Parental Orientation Research Articles

Psychological Adjustment of Children and Adolescents with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Their Mothers’ Stress and Coping—A Longitudinal Study

At present, there is a lack of longitudinal studies on the psychological adjustment of both children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and their primary caregivers. To fill this gap, we performed a four-year follow-up study. Mothers filled out the Child Behavior Checklist 4–18, the Social Orientation of Parents with Handicapped Children questionnaire to assess maternal stress and coping strategies, and the Freiburger Personality Inventory-Revised—subscales strain and life satisfaction. Fifty-five subjects with 22q11.2DS (26 males and 29 females; age: M = 10.79 years, SD = 3.56 years) and their biological mothers (age: M = 40.84 years, SD = 4.68 years) were included in this study. Significantly higher levels of behavior problems than in the general population and an increase in these problems, especially internalizing ones, over time could be found. In contrast, maternal stress did not change significantly over time, but mothers demonstrated increased levels of strain and reduced life satisfaction at T2. Thus, careful monitoring as well as early and adequate interventions, if indicated, should be offered to families with a child with 22q11.2DS, not only for somatic complaints but also for problems with psychological adjustment.

What are youth sports for? Youth sports parenting in working-class communities

ABSTRACT This paper explores youth sports parenting in the context of Norway, focusing on the orientations of parents living in predominantly working-class communities, specifically what they believe youth sports are for. Its particular focus is the ideas and resources that underpin the various positions parents in such communities take toward youth sports. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 19 parents of 13 and 14 year olds, we identify two orientations towards youth sports: the belonging orientation, in which youth sports are seen as a means of connecting to a community, and the structuring orientation, in which youth sports are primarily used for protection and to provide frames for children, particularly as a bulwark against excessive screen time and sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles. Despite their differences, both orientations may be seen as articulations of a shared parenting ethos of ‘fitting in’ instead of ‘standing out’, which is aimed at ensuring that children will become decent and able citizens with sound, respectable lifestyles. This parenting ethos differs from the investment and cultivational ethos that guides upper middle-class families’ parenting practices related to sports and other enrichment activities. However, fitting in does not preclude projects of distinction; for some community-oriented parents, engaging in youth sports allows them to stand out as pillars of society.

The formation of the cross shear bands and its influence on dynamic recrystallization and mechanical properties under Turned-Reverse Rolling

Two rolling routes, traditional forward rolling (FR) and turned-reverse rolling (TRR, with tilting angle of 180° along transverse direction (TD)) were performed on AZ31B magnesium (Mg) alloy sheets. Different morphologies of shear bands and its influence on the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and mechanical properties were investigated. The shear bands (SBs) in the FR and TRR samples show variant morphologies due to the different shear patterns. Especially, the cross shear stress results in a higher number fraction of discontinuous DRXed (DDRXed) grains with random orientation in the TRR sample, contributing to the weakening of {0001} basal texture, while continuous DRX (CDRX) dominates in the FR route, where most of DRXed grains inherit the parent orientation. Furthermore, the TRR sample shows a larger total elongation value (>35 %) than that of the FR sample without sacrificing the strength (∼275 MPa), which can be attributed to not only a more homogeneous strain in the cross SBs (CSRs) but also the activation of non-base slip in the DDRXed grains.

Análise do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de pré-termos em ambulatório multidisciplinar: um olhar da fisioterapia

INTRODUÇÃO: Desde a gestação até o nascimento o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor é influenciado por diversos fatores biopsicossociais. Tal influência pode ser ainda mais acentuada em recém-nascidos pré-termo devido a internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, por isto bebês pré-termos estão mais susceptíveis a essas influências. OBJETIVO: Analisar sob a ótica do fisioterapeuta o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de pré-termos em ambulatório multidisciplinar de um hospital público. METODOLOGIA: Estudo observacional e longitudinal, ambispectivo, de 19 crianças nascidas prematuras de 0 a 12 meses de idade corrigida, sendo critério de exclusão crianças com alterações cognitivas e/ou genéticas ou não terem assinado o termo de consentimento. Os dados foram coletados por meio da análise de prontuários entre agosto de 2017 e dezembro de 2018, o desenvolvimento avaliado por meio do Teste Triagem Denver II , em dois momentos: A1 e A2, em sua admissão e retorno ao serviço após a alta da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e para análise da relação entre mãe e bebê foi utilizada a Avaliação Vínculo Mãe/filho apenas em A1. As estimulações eram realizadas por meio de orientações e folder educativo para os pais e responsáveis. Os dados foram analisados, por meio de média, desvio-padrão, frequência absoluta e relativa, mediana, minimo e máximo e Teste de Wilcoxon para os domínios do Teste Denver II A1 em comparação a A2, utilizando o programa SPSS versão 20.0. RESULTADOS: Foram acompanhadas 19 crianças, destas 79% foram classificadas com desenvolvimento normal no A1. As crianças que apresentaram déficits no A1 (10,5%), superaram no A2. Porém, no segundo atendimento, algumas passaram a apresentar dificuldade em novas tarefas/domínio (motor, motor fino e pessoal-social), de modo que 31,5% apresentaram desenvolvimento geral anormal em A2. Foi encontrada diferença significativa (p=0,02) ao comparar as classificações gerais de Denver II nos dois momentos de avaliação. O vínculo mãe-filho foi classificado como fraco (média de 5,8 pontos). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que os bebês superaram os atrasos identificados na primeira avaliação, embora os resultados no Denver tiveram variações ao longo do tempo. Dessa forma, acredita-se que o perfil familiar identificado nesta pesquisa somada a abordagem multiprofissional possa ter favorecido o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor dos bebês prematuros com até 12 meses de idade corrigida.

Implementing Family-Centered Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit - A Quality Improvement Initiative.

The present study aims to implement family-centered care (FCC) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). FCC facilitates mother-infant bonding with benefits for both families and health system. The authors used quality-improvement (QI) methods to implement FCC in level-2 NICUfrom an existing baseline of 30% to 80% over a period of 6 mo. Using the Institute of Healthcare model for improvement, the authors implemented strategies for family participation in caregiving activities, oral feeding and kangaroo care for neonates admitted in level-2 NICU. Eligibility criteria included the availability of at least one family member, preferably the mother for at least 6h/d and a stable neonate based on physiological criteria irrespective of gestational age. The key interventions were: (1) adoption of a unit protocol for FCC with expanded visitation hours; (2) parental education through audio-visual aids, and (3) capacity building through training and peer support. Between August 2019 and January 2020, 1587 neonates were admitted to the NICU and 505 admitted in level-2 were enrolled. The proportion of eligible mother-infant dyads participating in FCC increased from a baseline of 32% to 44% during intervention and to 66% in the postintervention phase. The number of days per month FCC wastracked increased from 67% in the baseline to 82% in postintervention phase. There was no increase in the incidence of sepsis after implementation of FCC. Orientation of parents to FCC using audio-visual aids, provision of hands-on training and peer-support facilitated them to become active participants in their neonates' care.

Grupos de Orientação Parental: um relato de experiência

A conjuntura familiar é uma das maiores influências no processo de desenvolvimento infantil, de modo que, estudos voltados às práticas parentais possuem significativa relevância científica, acadêmica e social. Dessa forma, o presente artigo objetiva relatar a experiência da realização de Grupos de Orientação Parental no período de três anos em uma cidade de Santa Catarina. Trata-se de um estudo Descritivo e Transversal do tipo Relato de Experiência. Participaram 49 pais, que foram seccionados em seis grupos no decurso dos três anos de aplicação, com encontros semanais. Por conseguinte, ao sobrepor Práticas Grupais com Orientação para Pais, evidenciou-se que os benefícios dos atendimentos em grupo são diversos, considerando que este formato favorece oportunidades para aprendizagem, maior apoio entre os membros, redução do estigma e aumento do autofoco. Contudo, os desafios aos terapeutas são muitos e o desenvolvimento de determinadas características profissionais necessárias para o alcance dos resultados esperados. Essa asserção caracteriza notadamente a importância dos Estágios Obrigatórios, podendo ser uma importante oportunidade para a aquisição dessas competências, na mesma medida que possibilita aplicar a teoria na prática.

СОЦИАЛНО НАУЧАВАНЕ В ДЕТСТВОТО: ВЛИЯНИЕ НА СЕМЕЙСТВОТО И ЕЛЕКТРОННИТЕ МЕДИИ

Social learning in childhood is realized under the influence of many factors, among which is the leading role of the family. The specifics of the article present results, analytical characteristics and conclusions related to the role of electronic media for the production of prosocial and (or) aggressive behavior in preschool childhood, through the orientations of parents to the negative personal qualities built under their influence. The conclusions reflect the adequate perception of the parents about the negative patterns of behavior and the stereotypes planted by the electronic media. Respondents are of the opinion that their children are not attracted to programs and characters from the electronic media because of the conflicts and aggression. At the same time, the answers do not show that children are attracted by their positive antipodes – tolerance, good manners, communication skills. This means that the family underestimates the „attack“ of the electronic media in preschool age and there is a high probability that the family compensatory will be doomed in the following age periods.

Do Foster Care Agencies Discriminate Against Gay Couples? Evidence from a Correspondence Study

AbstractThere has been considerable recent debate regarding proposed policies that would allow foster care administrators to discriminate on the basis of the sexual orientation of the foster parent. To date, however, we know very little about the level of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in the foster care system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first empirical investigation to ask whether foster care agencies, the public, and nonprofit firms that facilitate foster care placements respond similarly to e‐mails sent by fictitious same‐sex and heterosexual couples who inquire about becoming foster parents. Our results suggest that, while foster care agencies respond at somewhat similar rates to gay male couples, gay female couples, and heterosexual couples, responses sent to gay males are of lower quality. Gay males receive much shorter responses that take longer to receive. Responses to gay male couples are also less likely to include essential information about the process of becoming a foster parent, such as details about informational sessions or being given an application. We do not find any evidence of differential treatment towards same‐sex female couples.

Orientação Parental em Grupo com cuidadores de adolescentes: um relato de experiência

Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, com objetivo de descrever as sessões de intervenção de um grupo de orientação de pais para cuidadores de adolescentes. A intervenção se deu em dez sessões, de uma hora semanal, previamente estruturadas. Participaram cinco cuidadoras. Os instrumentos utilizados foram diário de campo produzidos pelas pesquisadoras que realizaram as intervenções no grupo e entrevistas semiestruturadas com as participantes, aplicada um encontro antes do primeira sessão da intervenção. Os resultados foram analisados quanto ao seu conteúdo, de onde se originaram três categorias: comunicação efetiva, parentalidade e uso de telas exemplificados em cada uma das dez sessões. Percebe-se a importância da intervenção em grupo para orientação parental através das mudanças cotidianas na organização familiar, incremento na comunicação das cuidadoras com seus filhos, seguimento de rotina por parte do adolescente, sob orientação parental e promoção de escuta ativa, clara e aberta das cuidadoras com os adolescentes.

Infants' response to a mobile phone modified still-face paradigm: Links to maternal behaviors and beliefs regarding technoference.

Interruptions to parent-child interactions due to technology, or "technoference," have been correlated with a host of negative child developmental outcomes. Yet, the influence of technoference on parent-infant interactions and infant behaviors has received less attention and more experimental work is warranted. For this study, parent-infant dyads (n=227) completed a modified still-face paradigm (SFP) using a mobile phone during the still-face phase. Infant responses were coded for positive and negative affect, object and parent orientation, self-comforting, and escape behaviors during the task. Results showed a robust still-face effect, with infants displaying increased negative affect, decreased positive affect, increased self-comforting, object orientation, and escape behaviors during the "still-face" or phone distracted phase of the paradigm and frequently failing to return to baseline during the reunion phase. Older infants (older than 9months) likewise demonstrated higher levels of negative affect across all three phases of the paradigm relative to younger infants (less than 9months). Parent reports of technoference behavior were related to increased object orientation for younger infants. Parental technoference behaviors were also linked to more escape behaviors for younger infants and decreased object orientation in older infants during the still-face portion of the SFP. Higher levels of technoference also appear to attenuate the negative emotional response of infants during still face. Results are discussed in relation to infants' increasing exposure to digital technology in the context of early relationships.

Tackling Prejudice and Discrimination Towards Families with Same-Sex Parents: An Exploratory Study in Italy

Though studies have shown that the sexual orientation of parents does not influence their parenting skills or the well-being of their children, prejudice against same-sex families is still very widespread. Research has not sufficiently explored the ways in which parents tackle this prejudice. Using qualitative methodologies, in particular textual analyses, this study has analysed the discourse used by same-sex families to handle the prejudices that they face. The results highlighted that conflicts, which may even be ideological in nature, are sometimes created between traditional families and “atypical” families. These often result in estrangement and isolation from their own family and the communities to which they belong, in turn damaging the growth of the children involved. Furthermore, means for moving beyond conflict, sharing experiences and effectively tackling prejudices are also discussed.

Reversion of Post-Shape Memory Effect Twins During Unloading of Uranium-6 wt pct Niobium

Uranium-6 wt pct niobium (14 at pct niobium) displays the shape memory effect (SME), where deformation proceeds by twinning and twin rearrangement via boundary migration within the SME regime. In-situ neutron diffraction during deformation suggests that after SME strain is exhausted, deformation proceeds via another twinning mechanism that does not recover to the original parent orientation upon reheating and transformation. Here we show from in-situ tensile and compressive loading and unloading experiments that early post-SME twins partially reverse during unloading, which is evident by rapid texture evolution, and this reversion is responsible for the inelastic portion of the previously reported ~ 2 pct strain recovery.

Specifics of the Social Mentality of Adopted Parents as a Social Group

The article is part of a series of papers dedicated to the study of foster  parents’ value chain as the main regulator of child-parent relationships. The relevance of the study is linked to the need to study the outlook of the adoptive parents as the basis for the spiritual and moral upbringing of the child, which transmits the values, traditions and ways of behavior of the people.  The analysis of modern research has shown the special role of the value and meaning orientations of foster parents in the development of the institution of foster families, on the one hand, and insufficient empirical evidence on the other. The aim of the authors was to study the particularities of the mentality of adoptive / foster parents as a special social group, offering the State their services for the upbringing of orphaned children. The hypotheses of the study were that: 1) the basic identity orientation of the foster parents is relationship values; 2) the core of the structure of the foster parents’ social perceptions of the spiritual and moral sphere is filled with affective-sensual characteristics, such as love and affection. The methodological base of the research became “Unfinished proposals”, “Method of free association” and the questionnaire “Spiritual and moral upbringing”. 66  foster parents (average age M=49, 60±10.00 years) and 80 blood parents (average age M=47±4) years participated in the study. The theoretical basis of the study was the theory of social representations (S. Moscovichi) and “Psychological image of the people” (the concept of E.N. Reznikov). Quantitative and qualitative analyses showed the dominant value of relationships in the mentality of foster parents and weak expression of moral and psychological values of the affective-sensual sphere. The spiritual and moral sphere in the everyday consciousness of both foster and blood parents, is expressed by religious values and linked to the belief in God, that, according to E.N. Reznikov, forms the basis of the Russian mentality.

Features of the value-meaning sphere of parents raising children with autism spectrum disorders

The paper is devoted to the study of the meaning sphere of parents raising children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that the birth of a sick child radically changes the family’s life, breaking the existing system of values, life-meaning orientations. The psychological support of such families, providing them with the psychological assistance should begin with the search for new life meanings, the adoption of new values. The article describes the results of a study of changes in the value meaning sphere of parents raising children with serious disabilities. The article contains an analysis of domestic and foreign studies of family psychology, issues of early childhood autism. There are the description of empirical data from the study of changes in the life-meaning orientations of parents after the birth of a child with ASD, presentation of the results of a comparative analysis of life-meaning orientations and values for both group of parents. As a result, possible ways of helping parents raising a child with autistic symptoms were outlined.

Curriculum orientations and their role in parental involvement among immigrant parents

The current study is based on interviews with 19 immigrant parents from Eastern European countries, whose children attend elementary schools in the province of Ontario, Canada. It uses the concept of curriculum orientations (academic rationalism, social efficiency, humanism and social reconstruction) to explore the connections between parental satisfaction with school and their involvement in children's education. I found that interviewed parents were split between supporters of academic rationalism and the blend of social efficiency and humanism. Parents who adopted social efficiency and humanism were satisfied with their children's education and followed normative school‐based involvement. Parents who preferred academic rationalism were not happy with their children's school and expected more emphasis on academic development. They were mostly active at home and faced difficulty communicating with teachers. Mismatch in curriculum orientations of immigrant parents and host country teachers results in additional barriers to their parental involvement and might shape such involvement in profound ways.

Transformation mechanisms and governing orientation relationships through selective dissolution of Ni via liquid metal dealloying from (FeCo)xNi100−x precursors

Liquid metal dealloying (LMD) is a promising technique that can be used to synthesize non-noble porous materials by preventing oxidation through using a metallic melt. However, the phase transformation behavior between a parent grain and synthesized ligaments surrounded by penetrating liquid metal channels remains unknown, despite its importance on the final physical properties. In this study, the temperature effect on the transformation mechanisms during the LMD process is investigated. At a low temperature of 600 °C, a fcc grain of (FeCo)xNi100−x precursors transforms to bcc FeCo ligaments by following unique orientation relationships (ORs), which differ from the well-known ORs like Bain, Kurdjumov-Sachs and Nishiyama-Wassermann. A few select variants are generated in the proposed ORs, and the formation of coincident site lattice boundaries is shown to play a crucial role in the variant selection to reduce the internal energy of the initial nanostructure. However, at a higher temperature of 800 °C, the crystal orientation of ligaments prefers to align in the <111> direction, which is parallel to the flow direction of Mg melt, owing to a strong interaction between the melt and ligaments. Ligaments are elongated along with the fiber texture, and this transformation behavior is irrelevant to the parent orientation.

CONTRIBUTION OF LEARNING ORIENTATION AND PARENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ON THE RESULTS OF SEWING TRAINING PARTICIPANTS IN BALAI LATIHAN KERJA DAN PENGEMBANGAN PRODUKTIVITAS (BLKPP) YOGYAKARTA

Vocational training is an effort to increase productivity and create jobs. In the education process there are factors that influence learning outcomes, including learning orientation and socioeconomic status of parents. This research is a correlational research using survey method with instruments using questionnaires and observation test values. The research subjects used were 31 participants in the skills training program at (BLKPP) Yogyakarta. Data analysis technique uses F test at 5% significance level. The results of the first correlation coefficient are obtained r count = 0.436 R (0.05) (30) = 0.296, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between learning orientation towards learning outcomes of trainees. The results of the second correlation coefficient obtained r count value (0.574) r table (0.05) (30) (0.296) so that it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the socio-economic status of parents and the learning outcomes of trainees. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the value of F calculated 7.109 F table (3.32) at a significance level of 5%, so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between learning orientation and socio-economic status of parents on the learning outcomes of skills training participants in BPLKPP Yogyakarta.

Reflections on Provision of Primary Education and Way Forward in Nigeria

Primary education is an important stage in the education process, being the foundation for other stages. When the foundation of a building is weak, such building stands the risk of collapse in future, but will stand the test of time if it is strong. Primary education provides opportunity for a child to acquire knowledge, skills, traits, and values that can make him/her excel at the secondary and tertiary levels. Unfortunately, there are unresolved issues in its provision in Nigeria. In this paper, inadequate access to it, wastage in its provision, unstable curriculum, teaching of subjects by a teacher, unstable management, among other issues, are examined. The paper recommend the orientation of parents and guardians, strong commitment of government in funding and resource provision, among others, to salvage the situation and move primary education forward from the status quo

Profiling parental orientation to early childhood curriculum

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to identify the curricular preferences of parents for their youngsters. The study sample included 1490 parents with children enrolled in private preschool and prekindergarten classrooms. Data for the present study were collected via online surveys. Parents prioritized eleven academic and developmental areas in descending order on the questionnaire form. The latent class analysis was performed on parents’ rankings of academic and developmental areas to identify classes of parents with similar priorities. The results indicated that based on their preferences parents can be empirically classified into three groups: Academic, Developmental, and Balanced. The results also indicated that parents with pre-kindergartners were more likely to be in the Academic class while parents with preschoolers were more likely to be in the Developmental class. The overall findings suggest that parental preferences regarding early childhood curricula correspond with the ongoing debate in the relevant literature. The congruence between parental preferences and the curricular objectives is likely to promote the effective implementation of the curriculum for young children within diverse settings. Therefore, practitioners and administrators should survey parental priorities and expectations regarding early educational activities and services provided in schools.

The development of episodic foresight in preschoolers: the role of socioeconomic status, parental future orientation, and family context

Episodic foresight (EF) refers to the ability to anticipate future states of the self. Despite almost two decades of research, no studies explored how family context variables relate to the development of this ability. The objectives of this study were to explore the association of socioeconomic status (SES), parental consideration of future consequences (CFC), and family environment quality on the development of episodic foresight and to compare the magnitude of the effects of these same variables on delay of gratification and planning.Sixty-four dyads composed by 4-year-old Uruguayan children and their main caregiver participated in the study. Children were administered experiments on episodic foresight, delay of gratification, planning, and receptive language. Parents reported socioeconomic status, family environment, and their consideration of future consequences. Even though parents’ limit setting was associated to higher EF in children and parental CFC-I was a predictor in multiple regression analysis, these effects ceased to be significant when controlled by child’s receptive language and caregiver education, being these the main predictors of EF. Results also indicate that SES significantly distinguishes the performance in future-oriented skills and language, being the magnitude of the effect higher for EF in comparison with planning and delay of gratification. This study supports that EF is related to SES to a greater extent than other variables traditionally assessed in studies of poverty and child development. We discuss implications of low SES and language skills in the light of EF development and immediate-oriented behavior in contexts of deprivation.