Abstract
Menopause is a natural ageing process that affects all women. It is caused by the gradual reduction in ovarian follicular function, leading to a reduction in oestrogen production. Menopause can have a variety of direct symptomatic effects – with many women affected by vasomotor (hot flushes and sweats), cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, urogenital and psychological symptoms. It is important to recognise that despite it being a natural process, menopausal symptoms can significantly affect quality of life, often co-existing with career or caring responsibilities, for example, senior roles at work or teenage children and ageing parents. The goal of this review is to aid clinicians in providing care for patients with these problems and unable to, or choosing not to, undergo hormone replacement therapy.
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