Parental Responsibility Research Articles

URGENSI NILAI-NILAI AGAMA ISLAM DALAM PENDIDIKAN ANAK DI ERA DIGITAL

Globally, fundamental changes as a result of the digital age. Not only in the field of technology and communication, changes also occur in children's daily behavior. Various bad shows can be accessed by children easily and can have negative behavioral effects on children. Supervision from parents is needed to guide children so that negative impacts can be minimized. The problem that occurs is that most parents are confused about what should be done to prepare children to face their environment. Instilling religious values from an early age is expected to be one of the bulwarks of children facing change. This study aims to describe the early cultivation of religious values in the digital age which is full of extraordinary challenges through several strategies for instilling religious values such as understanding parental responsibility, parental commitment to children, and learning from the noblest example in Islam. The results of this study are expected to be one of the inputs for the world of children's education, especially in the family environment in preparing children in the digital era which is also referred to as the era of disruption.

Parental Responsibility – a Rose by any Other Name...

Parental responsibility is among the key questions in family law—what should it be called and how should it be approached? Considering various countries, there is evidently no clear consensus. Ultimately, regardless of the label attached—be it parental care, parental authority, parental responsibility, or parental rights and obligations—the driving principle must be the best interest of the child. Is it possible, or even feasible, to come to a terminological and systematic unity across different national legislations? Does it even matter how we refer to this concept, as long as the contents are up to par? The following study is devoted to a systematic and terminological problem concerning one of the most important types of family law relations—the rights and obligations of parents. In this field, Slovak family law shows a certain underdevelopment, especially in relation to European legislation.

Fostering Religious Tolerance in Early Childhood: The Influence of Parental Role

Tolerance is needed in a diverse environment with different religions, ethnicities, customs, and cultures. So tolerance requires a culture that is done from an early age. Religion has fundamental values that teach its adherents to respect people of different faiths and beliefs so that it can be used as a guide for parents to provide assistance and develop tolerance at home. This research aims to investigate how the involvement and role of parents in cultivating the value of patience at home; do they provide support or hinder? The location of this research is Luwu Raya, a fertile area in Indonesia. This is qualitative research where the researchers chose 105 parents who had early childhood and lived together at home. Interviews were conducted via telephone, and several statements and questions were provided via Google form. The research analysis found that most of the early childhood children have parents who are still intact, live together and are given assistance that supports the cultivation of tolerance values at home. The religious-based tolerance values instilled are moderate (tawassuth), tolerant (tasamuh), balanced (tawazun), equality (musawah), peace (islah), and fair (i`tidal). In addition, the role of parents is mainly done by setting an example and, to a lesser extent, by applying rules and respect. This support is also related to the teachings of the Islamic religion, which emphasises the enormous responsibility of parents. The role of parents in cultivating the value of tolerance is a distinctive feature of a Muslim family, which strongly emphasises the solid relationship in parenting between parents and their children. This condition must be continued in school institutions and the environment, dramatically determining these efforts.

“It’s Not a One-Time Conversation”: Australian Parental Views on Supporting Young People in Relation to Pornography Exposure

While pornography provides opportunities for sexual exploration for young people, early and easy access also has possible negative implications for young people’s behavioural and sexual development. Parental responsibilities concerning their children’s consumption of pornography are largely misunderstood. This study explored parental experiences and beliefs about pornography education for young people using a qualitative study (n = 8, 6 females, 2 males). Interview data were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach. Results indicated that parents have concerns about the ease of access to pornography and the unmediated ideas it presents. Additionally, parents believe they have a responsibility to educate young people about pornography through having open and honest conversations and providing supervision. Further, parents believe that schools should be doing more to educate young people about pornography. This study extends upon current literature by suggesting that although parents feel well-equipped to communicate with and educate young people about pornography consumption, they lack confidence in their capacities to do this.

Consanguineous couples' experiences and views regarding expanded carrier screening: Barriers and facilitators in the decision-making process.

Expanded carrier screening (ECS) entails a screening offer for multiple recessive disorders at the same time, and allows testing of individuals or couples regardless of ancestry or geographic origin. Children of consanguineous couples have a higher-than-average risk of manifesting autosomal recessive disorders. This study aims to contribute to the responsible implementation of ECS for consanguineous couples. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with consanguineous couples who had recently participated in Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)-based ECS at Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), the Netherlands. The test offered at MUMC+ covers a large number of disease-related genes (~2000), including severe, relatively mild, early- and late-onset disorders. Respondents were interviewed about their views on, and experiences with participation in WES-based ECS. Overall, participation was experienced as worthwhile: it enabled respondents to make informed choices with regard to family planning as well as to take on the presumed parental responsibility to deliver their children as healthy as possible. Furthermore, our findings suggest that (1) true consent for having this test requires timely information about the possible implications of a positive test result for specific categories of findings, as well as about the success rates of the available reproductive options; (2) the clinical geneticist can play a pivotal part in informing participants as well as providing clear information about autosomal recessive inheritance; (3) more research is needed to explore what type of genetic risk information is considered 'meaningful' by participants and actually contributes to reproductive decision-making.

More than two parents?

More and more children in the Netherlands grow up in stepfamilies and stepparents may play an important role in children’s lives. Stepparents have had relatively few legal rights, yet the strengthening of their legal position – as well as of other parental figures – has been an ongoing public and political issue in Dutch society. Little is known about how parents actually think about parental rights for stepparents. Using large-scale Dutch survey data from 2020, this study described divorced and separated parents’ attitudes toward parental responsibility and legal parenthood of stepparents in stepfamilies. In addition, the study explored how support for these rights depended upon people’s own (step)family situation and the role of conflict in these associations. Results showed that a minority of parents supported legal rights for stepparents. About a third of parents thought that resident stepparents should be able to get partial parental responsibility compared to 8% in favour of full parental responsibility for these stepparents. Support for rights of nonresident stepparents and for legal parenthood of stepparents was lower. Support levels were found to be dependent on parents’ own experiences with stepparenting, particularly in case divorced parents had much conflict with their ex-partner. Parents with full-time resident children and those with a new partner (especially a spouse) were more supportive, whereas parents whose ex-partner had a new partner and family as well as those who had nonresident stepchildren living part time or full time with the ex-partner of their new partner showed less support. Overall, the results suggest that support for establishing legal rights for stepparents is not self-evident among divorced and separated parents and that views on stepparent rights likely differ between different parental figures, even more so in high-conflict situations.

Children Are Not Miniature Adults: Child-Friendly Healthcare in Practice

Although, as eloquently stated by Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget, "Children are not miniature adults" (Piaget, 2001), it remains common in pediatric clinical nursing practice to encounter viewpoints such as "Be patient and it will pass!" and "Is it really that bad?" as well as insensitive comments such as "Cry again, and I'll…" Dealing with children and their families during invasive treatments is a daily challenge as well as source of fulfillment for pediatric nurses. The concept of child-friendly care centers on providing support and care that addresses the needs of both the child and family to help them adapt to various situations within the healthcare environment (Lookabaugh & Ballard, 2018). Child-friendly healthcare must be grounded in the recognition of children's rights, which includes the right to health and the right to healthcare (Lenton & Ehrich, 2015). Strategies, policies, and environmental transformations are necessary to translate this concept into practice. One related strategy commonly used in pediatric nursing practice is therapeutic play, which encompasses instructional, cathartic, and physical health promotion categories (Hockenberry et al., 2023). By engaging in therapeutic play, hospitalized children can better comprehend the tests or treatments they are about to undergo, alleviate their fear and pain, and develop healthier behaviors. It is also crucial to approach long-debated issues such as whether children and adolescents should visit family members in intensive care units from a child-friendly perspective. German scholars Brauchle et al. (2023) proposed recommendations for child-friendly visitation policies that consider the prerequisites and responsibilities of medical staff, parents, and children. In recent years, Taiwan has made great strides in integrating child life specialists and art and music therapists into hospital medical teams. This inclusion is helping families better adapt to the medical environment and better cope with medical and treatment situations, fostering more-positive medical and nursing experiences (Fang et al., 2020). Furthermore, reconstructing the medical environment for children; designing safe and healing spaces (Chang, 2021); and providing overall-friendly physical, psychological, social, and spiritual care to children and their families are essential. Each of the three topics in this column reflect the relationships between pediatric emergency nurses and, respectively, patients, and the healing functions of music therapy and art therapy, and provide important insights into the world of children through the lens of child-friendly care.

Stepparents’ Upbringing Obligation Towards their Stepchildren

Abstract The article explores the issue of reconstructed families, focusing specifically on the roles of individual family members and the processes that occur within such families. Due to the complexity of the above processes, the article concentrates on the deliberations about the stepparent’s upbringing process towards the stepchild, determining its content, scope and role. The article analyses of the stepparent’s duty towards the stepchild, highlighting its normative sources, and assesses this duty in relation to the parental authority of the spouse and the parental authority of the other biological parent outside the reconstructed family. The deliberations presented in the article aim to support the primary thesis of the article that in order for the foster parent’s current custody of the child to be effective, the stepparent’s situation in terms of upbringing obligation should be made independent of the biological parent’ situation, which stems from their parental authority. The article proposes introducing for example, an institution of the so-called “adoptive parent’s care” that would encompass some rights and obligations typical of parental authority and independent of the parental authority of the child’s biological parent. This could serve as an equivalent to the concept of parental responsibility found in English law.

Ibero-American Transnational Families: a review of the international judicial jurisdiction rules that accompany migrant women

This paper provides some keys to better respond to cases of parental responsibility that arise in transnational families. In particular, we look at women of Ibero-American origin who have arrived in Spain in an economic migration leaving their children in the care of relatives or close people in their States of origin. To do this, firstly, an analysis of the differences between transnational and cross-border families is made, emphasizing the family relocation that exists in transnational families and the need, therefore, as a singular reality, to also provide specific answers. Next, the rules of international judicial jurisdiction are analyzed, in particular, the Hague Convention of 1996 and it is analyzed, through various sentences, how the Spanish courts have applied it. In this application, it is detected that there is an absolute lack of gender perspective and the need for flexibility in the responses, taking into account the special situation in which mothers, residing in Spain, find themselves with their children in their States of origin.

The participation of the European Union in the Conventions of the Hague Conference on Private International Law and its relationship with the regulations

This paper analyses the competence of the European Union to regulate questions of private international law and how this has affected the negotiation of agreements with third States, where the European Union also plays a leading role. In relation to this, the participation of the European Union in the conventions of the Hague Conference on Private International Law and the relations established with the Regulations of the European Union are analysed. The paper starts by analysing the most important Regulations adopted by the European Union regarding international jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judicial decisions - Regulation 1215/2012 in civil and commercial matters and Regulation 2019/1111 on matrimonial crises and parental responsibility issues- to then identify the Conventions of the Hague Conference on Private International Law on overlapping matters and analyse the relations between them. As can be seen, the relations are easy to articulate in the area of recognition and enforcement of judicial decisions, given the inter partes nature of these rules, but greater difficulties arise in relation to international jurisdiction rules, which raises criticism in the European Union.

Abdullah Nasih Ulwan's Concept in the Book of Tarbiyatul Aulad Fil Islam About the Influence of Education on Free Association in the Millineal Era

Education is very important for humans, because with education humans can become better human beings in various kinds of things, both worldly and hereafter. Education is a tool used to grow, develop, improve human identity. Therefore, it is certain that education is the big responsibility of educators, especially children's education, whether related to faith, morals, mental, physical or spiritual. In terms of children's education, we must realize that educating children is the responsibility of parents, how happy parents will be when in the future they can see their children grow into good human beings in faith, morals, mentally, physically and spiritually. However, in educating children an educator must be able to find new alternative methods that are more effective by applying the educational foundations that are influential in preparing children mentally and morally, scientifically, spiritually, and socially, so that children can become good human beings. To help educators carry out education, the Prophet has exemplified various kinds of educational methods which according to Abdullah Nasih Ulwan are as follows: Education by exemplary, Education with customs, Education with Advice, Education by giving attention, Education by giving punishment.

Pertanggungjawaban Ayah Terhadap Anak Kandung Sebagai Kewajiban Hukum Dalam Lingkup Rumah Tangga Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga

Every husband/father in the household is prohibited from abandoning people within the scope of his family as stipulated in Article 9 paragraph (1) of the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Husband/father or because of approval or agreement, providing life, care, or maintenance to these biological children is obligatory. In positive law, a father is obliged to provide maintenance for his child. The issues raised are regarding 1) The responsibility of a father towards his biological children in terms of positive law; and 2) The legal considerations of the panel of judges regarding the responsibility of fathers towards their biological children; case studies of court decisions regarding child neglect. This research is juridical-normative research that is descriptive-analytical with a statutory approach. The study uses secondary data from the Medan District Court Decision collected by field study techniques at the Medan District Court Registrar's Office. Data analysis used qualitative data analysis methods. Results of the study: From the point of view of marriage law, the limits on the obligations and responsibilities of parents (including fathers) towards their biological children can be seen in Article 45 paragraph (2) of the Marriage Law. In implementing sentencing objectives, not all judges can explore the actual legal facts in a case. It is recommended that law enforcement officials in handling cases of criminal acts of child protection and domestic violence prioritize the best interests of the child.

Parenting in Risk Society: Vaccine Decision of Parents for Their Children During Covid-19 Pandemics

The current study is a literature review to analyze the parents' burden in deciding to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, during the pandemic while utilizing Ulrich Beck's risk society term. The definition, perception, and experience of risk in society are all important and developing topics of risk studies in the social sciences. According to Beck's idea of risk society, risk is a human construct that takes many forms due to technological advancement and global influence. Parents are primarily responsible for protecting their children against risks that have been amplified or otherwise attenuated. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased parental obligations by making the heightened risk a reality. These responsibilities include preventing contamination and vaccinating children. As the vaccines are promptly developed for a new disease, it is also seen to be risky. The study concludes that the COVID-19 vaccine decision is a recent and significant parental responsibility because of the risk society, which attributes the protection of individuals against primarily human-made and global threats. Moreover, opinions toward vaccination rely on several variables, including confidence in institutions, the health concerns associated with vaccination, and the influence of the virus on young children.

Parental Responsibilities and Health Issues: An Exploratory Study of Legal Disputes

The dominant paradigm today is that the child’s best interests require the involvement of both parents. Consequently, joint parental responsibility continues in most cases even after separation or divorce, and family courts are increasingly called upon to make difficult decisions over children’s health. This article is based on exploratory qualitative research and aims to identify the main challenges and possible solutions regarding the way in which parental health decision-making rights are structured and who can decide what, either individually or jointly. Through the thematic analysis of two interviews with mothers involved in family court conflicts over joint parental responsibility disagreements, this article shows that the focus on the joint exercise of parental responsibilities not only fosters family conflicts and court proceedings, but sometimes holds children’s health rights hostage to parental rights and court rulings. Despite the limitations of this exploratory study, the findings reinforce the critical nature of family law and policies and the effects on family conflicts.

Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Narkotika yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak Dibawah Umur di Bandar Lampung

Narcotics misuse and distribution have become so pervasive that everyone is now a victim. This study aims to "identify, clarify, and analyze the enforcement of laws against juvenile offenders of drug abuse in the Bandar Lampung area. It also examines the factors that contribute to juvenile offenders of drug abuse." With the normative juridical approach research was the methodology adopted for this analysis. Deductive reasoning techniques are employed in conjunction with normative legal research as the approach method for this article. The study's findings indicate that legal substances, legal institutions, legal environments, and legal cultures all have an impact on children's decisions to abuse drugs. The child's internal factors are the most significant ones. It has been successful to utilize law enforcement to stop those who abuse drugs on minors. It is the responsibility of parents to properly educate their children so that they are not susceptible to peer pressure to break the law. 
 

Tanggung Jawab Orangtua Katolik dalam Pendidikan Iman Anak di Stasi Santo Yosef Kampung Baru

This study aims to find out the forms of Catholic Parental Responsibility in Children's Faith Education, specifically in the field of koinonia, diakonia, and kerygma, which includes the forms of Catholic parental responsibility in children's faith education and the difficulties and challenges experienced by them. Catholic parents at St. Joseph Station Kampung Baru. This study uses a qualitative approach, observation, documentation and interviews from twelve informants are used to collect data. The results of this study indicate that responsibility is in various fields, such as koinonia which involves coaching in the form of gathering together in the family, giving advice on living in harmony, and teaching the values of mutual love; diakonia which includes coaching in terms of helping others, participating in church activities, and being involved in housework; as well as kerygma which prioritizes coaching such as reading and understanding the holy scriptures, giving reflections, and telling religious stories. However, several obstacles were also found, such as a lack of time between parents and children due to each other's busyness, challenges in managing time due to activities and work, and limited parental knowledge.

Comparison to Perceptions of Teachers and Head Teachers about Accountability Measures for Public School Improvement in Punjab

Every government faces the pressure of quality and accountability as it has become an international agenda. Countries are shaping their policies according to the interest of stakeholders in globalization and international competition. They plan to establish high-performing school systems. Developed and developing countries are also struggling with this movement to ensure the quality and accountability of schools. Different accountability approaches are in practice. Mixed methods research design opted for using an interview protocol and sur\vey with 2220 participants from public elementary schools. A pragmatic approach selected for reliability, and validity was assured while using a triangulation design. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were performed for the analysis of data. It concluded that educational accountability is a challenging job. Data revealed an ambiguity in the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders, teachers, head teachers, parents, students, and district administration. Assign duties may be clarified, and responsible persons may be considered answerable. Some policies are there, but these are in practice in a different sense. Implementation of policies may be authenticated. When students' achievement is considered the main drive of school effectiveness, and schools are rated accountable for results to nurture positive change. More than achievement in numbers alone is required for quality education, as this can easily be achieved through misreporting. For quality and improvement over time, some prime features like creativity and higher-order thinking skills are mandatory. In different situations, there may be other yardsticks to judge students' personality traits like teamwork, commitment, and emotional adjustment. School teachers and head teachers had recommended replacing test-based accountability with performance-based accountability to amplify student learning and success.

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Orang Tua Angkat yang Bercerai Terhadap Anak Angkat Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak (Studi Putusan Nomor 1294/Pdt.G/2015/Pa.Mks)

This qualitative study examines the responsibility of adoptive parents towards adopted children during divorce, the legal protection for adopted children in such situations, and analyzes Decision Number 1294/Pdt.G/2015/PA Mks. Adoptive parents, according to Islamic Law, should not sever the lineage/blood relationship with the biological parents, as adoption represents a humanitarian mission grounded in faith. Government Regulation Number 54 of 2007 sets conditions for child adoption, requiring prospective adoptive parents to possess economic and social capabilities to ensure proper care and education. In civil law, divorced adoptive parents remain responsible for the child's well-being until adulthood. Adopted children are protected in their rights, even in the event of divorce. The court's decision in Case Number 1294/Pdt.G/2015/PA Mks, granting custody to the mother, aligns with Islamic Law (Article 105). Divorce should be a last resort, with alternative solutions sought to protect children. Strengthening laws and regulations on child adoption is crucial to prevent broad interpretations. The government should provide counseling on the importance of registering adopted children's identities for their rights as Indonesian citizens. Judges should consider age-specific living arrangements for children, recognizing differing financial needs based on age

New Aspects in the Regulation of International Divorce: Council Regulation (EU) 2019/1111 of 25th June 2019 on Jurisdiction, Recognition, and Enforcement of Judgments in Matrimonial Matters and Parental Responsibility and on International Child Abduction

A reform that refers to two essential directions in civil matters was required along with the application of the principle of free movement in a modern and flexible manner. The amendment of Regulation (EC) no. 2201/2003 was carried out in the direction of divorce, legal separation, and annulment of marriage. The second direction considers the assignment, exercise, delegation and total or partial withdrawal of parental responsibility. The amending regulation clarifies the right of the child to be given the opportunity to express his opinion in the proceedings of which he is the object and contains provisions that complement the Hague Convention of October 25, 1980 on the civil aspects of international child abduction in relations between states EU member.

Are Socially Relevant Scenes Abnormally Processed in Complex Trauma-Exposed Children?

Abnormal attentional processes to socially relevant information may underlie behavioral dysfunctional symptoms in children exposed to a complex trauma. Attentional biases to social scenes close to real-world situations and their association with behavioral symptomatology were examined in complex trauma-exposed children. A visual dot-probe task involving neutral versus emotional (i.e., threatening, sad, or happy) scenes was applied to twenty-one maltreated children (mean age 10.43; 42.8% female; 61.1% White). These children were exposed to a complex trauma (i.e., severe, repeated, multiple, prolonged, and interpersonal) and were safeguarded in a juvenile welfare home after all parental responsibility was removed. Twenty-four comparable non-maltreated children (mean age 10.13; 29.2% female; 76% White), served as control group. All participants were at risk of social exclusion and every legal representative completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Complex trauma-exposed children showed an attentional bias toward threatening scenes, while the control group showed an attentional bias toward sad scenes. There were no differences for happy scenes between groups. Attentional bias toward threatening scenes was associated with withdrawn symptoms in complex trauma-exposed children. Children exposed to a complex trauma show an abnormal attention to threatening social situations, which can trigger maladaptive behaviors such as withdrawn. The understanding of how complex trauma-exposed children process affective environmental information may provide new targets in the social skills interventions such as diminishing maladaptive behaviors and improving coping strategies to face threatening situations.