Schools Environmental Literacy Instrument (MSELI) measurement tool. Result: The results show that there is no relationship between parenting and culture variables and the incidence of cyberbullying in adolescents with a p-value of 0.508 (p-value> 0.05). Conclusion: It is expected that teenage parents will always pay attention to their children when using social media.

Foster care, kinship care, and the transition to adulthood: Do child welfare system processes explain differences in outcomes?

Despite longstanding policy preferences favoring kinship care placements over non-relative family foster care placements, research findings on the benefits of kinship care vary by measurement, assessed outcome, follow-up period, and other study design elements. We examined early adulthood outcomes—incarceration and teen parenthood—among WI youth who entered foster care in early-to-middle childhood (ages 5–10). Results suggest that initial placement in kin or nonrelative kinship care was not significantly related to imprisonment or teenage parenthood directly; however, first placement in kinship care is associated with fewer moves, longer duration in care, and a higher probability of a new maltreatment investigation, which in turn is related to long-term outcomes. Further, a new maltreatment investigation was an important mediator and was significantly associated with a higher probability of incarceration and teenage parenthood. This study provides mechanisms on the ways in which first placement setting influences incarceration and teenage parenthood. Findings provide important policy and practice implications on how children’s experiences in foster care, based on their initial placement type, can lead to maladaptive outcomes.

Activities of Teenagers involved in the Pinamou Tradition in Central Maluku

This research aims to reveal the activities of teenagers involved in the Pinamou tradition of the Nuaulu Tribe in Central Maluku. The type of research is qualitative with an ethnographic approach. The informants in this study were three teenage girls, two teenage parents, one traditional leader, and one community leader. Data collection methods through in-depth interviews and observation. Data analysis uses domain analysis. The research results revealed that the Pinamou Tradition is intended for young women of the Nuaulu tribe and is carried out during their first menstruation, which indicates that the young women have entered adulthood. Activities that teenagers are not allowed to do in this tradition include not being seen by adult men, not being able to bathe, and not speaking loudly. The recommended thing is to use charcoal to cover the face as protection from supernatural beings. The provisions in the Pinamou tradition carried out by teenagers are believed to protect them from danger despite many restrictions on activities.

Kontribusi Keluarga dalam Menanamkan Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Islam Untuk Membentuk Karakter Islami Remaja

This study aims to reveal the family's contribution, support, and hope in instilling the values of Islamic education in order to form an Islamic character. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods, with research informants being parents of teenagers with relatively good Islamic characteristics. Data collection techniques using interviews. Checking the validity of the data was carried out by triangulating sources and analyzing through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The study results show that the family's contribution to instilling the values of Islamic education to shape the Islamic character of adolescents is carried out by guiding, directing, and being an example in practicing the values of deep Islamic education. Several supporting factors include the existence of TPQ and places of worship in the community. The challenge is that teenagers still need to be independent in implementing the values of Islamic education, and there is the influence of social media which has an impact on the attitudes and behavior of teenagers.

КОУЧИНГОВИЙ ПІДХІД ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ДЛЯ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ДОВІРЛИВИХ СТОСУНКІВ МІЖ БАТЬКАМИ І ПІДЛІТКАМИ

The article reveals the problem of building a trusting relationship between parents and teenagers using a coaching approach. The article analyzes the psychological features of adolescence, briefly describes the conclusions of recent years' research on this problem. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the complexity of problems that arise in adolescence, in particular, in the relationship between parents and adolescents; the importance of providing psychological assistance to parents in the development of positive relationships with adolescent children; as well as the significance of the influence of parents on the formation of the personality of a teenage child. The authors highlight the topic of conscious parenthood; ways of increasing the level of competence of parents, developing their abilities of constructive behavior in interpersonal conflict are revealed; features of parents' use of the coaching approach as a tool for establishing trusting relationships with teenage children are described. The article describes three parenting roles: the role of parent-teachers, parent-administrators, and parent-coaches. Parents of teenagers can take advantage of the opportunity to become mentors, guides for their grown children, providing them with support. A coaching approach in relationships with children is maximum support, where there is no condemnation, evaluation, advice, negative past, but only the present and the future. These are skills that help build a positive dialogue with the child and give positive feedback, ask questions, plan actions, increase motivation and create a supportive environment. But parents need to be taught how to achieve this. And for this purpose, the authors have developed a training program in the coaching format "Being in contact". The task of the training is to help parents find contact not only with their child, but also with themselves, because only by understanding yourself can you better understand your child. The purpose of the training proposed by the authors, which was created and tested in practice: awareness and improvement of the level of psychological parental competence in interaction with teenagers; parents' understanding of their own needs and feelings; expanding the possibilities of understanding the needs, feelings and emotions of your child; mastering basic coaching competencies in raising children; building harmonious communication in the family and successful educational influence on the child in terms of trusting relationships.

Disparities in the Distribution of Social Programs for Expectant and Parenting Teens (EPTS) in Washington DC - A Review

Background: Although the teen birth rate declined to a low record in 2017 of 18.8 births per 1000 females ages 15-19, compared to other developed countries, it is still high [3,4]. Teen pregnancy can cause emotional, psychological and educational challenges, as well as affect the life and opportunities of young mothers and their children. Access to quality social services, plays an important role in supporting the health and well-being of adolescents and promoting health equity. Some teens face barriers in accessing these services. Geographically, Washington DC has eight wards, with significant disparities in socioeconomic conditions and population health. Aim: The objective of this study is to explore the distribution of community programs for Expectant and Parenting Teens in Washington DC by wards. Materials and Methods: We conducted computerized searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, CINAHL, and Cochrane Reviews to identify programs in Washington DC that provide services to adolescent parents, published in English from 1990 to December 2022. Search terms include: Washington DC, Ward, Teen parents, Social services, Community program. We identified and compiled locations of social service providers by wards across Washington DC, using findhelp directory (findhelp.org). Results: We identified 34 programs located in the different wards in Washington, District of Columbia. We identified 10 major interventions. These can be categorized into 10 domains of need involving (a) pregnancy and parenting support and services, (b) adoption resources, (c) housing resources for teen parents in foster care, (d) housing resources for teen parents not in foster care, (e) health care resources for young families, (f) education resources, (g) public benefits, (h) childcare resources, (i) early learning resources and (j) resources for fathers. There is a disparity in Program providers and interventions/services by wards in Washington DC.

699-P: Neighborhood Disadvantage and Psychosocial Health for Parents of Teens with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Background: The psychosocial health of parents is important to the mental and physical health of teens with T1D, yet living in an area of high neighborhood disadvantage may risk parental psychosocial health due, in part, to increased exposure to stressors and less available support. We explored associations among neighborhood disadvantage and parents’ self-reported psychosocial outcomes among racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse parents of teens with T1D. Methods: At baseline of a 2-site psychosocial intervention trial, 130 parents of teens aged 13-18 with T1D reported on demographic information and their diabetes distress, family conflict, diabetes-related quality of life, and resilience. We retrieved area deprivation index (ADI) scores for home addresses; this measure of neighborhood disadvantage summarizes neighborhood-level income, education, employment, and housing quality via a state-relative decile score ranging from 1-10 (higher scores indicate more disadvantage). Regression analyses were used to examine associations among ADI and psychosocial measures. Results: 130 parents (2% American Indian/Alaska Native, 2% Asian, 8% Black/African American, 10% Latino/Mexican/South or Central American, 81% White; 87% mothers; 73% employed full-time; 78% private Insurance; 59% college graduate or higher) completed surveys. Mean ADI was 3.8±2.7 (range 1-10). Higher neighborhood disadvantage was associated with significantly higher diabetes distress [F(1,127)=13.99, p<.001] and family conflict [F(1,126)=19.42, p<.001] and lower resilience [F(1,127)=4.30, p=.04] and diabetes-related quality of life [F(1,125)=10.42, p=.002]. Conclusions: Consistently poorer psychosocial health among parents in areas with higher neighborhood disadvantage highlights the centrality of social determinants of health to families of teens with T1D. Targeted support for parents in these areas may benefit family T1D management and, ultimately, youth outcomes. Disclosure M.B.O'donnell: None. S.R.Scott: None. B.M.Ellisor: None. S.Garcia perez: None. Y.Rojas: None. F.Malik: None. M.E.Hilliard: None. J.P.Yi-frazier: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK121224)

Complexity of teen mothers and its implications on family wellbeing in Rwanda

In an attempt to understand the complexity of teen parents and associated consequences, the present study was conducted. It examines the connection between teen parents and family well-being in five selected Districts of Rwanda. Data were collected from 226 respondents randomly selected. Respondents included 176 teen mothers, 30 parents of teen mothers and 20 local leaders. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were presented in percentages while content analysis was used for qualitative data. The results revealed that teen mothers are exposed to various social and economic problems. Rejected and depressed, 61.4% of pregnant teens thought about abortion and were restricted by lack of financial means while 9% thought about suicide which affects the physical and mental health of both teens and their children. Furthermore, 80.4% of teen mothers were not given the opportunity to resume their studies after delivering which amplifies their poverty exposure and their children as well. Parents/guardians need to be supportive through good communication so as to know what their children are going through and advise them accordingly. Moreover, they should bear with them in case a pregnancy occurs so that they may not feel depressed and think of abortion or suicide. They should not chase them from home since it increases their exposure to repeated pregnancies. There is a need of sensitizing the community about strategies that can reduce teen mothers’ rates as well as appropriate action in case teens get impregnated.

Is teenage parenthood associated with early use of disability pension? Evidence from a longitudinal study.

Over the past decades the number of young people using disability pensions (DP) has gradually increased in Europe but the reasons for this change are poorly understood. We hypothesize that teenage parenthood could be associated with an increased risk of receiving early DP. The aim of this study was to examine the association between having a first child at age 13-19 and receiving DP at age 20-42 (here called early DP). A longitudinal cohort study was undertaken based on national register data obtained from 410,172 individuals born in Sweden in 1968, 1969, and 1970. Teenage mothers and fathers were followed until age 42 and compared to non-teenage parent counterparts to examine their early receipt of DP. Descriptive analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox regression analyses were performed. The proportion of teenage parents was more than twice higher in the group that received early DP (16%) compared to the group that did not receive early DP (6%) during the study duration. A higher proportion of teenage mothers and fathers started to receive DP at 20-42 years old compared to non-teenage parents, and the difference between the two groups increased during the observation period. A strong association was observed between being a teenage parent and receiving early DP, significant both independently and after adjusting for the year of birth and the father's level of education. From the age of 30 to 42 years, teenage mothers used early DP more often than teenage fathers or non-teenage parents, and this difference also increased during the follow-up period. A strong association was found between teenage parenthood and the use of DP between 20 and 42 years of age. Teenage mothers used DP more than teenage fathers and non-teenage parents.

Leveraging the Collective Impact Model to Advocate for Pregnant and Parenting Teens.

Over 140 000 adolescents in the United States became parents in 2021. Expectant and parenting youth face health and socioeconomic challenges, which in turn affect the health of their children. This case study describes the formation and outcomes of a citywide network, the District of Columbia Network for Expectant and Parenting Teens (DC NEXT), an interdisciplinary collaboration that aims to prioritize the voices of expectant and parenting teens and build their capacity to make healthy decisions about relationships, sex, parenting, and education. By employing the 5 principles of collective impact, DC NEXT has been able to successfully bring together multiple stakeholders and a context team of teen parents with lived experience. Accomplishments include direct engagement with 550 youth, caregivers, and community members, completing a health and well-being survey, improving access to essential programs and resources, and training hundreds of staff members to provide trauma-informed, human-centered care. DC NEXT may serve as a model for others seeking to develop interdisciplinary community-based advocacy coalitions.

Penyuluhan Dampak Pernikahan Dini Terhadap Kesehatan Biologis dan Psikologis Ibu dan Anak

Health education for adolescents is only carried out for children in schools without involving adolescent parents. The role of parents is very important in providing information every day as a reminder that can prevent factors that trigger children to associate freely and eventually marry early. Health Centers and Health Workers have provided Reproductive Health Education through schools, but this has not reduced the number of early marriages which are increasing every year. Increasing knowledge regarding the impact of early marriage on the biological and psychological health of mothers, namely by providing counseling in each sub-district in collaboration with government agencies to include the role of parents in conveying and reminding youth about the impact of early marriage. Based on the preliminary study, it was obtained data on the number of adolescents who married early and had given birth to 8 children, and experienced the biological and psychological impacts of implementing early marriages. The objective of this study was to provide counseling regarding the impact of early marriage on the biological and psychological health of mothers in Lampe Village, Rasana District, East Kota Bima. The activity method is carried out by making pre and posttest questions that are used to measure the level of knowledge before and after being given counseling. Based on the results of the assessment before (pretest) counseling given to adolescents and their parents in the Kelurahan, it was shown that 15 (100%) had less knowledge about the impact of early marriage and 15 (100%) of adolescent parents had low knowledge. and experienced an increase after counseling was carried out by conducting a reassessment (posttest) where the parents of teenagers who had less knowledge were 5 people (33,33%), enough 8 people (53,33%) and good 2 people (13,33%). And teenagers with less knowledge, namely less 3 people (20%), enough 10 people (66,66%) and good category 2 people (13,33%).

Young, dumb and other slurs… Teenage parents want their voices heard!

Young, dumb and other slurs… Teenage parents want their voices heard!

Let's be more conscious about the misuse of nitrous oxide.

Following the 'No laughing matter' article published in 2020 by Dr Croser, this paper further highlights the increasingly concerning problem of the illicit use of nitrous oxide.Since 1884, the benefits of nitrous oxide have been exploited in the field of dentistry. Its analgesic and mild anaesthetic properties, alongside suggestive hypnosis and reassurance, are often enough to relieve the anxieties of our patients sufficiently to enable dental treatment. When used appropriately, it has a wide margin of safety and no significant side effects. However, the instantaneous feeling of euphoria experienced after inhaling the drug lends itself to recreational use. This is becoming more popular among the younger generations of the population; the drug is both incredibly easy and cheap to purchase, at only 22p a cannister. More than half a million teenagers and young adults are using this drug at present. Grieving parents of teenagers who have tragically lost their lives to this drug are pleading for people to stop, and for The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs to criminalise nitrous oxide.Let's be more aware of the dangers of nitrous oxide, encourage those to seek help when they need it and refer to local drug support services - it could help to save lives.

Sexual violence in early adolescence is associated with subsequent teen pregnancy and parenthood

Being a victim of sexual violence (SV) is associated with risk for teen pregnancy in cross-sectional research. However, longitudinal data are necessary to determine if SV victimization plays a causal role in early pregnancy. To address this gap in research, we test whether experiencing SV victimization in early adolescence is associated with pregnancy and having children by mid-adolescence. The current sample comprised 4594 youth (58% female; 51% Hispanic; 39% Black) attending 44 schools in the southern United States. Self-reported data were collected via audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) when students were in 7th or 8th grade and again approximately 24 months later. Approximately 2.9% of boys and 8.2% of girls reported SV victimization at baseline. At follow-up, 3.4% of boys and 4.0% of girls reported being involved with one or more pregnancies; 1.1% of boys and girls reported having one or more children. Being a victim of SV at baseline was associated with pregnancy and having a child at follow-up for girls. SV was not related to outcomes among boys. The present findings indicate that girls victimized by SV are at risk of becoming pregnant and becoming teen parents. The combined sequelae of SV and teen pregnancy impair health, economic, and social functioning across the lifespan and carry forward into future generations. Future research should explore mechanisms through which victimization confers risk for pregnancy to inform prevention strategies.

COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its determinants among teenagers and their parents in Zhejiang, China

Objective: To examine COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its determinants among teenagers and their parents in Zhejiang, China. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted among parents of teenagers in Zhejiang, China from May 1 to 31, 2022. Data were interpreted via univariate and multivariate analyses using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) program. Results: A total of 11115 (96.11%) participants and 11449 (99.00%) of their children in Zhejiang, China had been vaccinated against COVID-19. Children whose parents did not receive COVID-19 vaccination were 19 times (aOR 18.96, 95%CI 12.36-29.08) more likely to be unvaccinated than their counterparts. In addition, children with no previous influenza vaccination, those whose parents doubted the COVID-19 vaccine’s safety or effectiveness, were 6.11 times (aOR 6.11, 95%CI 2.80-13.34), 8.27 times (aOR 8.27, 95%CI 5.33-12.83), and 2.69 times (aOR 2.69, 95%CI 1.11-6.50) more likely to be unvaccinated than their counterparts, respectively. COVID-19 vaccine uptake varied between different sociodemographic groups. However, the odds of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine decreased as age and education level increased. The main refusal reasons claimed by participants were that they had medical conditions that may not qualify them for vaccination (53.78%), followed by safety concerns about the vaccine (13.56%), not knowing where to get vaccinated (6.44%), and concerns about fertility issues (5.56%). Conclusions: Despite a highly encouraging level of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Zhejiang, China, the elderly and highly educated people had lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake. It is suggested that tailored health education strategies should be taken to increase the COVID-19 vaccine uptake in such groups. Furthermore, with vaccination rates at such a high level, the pandemic is still ongoing, and public confidence in vaccines may decline. Thus, sufficient evidence-based information regarding COVID-19 vaccines should be provided to the public.

Trends in Adolescent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Parental Hesitancy in the United States.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage remains suboptimal in the United States, underscoring the importance of monitoring trends in vaccine hesitancy. Cross-sectional data from the 2011-2020 National Immunization Survey-Teen were used to assess trends in HPV vaccination initiation among 13-17-year-olds, parental intent to initiate vaccination, and primary reasons for parental hesitancy. Among all sex and race and ethnicity groups, the prevalence of HPV vaccination initiation increased over time, but parental intent to vaccinate against HPV for unvaccinated teens remained consistently low (≤45%). Among hesitant parents, "safety concerns" increased in nearly all demographic groups, with the greatest increases observed for non-Hispanic white female and male teens and no change for non-Hispanic black female teens. In 2019-2020, parents of unvaccinated non-Hispanic white teens were least likely to intend on vaccinating their teens, and the most common reason for hesitancy varied by sex and race and ethnicity (eg, "safety concerns" for white teens and "not necessary" for black female teens). Although HPV vaccination initiation increased over time, a substantial fraction of parents remain hesitant, and trends in their reason varied by sex and race and ethnicity. Health campaigns and clinicians should address vaccine safety and necessity.

Non-hormonal treatments of menopausal symptoms

Menopause is a natural ageing process that affects all women. It is caused by the gradual reduction in ovarian follicular function, leading to a reduction in oestrogen production. Menopause can have a variety of direct symptomatic effects – with many women affected by vasomotor (hot flushes and sweats), cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, urogenital and psychological symptoms. It is important to recognise that despite it being a natural process, menopausal symptoms can significantly affect quality of life, often co-existing with career or caring responsibilities, for example, senior roles at work or teenage children and ageing parents. The goal of this review is to aid clinicians in providing care for patients with these problems and unable to, or choosing not to, undergo hormone replacement therapy.

A STUDY OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY ITS RISK FACTORS AND COMPLICATIONS AT THE TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Background: Pregnancy in girls between 10 and 19 years is adolescent or teenage pregnancy. Teenage parenthood comes with dangers and realities that have been well-documented. Material & Methods:This observational study was conducted at Government Medical College, AkolaMaharashtra. 80 teenage mothers admitted to the ward from October 2019 to May 2021 were included after permission from the Institutional Ethics Committee, and consent from the patients & was evaluated regarding teenage pregnancy, its risk factors, and complications. SPSS version 2.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The majority of the patients 68.8% were in the age group of 18-19 years, the mean age of the patients was 17.75 ± 1.22 years. 26.2% of patients were booked, 73.8% had unbooked status. 58.8% had preterm delivery (≤37 weeks), and 41.2% had term delivery. The prevalence of anemia (<10 gm %) was 63.8%. 38.8% of patients were delivered through Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) and vaginal delivery was performed in 61.2%. 63.8% of patients had anemia while 21.2% and 13.7% of patients developed Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) respectively. 7.5% and 6.2% of patients had antepartum hemorrhage (APH) & intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) respectively. It was observed that unbooked status, preterm delivery, anemia, PIH, IUGR, Low birth weight (LBW), and NICU admission were signicant risk factors for teenage pregnancy. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancies are associated with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Maternal age is an important feature, as several obstetric and perinatal complications are more frequent in teenage mothers than in other age groups. Improving the general health and nutrition of the girl child, increasing the age of marriage and subsequent childbearing, and access to safe abortion services along with adequate antenatal care reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Mental health needs among pregnant and parenting adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: A scoping review.

Teenage pregnancy and parenting pose a greater risk of developing mental health problems among pregnant and parenting adolescent girls and young women. We report on a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles to identify mental health needs and challenges among pregnant and parenting adolescent girls and young women. We adopted only five steps of the Arksey and O'Malley framework to facilitate the scoping review of 125 articles published between July 2002 and August 2022 from these databases (MEDLINE, SABINET, EBSCOhost, Science Direct) using search syntax. Major themes emerged from the thematic content analysis; challenges experienced by pregnant and parenting adolescent girls and young women and the recommended interventions, factors associated with mental health in pregnant women and parenting adolescent girls and young women, and the implications of mental health problems. Mental health challenges, among others, include depression, stress and anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders, and suicidal thoughts. Limited mental health interventions are provided to the group, including social support, parental coaching and counselling, and guidance, which translates to an imbalance between targeted mental health interventions and mental health challenges. We recommend involvement and education of the community on social support, development of digital health programs and integration of mental health services amongst schools, clinics, and community development to support pregnant and parenting adolescent girls and young women.