Parental Orientation Research Articles

Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Adoptive Parents’ Attitudes Towards Racial Socialization Practices

ABSTRACTWe tested the validity and measurement invariance of the Transracial Adoptive Parenting scale (TAPS) across sexual orientation with a nationwide sample of adoptive parents. Our study sample consisted of 737 heterosexual, 102 lesbian, and 64 gay adoptive parents from the Modern Adoptive Families (MAF) study, a cross-sectional survey. We conducted reliability analyses, as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for the 29-item TAPs. We then tested for measurement invariance based on sexual orientation. Findings show the TAPS is a reliable scale with a two-factor model measuring racial socialization and managing bias related to racial socialization practices. However, there was measurement invariance based on parent sexual orientation. Our study informs practitioners that the TAPS measure is a useful tool for assessment and intervention that can be used with sexual minority transracial adoptive parents. However, cautions against comparing TAPs scores across parental sexual orientation.

원감을 통해 본 사립 유치원 학부모와의 갈등 원인과 갈등관리 유형

By exploring the typical and difficult conflicts that vice principals of rather large private kindergartens have experienced with parents, this study was attempted to identify causes of conflict between the kindergarten and parents, and conflict management types of the vice principals toward the parents; to find out effective methods to resolve the conflicts; and to review the conflicts from the point of view of the vice principals. For the purposes of this study, four vice principals with over 10 year principal career were selected as participants. The typical and difficult cases of conflicts that the vice principals had experienced with parents during the recent three years, were investigated with in-depth interviews. The results of this study are summarized in the following: First, the causes of conflict were analyzed inconvenience due to mistakes of kindergarten staffs, conflicts between parents, concern due to maladjustment of children, needs of customized individual support, and convenience orientation of parents. Second, looking at the type of conflict management of the vice principals, there are several types of conflict management: pushing hard, avoiding responsibility and accepting as requested by parents, and caring and integration. The conclusions from the study results are as follows: applying customized individual support, vice president’s capacity enhancement for communication technique and understanding parents, and parent education for the conflict management and communication are needed.

Социальная идентичность и ценностные ориентации у приемных родителей с разным количеством детей

The article is devoted to the study of social identity and value orientation characteristics of professional adoptive parents. The results of the empirical study have demonstrated a positive correlation between the number of orphans adopted into a family, the structure of a positive social identity and value orientations of adoptive parents. The study has established that with an increase in the number of children in a family there is a tendency towards social marginality, lowered structuredness and coherence of adoptive parents’ social identity, difficulties in identifying benchmark social groups. It has been shown that in their identification process the adoptive parents with many adopted children are more likely to choose a group based on the criteria related to their profession and to a lesser extent opt for their immediate social network groups. The study has established that the hierarchy of values of adoptive parents with many adopted children significantly differs from the values profile of adoptive parents with one or two adopted children.

The Parent First-Year Experience on a Community College Campus

This study explores the effects of a Parent First-Year Experience (PFYE) program at Washtenaw Community College. Specifically, the study addresses attitudes and perceptions of parents who participated in the PFYE program over the course of two years and the relationship between parent participation and students’ academic success and retention. A total of 71 (year 1 n=37; year 2 n=34) parents responded to the online survey. Researchers learned that parents who participated in the PFYE understood the milestones of their students’ first year and felt prepared to support their student through transition. Results indicated that the combination of parent orientation, e-newsletters, workshops, webinars, and online communication comprise an acceptable PFYE format. Beyond practical implications, this study serves as a launching point for future research and theories related to parental connectivity to the community college and further studies assessing the effects of PFYE programs.

Texture and Microstructure Development of Tensile Deformed High-Mn Steel during Early Stage of Recrystallization

The early stages of annealing behavior of a high-Mn steel were studied at 750°C for 120 and 300 seconds after straining to 30 and 60% (true strain). Different characterization methods comprising optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) were employed to study the macro-texture and microstructural evolutions. EBSD examination revealed that the products of γ‒e–α' transformation nucleate within deformation twins during deformation. Annealing of a specimen strained to 30% resulted in almost complete reversion of martensite to austenite, re-appearing of deformation twinning as well as partial static recrystallization with a weak texture. The recrystallized grains were formed from untwined parent orientations. Moreover, the nucleation of annealing twinning with a weak texture was observed in high kernel average misorientation area. A fine-grained structure with a weak texture (Copper, S, and Goss) was achieved at 750°C for 300 seconds after straining to 60%.

Orientation's Role in Addressing the Developmental Stages of Parents

Parents of traditional-age students confront many developmental challenges of their own when their children begin college. Yet, few parent orientation programs address these challenges during the orientation process. The current study was designed to determine how well two sessions that addressed the parents' developmental changes were evaluated compared to more traditional orientation activities. The two sessions were highly evaluated as parents cited these programs as two of the three most beneficial and named the speakers as the most helpful in orientation.

청소년 운동선수의 성취목표성향에 따른 부모동기분위기와 실패내성의 차이

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of parent – initiated motivational climate and failure tolerance according to goal orientation of adolescent athletes in Korea. We used cluster analysis method for dividing the level of goal orientation based on the fact that the two achievement goal orientations could be coexisted within an individual without being separated. 559 athletes belongs to Gwangju, Jeonnam, Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daegu, Gyeongnam, Chungbuk and Gangwon participated in this survey. The results of this study were as follows: First, a cluster analysis was divided into four groups: High Ego-Low Task(HiE-LoT), Low Ego-High Task(LoE-HiT), High Ego-High Task(HiE-HiT), Low Ego-Low Task(LoE-LoT). Second, there was a significant difference in learning-enjoyment and worryconducive of parent–initiated motivational climate according to goal orientation of participants. The learning-enjoyment climate of the parent–initiated motivational climate reflecting the task orientation was the highest in the group with HiE-HiT and the worry conducive climate reflecting ego orientation was the highest in the group with HiE-LoT. Third, there was a significant difference in all sub factors of failure tolerance according to goal orientation of participants. The HiE-HiT showed the highest score in all of the sub factors of failure tolerance. We expect the goal orientation of parents to be reflected in those of adolescent athletes, which affects the failure tolerance, the capacity that they should have as athletes. A further study should examine meaningful results on how the values and goal parents seek affect a adolescent athletes.

Exploring the Transition to Parenthood as a Pathway to Desistance

While criminologists know a great deal about how marriage and employment affect criminal behavior, scholars remain equivocal about the relationship between the transition to parenthood and desistance. This study seeks to contribute to the literature by (1) exploring gender differences in the transition to parenthood; (2) exploring how women’s offending behavior varies across motherhood states (i.e., pregnancy); (3) assessing important contexts of the relationship between parenthood and desistance, such as timing, residency, and parental orientation; and (4) assessing whether these contexts work together as a “respectability package”. I utilize data from The Pathways to Desistance Study, a longitudinal dataset of serious adolescent offenders, and fixed effects models to test whether the transition to parenthood is associated with periods of self-reported criminal desistance. This study finds that a binary measure of parenthood is often insufficient for exploring the effects of parenthood. Rather, the contextual nature of parenthood, particularly the timing of transition, residence with a child, and being highly invested in parenthood, reduces one’s odds of offending. Additionally, these contexts work together as a parenthood respectability package. However, these results vary by gender and offense type. The transition to parenthood, including both pregnancy and motherhood, seems to be an important factor for periods of temporary desistance among women, while the transition to fatherhood is associated with periods of aggressive offending desistance. The contexts of parenthood also work in gendered and offense-specific ways.

Importance of Stem Cell Transplantation in Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Treatment Protocol.

Cleft lip and palate is a congenital malformation that requires a multidisciplinary treatment that evolves pediatrician, obstetrics, fetal medicine, genetics, plastic surgery, orthodontics, speech therapist, nursery, and psychology. Actually, the authors believe that it could be possible to ad protocols to use stem cells.The intrauterine diagnosis leads to preborn parental orientation and better parental collaboration to accept a precocious multidisciplinary treatment. After birth the authors' protocol is: orthodontic devices, phonoaudiology, and surgical procedures.The authors' cleft lip and palate reconstructive surgery protocol demands several steps and begins at 4 to 6-month old with rhinocheiloplasty and soft palate closure at the same moment. The treatment sequence involves the hard palate surgery (8-18 months after the first surgical step), alveoloplasty (after 10 years old), and secondary rhinoplasty (after 14 years old).New ideas to use stem cells and blood from the umbilical cord and also blood from placenta are discussed to improve final surgical results. Maternal stem cells are easy to collect, there are no damage to the patient and mother, it is autologous and it could be very useful in the authors' protocol.Nine patients with clef lip and palate were operated and had stem cells from umbilical cord blood and placenta blood injected into the bone and soft tissue during the primary procedure (rhinocheiloplasty).The stem cells activity into soft tissue and bone were evaluated. Preliminary results have shown no adverse results and improvement at the inflammatory response. A treatment protocol with stem cells was developed. It had a long time follow-up of 10 years.

Reconstruction of deformed parent grains from microstructure inherited by phase transformations

The methods used to reconstruct austenite grains from martensite measured by Electron Backscattered Diffraction rely on two assumptions: the orientation relationship and the parent orientation are unique locally. However in presence of an orientation gradient, the second assumption is no longer respected. Therefore in this work, we have first evaluated the deviation to both assumptions which revealed that the presence of an orientation gradient increases the deviation to the second assumption so that it becomes difficult to guaranty a reliable reconstruction. Therefore an adaptation of the method is proposed to better account for the orientation gradient and improve reconstruction results.

Determining the orientation of parent β grain from one α variant in titanium alloys

The relationship between the crystallographic orientation and habit plane normal of transformed α laths in titanium alloys is discussed according to the Burgers orientation relationship and the three-dimensional structure of the α lath. A new method (orientation–trace method) is developed to determine the orientation of the parent β phase using the orientation of the α lath, which was measured by electron backscatter diffraction, and the microstructural morphology of that α variant. This approach is validated in a near-α titanium alloy. Moreover, the habit plane normal direction of the transformed α lath can be obtained from the crystallographic orientations of the α lath itself and its parent β grain. The verification and the corresponding discussion show the reliability of this approach.

Orientação e treinamento de pais: uma vivência clínica

This study aimed to implement and verify the effectiveness of the ‘Parent Orientation and Training Program’, which guides and empowers parents so that they learn to manage the contingencies of their educational practices. It is known that behavior modification techniques have been increasingly employed in the context of Neuropsychology. The article describes a clinical experience in which twenty – six parents participated in eight meetings. Qualitative data, obtained through an evaluation form, revealed high parental satisfaction. The qualitative analysis of the parents’ reports showed that they underwent a process of self-knowledge and presented changes, such as: increased participation and involvement in the childrens’ lives, establishment of clear and consistent rules, greater appreciation of appropriate child behaviors and increased frequency of praise for part of the parents with decrease or abandonment of the use of slaps. The therapeutic approach based on the training, reached its objectives, emphasizing that work of positive attention, prevention and intervention with the parents are necessary to increase the quality in the family interaction.

Interface energetics and structure of the pearlitic microstructure in steels: An atomistic and continuum investigation

Atomistic modeling is used to investigate the energetics and structures of commonly reported orientation relationships between ferrite and cementite within pearlite: the Bagaryatskii, the Isaichev, and the Pitsch-Petch, as well as their associated near orientations. Dislocation arrays are found to form for all orientation relationships, with their spacing and direction a function of lattice mismatch. Within each orientation relationship, different interfacial chemistries are found to produce identical dislocation spacings and line directions, but differing interfacial energies. This chemistry component to the interfacial energy is characterized and it is determined that in addition to the lattice mismatch, there are two structural factors within the cementite terminating plane that affect the energetics: the presence of like site iron pairs and proximity of carbon atoms to the interface. Additionally, an alternate method for determining the interfacial energy of systems in which there are multiple chemical potentials for a single element is developed and implemented, an approach which is likely valid for other similar systems. The Isaichev orientation relationship is found to be the most favorable, while the “near” orientation relationships are found to be at least as energetically favorable as their parent orientation relationships. A continuum model based on O-lattice theory and anisotropic continuum theory was also applied to the atomistic results, yielding interfacial energy approximations that match well with those from atomistics and allowing for the characterization of the Burgers vectors, which are found to lie in high symmetry directions of the ferrite within the interface plane.

Psychometric properties of the “parent-child relationship inventory” (PCRI) in a portuguese forensic sample

ABSTRACTIn Portugal, there is a gap regarding psychological tests validated for forensic contexts, particularly those related to child custody issues. The Parent–Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) is one of the most used instruments in child custody contexts. This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of PCRI in a Portuguese forensic sample. PCRI factorial structure and psychometric properties were analyzed in a sample of 144 parents involved in child custody assessments. The questionnaire showed good internal consistency, except for the parental support, autonomy, and role orientation scales. It also showed good discriminant capacity. The confirmatory factor analysis did not replicate the 7-factor model proposed by Gerard. The results were discussed based on the use of PCRI in the context of child custody assessment.

On Educational Advocacy and Cultural Work: Situating Community-Based Youth Work[ers] in Broader Educational Discourse

Background/ContextThe current educational market nestled in neoliberal and market-based reform efforts has shifted the nature of public education. Community-based educational spaces are also shaped within this context. As such, given the political and educational climate youth workers are situated in, their role as advocates, cultural workers, and pedagogues warrants greater exploration within educational scholarship. Although previous scholarship captures the significance of community-based youth workers in the lives of marginalized youth, their voices and experiences are absent from broader educational discourse. Subsequently, community-based youth workers’ relationship with schools, engagement with youth, and their pedagogical practices remain underutilized and undervalued.PurposeThe purpose of this article is to highlight the critical space youth workers occupy in the academic, social, and cultural lives of Black youth within community-based educational spaces. This article critically examines the intricate roles that youth workers play in the academic and social lives of youth and proposes deeper inquiry into the practices of youth workers and implications for broader education discourse.SettingThe study takes place at Educational Excellence (EE), a community-based educational program operating after school in the Northeastern part of the United States.Research DesignThis study employed a critical qualitative design with ethnographic methods. Participant observations occurred at program events for youth and their families over 13 months, events during the holidays (2), middle and high school retreats (2), staff retreats (2), parent orientation meetings (4), curriculum planning meetings (13), and staff-development trainings (10). In order to triangulate participant observation data, every youth worker was interviewed individually (n = 20) and observed during (or in) staff meetings, organizational events, and interaction with coworkers and students in the program. A total of three focus groups, lasting between 60 minutes and 90 minutes were held with participants.Findings/ResultsFindings indicate that a combination of factors contributes to the important role that youth workers play in the lives of students. From their vantage point, youth workers are community members that have extensive knowledge of the current educational landscape and the ways in which it shapes the experiences, opportunities, and outcomes of youth in their program. As former school administrators, teachers, and life-long community-based educators, youth workers’ understanding and analysis of students’ experiences in schools is extremely significant to their understanding of educational problems and the needs of their students. As such, youth workers were able to revive students through culturally responsive and relevant curricula and engagement that gave students an opportunity to think critically about the world around them and to also think more deeply about their social, academic, and political identities.Conclusions/RecommendationsYouth workers within community-based educational spaces serve as essential actors in the lives of young people. Recognizing and validating these educators and community-based spaces as distinct, equally important, and complimentary spaces to schools and classroom teachers is an essential step in the process of reimagining the possibilities of youth work in community-based settings and in broader conceptions of educational opportunity. Further research and practice should recognize community-based spaces as vital sites of learning and growth for young people. In addition, education research and policy should acknowledge the distinct value and pedagogical practices of community-based educational spaces from traditional school spaces.

The community corrections perspective toward sex offender management policies and collateral consequences: does contact with sex offenders matter?

Since the 1990s, numerous policies have been enacted aimed at managing sex offenders in the community. Two of the most prominent management policies are registries for sex offenders and residence restrictions. Community corrections professionals are tasked with enforcing these policies and yet little is known about their perceptions toward sex offenders and the policies in place to manage them. Prior research has suggested that contact with sex offenders may place a significant role in shaping the attitudes of community corrections professionals toward sex offender management policies and collateral consequences. The current study investigates the effect of contact with sex offenders on the perceptions of community corrections professionals (n = 209) toward sex offender management policies and collateral consequences faced by sex offenders. Findings suggest that contact with sex offenders does not influence the attitudes of community corrections professionals, but several other significant factors were revealed including parental status, political orientation, race, tenure, sex, and age.

Personality, socio-economic status and education: factors that contribute to the degree of structure in homeschooling

Homeschooling has been expanding in many countries in the western world, especially in the United States and in England. Studies have shown that there are different types of homeschooling, with different influences on the outcome of the educational process. However, the research to date has ignored the effects of parents’ personality and background on the practice of homeschooling, despite extensive evidence of the important role of these factors in shaping the educational orientation of parents. The present study focused on the impact of different aspects of parents’ personality and socioeconomic status on the type of homeschooling they chose. The findings indicated, among other things, that mother’s education correlated positively with more structured homeschooling, and family income and conscientiousness both correlated positively with more structure in daily routine and in homeschooling.

Parenting Practices and Attitudes and the Role of Belief in Supernatural Evil: Results From a National U.S. Survey

Research on parenting has explored a variety of religious factors affecting child-rearing outcomes but has devoted limited attention to supernatural evil. We extend this work by examining the relationship between parents’ belief in supernatural evil and their child-rearing outcomes. We propose that parents with greater belief in supernatural evil practice “supernatural risk management,” and they use parenting orientations more closely associated with obedience and control to counter the potential influence of supernatural antagonists. Using a national survey of Americans with a multi-item index of belief in supernatural evil, we estimate models predicting five parenting outcomes: corporal punishment, using time outs, praising a child instead of disciplining, closely monitoring children, and closely monitoring children’s entertainment intake. We find partial support for our hypothesis as belief in supernatural evil is positively associated with corporal punishment, while negatively associated with believin...

Application of Newton's method for precise calculation of parent orientation and orientation relationship from orientations of daughter phase

For any quantitative study on microstructure of a product phase, information on the parent orientation and orientation relationship is essential, yet it is often lost after phase transformation. Even a numerical approach to the problem was proposed elsewhere, a description of the method used for numerical fitting, its efficiency and accuracy has not been reported so far. Here, we address in details the use of Newton's method as one of the fastest convergence techniques for least squares fitting of parent orientation and orientation relationship from EBSD data of the product phase. A robust algorithm with high precision is proposed in a form convenient for programming. Calculation errors, which are evaluated by a novel approach based on simulation of the daughter orientations, are 0.02° for parent orientation and 0.06° for orientation relationship.

Meaning and coping orientation of bereaved parents: Individual and dyadic processes.

The present study aimed to examine whether bereaved parents “meaning-made”–defined as results of attempts to reduce discrepancies between the meaning assigned to the death of the child and self and world-views—was influenced by their own and their partner’s coping orientations. Coping orientations were conceptualized within the Dual Process Model, which entails loss coping orientation (LO; focus on the loss itself), restoration coping orientations (RO; focus on stressors that come about as an indirect consequence of the bereavement), and a flexible oscillation between both coping orientations. The sample consisted of 227 couples identified through obituary notices in local and national newspapers, who provided data at 6, 13, and 20 months after the death of their child. At all three points of measurement, both partners independently completed the Dual Coping Inventory (DCI) and a scale developed by the authors about meaning-made from the loss. Data were analyzed using a multi-level Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Results show that the combination of parents’ own LO and RO (operationalized through the interaction effect between LO and RO) have a positive effect in parents’ meaning-made. Partners’ LO have a negative effect in parents’ meaning-made. These results highlight the importance of, in the context of parental bereavement, being flexible by using both coping orientations, and of acknowledging the interdependence between partners, namely, the interpersonal process by which partner’s coping affect one’s meaning-made.