Parental Bonding Research Articles

Impact of Parental Bonding on Alexithymia and Psychological Distress among Pakistani Adolescents

Aim: This study explored the relationship between parental bonding, alexithymia, and psychological distress among Pakistani adolescents.
 Methods: This was a quantitative research and data was obtained from a sample of 350 adolescents from different school colleges and universities of Pakistan. The cross-sectional research design was used in the current study. Three scales; Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to measure the variables. Pearson- product moment correlation and regression analysis were computed using SPSS version 21.
 Results: The study found a positive relationship between parental bonding (authoritarianism, protectiveness), alexithymia and psychological distress among adolescents.
 Conclusion: Poor parental bonding leads to alexithymia and psychological distress among Pakistani adolescents. This information is steady with the possibility that unfavourable nurturing and over security leads to poor personality traits (alexithymia) and also puts young people in danger for the improvement of psychological distress.
 Recommendations: Future researchers are recommended to incorporate adolescents of broken families to determine the relationship for more appropriate outcomes.

Clinical factors and early life experiences associated with therapeutic alliance development in treatment for depression or binge eating

Objective: This study examines childhood and clinical factors theorized to impact therapeutic alliance development over the course of psychotherapy. Method: Raters assessed the therapeutic alliance of 212 client-therapist dyads, participating in two randomized controlled trials of schema therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy for binge eating or major depression, at three time points. Linear mixed models were used to characterize therapeutic alliance development over time and assess the influence of childhood trauma, perceived parental bonding, diagnosis and therapy type on scores. Results: Participants differed in initial alliance ratings for all subscales but had similar growth trajectories in all but the patient hostility subscale. A diagnosis of bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder predicted greater initial levels of client distress, client dependency and overall client contribution to a strong therapeutic alliance, compared with a diagnosis of depression. Therapy type, childhood trauma and perceived parental bonds did not predict alliance scores. Conclusion: Findings highlight the potential influence of clinical and personal characteristics on alliance strength and development, with implications for maximizing treatment outcomes through anticipating and responding to these challenges.

Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Parental Bonding among with and without Alexithymic Adolescents

The current study aimed to explore the differences in depression, anxiety, stress, and parental attachment between adolescents with and without alexithymia. A total of 350 adolescents aged 13-17 years participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: those with alexithymia (n= 220) and those without alexithymia (n= 130). Data was collected from various institutions in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, including both public and private institutions. The participating adolescents were administered with several assessment tools, namely the PBI, TAS, DASS and a consent form. The results revealed significant differences in mean scores for DASS and PBI; adolescents with alexithymia reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress and overprotection, compared to those without alexithymia. The study suggested that individuals who face difficulties in expressing their emotions (alexithymia) and experience overprotection during adolescence may be more prone to psychological distress than those who have no difficulties in expressing their emotions.

Alexithymia in adolescents treated for psychiatric disorders: A study of the relationship with Alexithymia in parents and with the parental link

IntroductionAlexithymia is defined as a disorder involving difficulties in identifying, describing feelings and an outward-oriented way of thinking with restricted imaginary processes. Our objectives were to study the link between parents’ alexithymia and that of adolescents treated for psychiatric disorders on the one hand, and to study the relationship between alexithymia in adolescents and the parental link perceived by them, on the other hand.ObjectivesTo study the relationship between the alexithymia of parents and that of adolescents followed for psychiatric disorders on the one hand, and to study the relationship between alexithymia in adolescents and the parental bond perceived by them on the other go.MethodsA descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the pediatric psychiatry consultation at the Hédi Chaker University Hospital in Sfax during a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019. We recruited 116 people: 53 adolescents, 44 mothers and 19 fathers. . We used an information sheet, the TAS-20 score (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and the PBI (Parental Bonding Instrument)ResultsTwo-thirds of the patients were alexithymic. A climate of domestic violence increased the adolescent’s emotional difficulties. Half of the mothers and one-third of the fathers were alexithymic. The total alexithymia score (TAS-20) in adolescents was positively correlated with the total alexithymia score (TAS-20) in the parents (p=0.03 for the mother and p = 0.02 for the father Adolescent difficulty in identifying emotions (DIE) was associated with difficulty describing emotions (DDE) in both parents (p=0.01 for mother and p<10-3 for father). The teenager had difficulty describing his own emotions when his mother was having the same difficulty. Outward thinking in adolescents were associated with more alexithymic traits in the mother. Maternal care scores were significantly and negatively correlated with adolescent TAS-20, DIE, and DDE scores (p=0.01, p=0.01, and p=0.04). Maternal protection score was positively and significantly correlated with TAS-20, DIE, and DDE scores (p=0.01, p=0.01 and p=0.02). The father’s protection score was positively and significantly correlated with TAS-20, DIE and DDE scores (p<10-3, p=0.04 and p=0.01). The overprotective attitude of parents perceived by the adolescent has therefore been associated with more alexithymia in adolescents.ConclusionsParticular attention must therefore be paid to the emotional difficulties of adolescents followed in child psychiatry, as well as those present with their parents. These difficulties can create interpersonal difficulties and affect the parental bond perceived by the child.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Perinatal Depression and Anxiety Symptoms, Parental Bonding and Dyadic Sensitivity in Mother–Baby Interactions at Three Months Post-Partum

The quality of the early parent-infant relationship is crucial for the child's optimal development, and parental sensitivity plays a key role in early interactions. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of maternal perinatal depression and anxiety symptoms on dyadic sensitivity at three months post-partum, also considering a large set of maternal and infant variables. At the third trimester of pregnancy (T1) and at three months postpartum (T2), 43 primiparous women filled in a set of questionnaires evaluating symptoms of depression (CES-D) or anxiety (STAI), the woman's parental bonding experiences (PBI), alexithymia (TAS-20), maternal attachment to the baby (PAI, MPAS) and the perceived social support (MSPSS). At T2 mothers also completed a questionnaire on infant temperament and took part in the CARE-Index videotaped procedure. Dyadic sensitivity was predicted by higher maternal trait anxiety scores in pregnancy. In addition, the mother's experience of being cared for by her father in childhood was predictive of her infant's lower compulsivity, while paternal overprotection predicted higher unresponsiveness. The results highlight the influence of perinatal maternal psychological well-being and maternal childhood experiences on the quality of the dyadic relationship. The results may be useful to foster mother-child adjustment during the perinatal period.

Donation of the body and its parts in the construction of parenthood.

The developments of science and technology make possible today unprecedented exchanges of body parts by multiplying the figures and links that intervene in the process of building parenthood and generating significant ethical and judicial controversies. Body donation in the procreative field constitutes an anthropological and social phenomenon of increasing attention, which contributes to one of the most intimate and profound aspirations of the human being and which requires a careful evaluation of the various interests involved and a thorough reflection on the statute and characteristics of the parental bond. The interest of the child, the dignity of women and the quality of human relations are the parameters of this analysis and, at the same time, the perimeter of the judgment. However, the approach to these issues is complicated not only by the extreme heterogeneity of legislation but also by suspicions and prejudices that hinder reflection appropriate to the complexity of the issues involved. Investigate the reasons for the choice of donation, the criticalities, and possible drifts, without closing in their subjective value horizon, is an unavoidable prerequisite for a comparison with the new social realities of the family that respects the fundamental rights of the person.

The relationship between maternal-fetus attachment and perceived parental bonds in pregnant women: Considering a possible mediating role of psychological distress.

In this cross-sectional study, 1,177 pregnant women answered the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), and Beck-Depression Inventory (BDI-II). We found out that perceived maternal and paternal care had significant direct effects on maternal-infant bonding during the pregnancy period when controlling for some confounders, including gestational age and mother age among others. Such maternal and paternal perceived care effects were not mediated by levels of psychological distress, which in turn resulted to be a "borderline" significant predictor of prenatal attachment. Interestingly, the gestational age and the mother age emerged to have a significant and synergic nonlinear effect, suggesting the influence on the MFAS of the gestational age depends on the values of the mother age, and likewise, the effect of mother age on MFAS depends on the gestational week. This study expands our knowledge of the intergenerational transmission of attachment pointing out the effects of a woman's perceived bond in relation to her parental figures during the development of the prenatal attachment process. Findings also suggests that parenting support interventions may have benefits that are realized across generations.

Joseph Smith's Translation: The Words and Worlds of Early Mormonism

Joseph Smith's Translation: The Words and Worlds of Early Mormonism

Examining the Mediating Role of Parental Bonding in the Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Marital Quality in Women

Examining the Mediating Role of Parental Bonding in the Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Marital Quality in Women

A Systematic Review on the Role of Parental Bonding in Adolescent Psychosocial Development

Purpose: A solid foundation for the area on which the research is intended can be built by reviewing the numerous works and literature in the suggested areas. Parent-child relationships and adolescent development are always important topics. Children typically spend more time with their classmates and considerably less time with their parents. However, parents continue to have a big influence on their adolescent's development. There are clear connections between parental attachment and children's cognitive, social, and emotional health. Parental ties and adolescent psychosocial development being the areas of study, the most recent literature review is undertaken because it is crucial. Objective: The research is done to assess role of parental bonding on adolescents’ Development. The research field's gaps are addressed. Design/Methodology/Approach: The literature for this study was compiled using a variety of secondary sources, including journals, book chapters, conference proceedings and other online sites. The entire body of research has been thoroughly examined and condensed. It is also used to identify research goals and gaps in the field. Findings/Results: The results and limitations of every recent research have been thoroughly examined. The cause of the gap has also been thoroughly investigated, and each work's outcomes have been carefully examined. Originality/Value: This paper intends to examine the pertinent literature that already exists and includes secondary data that was acquired from a number of online sources, including research journals, technical book chapters, conference papers, and a few websites. All of the papers chosen were current and from reputable publishers, and they were all pertinent to the planned work. A sincere effort is made to choose a study topic and conduct the research. Paper type: Review paper.

A Systematic Review on the Role of Parental Bonding in Adolescent Psychosocial Development

A Systematic Review on the Role of Parental Bonding in Adolescent Psychosocial Development

Alexithymia and Parental Bonding in Women with Genitopelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder.

The role of emotion regulation and alexithymia in the pathophysiology of genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD) is emphasized. Parental bonding is linked to emotion regulation and alexithymia. This study aimed to examine the relationships between parental bonding, alexithymia, and GPPPD. Sixty-four patients with GPPPD were enrolled in the study, and 60 controls were matched for demographic features. Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was used to evaluate alexithymia, the Bonding to Parents Scale (BPS) was used to assess parental bonding, and sexual functions were assessed via Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). The rate of alexithymic traits was statistically higher in the GPPPD group than in the controls (p = 0.005). Patients with GPPPD obtained higher scores on the maternal care/control (p = 0.003) and maternal overprotection (p = 0.008) compared to controls. Difficulty describing feelings factor of alexithymia (p = 0.012) emerged as a predictor of group membership (GPPPD vs controls). To test whether alexithymia was significantly associated with parental bonding, all subjects were divided into two subgroups, alexithymic and non-alexithymic. When the subgroups were compared in terms of parental attitudes, maternal (p = 0.034) and paternal (p = 0.006) overprotection subscale scores were higher in the alexithymic group than in the non-alexithymic group. According to the results, alexithymic traits are characteristic of patients with GPPPD; however, although patients with GPPPD may experience difficulties with perceived parental bonding, this factor does not appear to be a predictor of GPPPD.

The Relationship Between Parental Bonding and Suicidal Ideation: The Mediating Role of Feelings of Self-conscious Affect (Shame and Guilt) and Separation-Individuation

Background: Suicide is regarded as a major public health concern in the world. Identifying factors related to suicidal ideation and prevention of suicidal thoughts play a key role in reducing suicide rates. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental bonding and suicidal ideation with regard to the mediating role of feelings of shame, guilt, and separation-individuation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 573 university students were selected as the sample by adopting multi-stage cluster sampling. Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Beck Scale of Suicide Ideation (BSSI), test of self-conscious affect (TOSCA-3), and Psychological Separation Inventory (PSI) were also used to conduct the present study. Structural equation modeling, SPSS version 21, and AMOS version 24 were used to analyze the data. Results: Maternal bonding had a direct and significant relationship with suicidal ideation (0/27), whereas the direct path between paternal bonding to suicidal ideation was non-significant (0/02). From among the mediating variables, only self-conscious affect (shame and guilt) had a significant relationship in the association between parental bonding (maternal and paternal) and suicidal ideation (0/20). Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between separation from mother (0/03) and separation from father (0/07) with suicidal thoughts. Conclusions: It was concluded that parental bonding – maternal bonding, in particular – played an important role in the emergence of suicidal ideation. In addition, it was found that dysfunctional parental bonding may have prepared the ground for the emergence of suicidal ideation through feelings of shame and guilt. Therefore, it was recommended that a special attention should be paid to the important roles of shame and guilt when developing treatment protocols for those vulnerable to suicide.

피해자와 가해자 중첩의 인과적 과정

This study investigates the causal process of victim-offender overlap across the adolescent developmental stage. This study hypothesizes that victimization causes subsequent offending; offending causes subsequent victimization; the effect of victimization on offending can be explained by delinquent peers, parental bonds, and self control; the effect of offending on victimization can also be explained by delinquent peers, parental bonds, and self control. Three-wave data from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey are used to test hypotheses. The results show that victim-offender overlap represents a dynamic process observed in the short-term and long-term period; the causal process of victim-offender overlap can be better explained by the effect of victimization on offending; the effect of victimization on offending can be explained by delinquent peers and self control; the effect of offending on victimization can be explained by delinquent peers; the most influential factor determining victim-offender overlap is delinquent peers.

Associations between parental bonding, social isolation and loneliness: do associations persist in later life and is isolation a mediator between parental bonding and loneliness?

BackgroundPoor parental bonding in childhood has been associated with loneliness in younger populations. Whether these associations persists into middle and older adulthood is unclear. Additionally, given the overlapping relationship between loneliness and social isolation we sought to explore the role of social isolation in any associations present i.e. are those reporting worse parental bonding lonely due to less connections or are they more likely to be lonely regardless of isolation.MethodsAnalysis of a nationally representative longitudinal sample of adults aged 50 and over from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was undertaken. The current analysis was based on data for core participants across waves 3[2006/7] to 8[2016/17] with missing data across waves leading to analytical samples ranging from 4384 to 5173. Multivariate adjusted multinomial regression models were used to assess associations between parental bonding [PBI], isolation [score derived from data on living alone, frequency of contact with friends, family and children, and whether or not participate in social organisations] and loneliness [R-UCLA].ResultsParental bonding scores were associated with later life loneliness according to overall PBI score [RRR .93 95%CI .92-.95], care [RRR .90 95%CI .88-.92] and overprotection [RRR 1.11 95%CI 1.08–1.14] subscale scores as well as when separated into maternal and paternal scores, with effects larger in relation to chronic loneliness. Parental bonding scores were also associated with isolation in later life, with the exception of maternal overprotection which was non-significant. The addition of isolation to the loneliness models however had no impact on associations indicating that isolation is not a mediator of the association between parental bonding and later life loneliness.ConclusionsAssociations between parental bonding and loneliness do persist into middle and older adulthood and were in line with hypothesis stronger for more chronic loneliness. Isolation did not explain these associations and those reporting more negative parental bonds were more likely to be lonely regardless of isolation.

Parental Bonding and Relationships with Friends and Siblings in Adolescents with Depression.

According to attachment theory, the quality of the early child-parent bond determines the child’s interpersonal relationships later in life. Utilising data from The First Experimental Study of Transference Work-In Teenagers (FEST-IT), the current paper investigated the connection between the self-reported quality of bonding with mother and father and the self-reported importance of relationships with friends and siblings in adolescents with depression. The scales employed were the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the Adolescent Relationship scale (ARS). A Pearson’s correlation tested the relationship between the reported levels of maternal and paternal care and control, and the reported importance of friendship and relationship with siblings. Results revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between high levels of maternal control and importance of friendship, and a statistically significant positive correlation between high levels of paternal care and importance of relationships with siblings. The results are in line with Bowlby’s theory of attachment.

Effects of Early Life Stress and Insecure Parental Bonding on Decision-Making Style and Motivation for Alcohol Use

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of negative experience during childhood on drinking in adulthood. Methods: A total of 89 male subjects participated in the study and a survey was conducted July 1-July 31, 2019. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to confirm the relationships of early life stress (ELS) and insecure parental bonding (IPB) on decision-making style (DMS) and motivation for alcohol use (MA). Results: ELS and IPB had positive correlation with enhance and the coping subscore of MA. ELS and IPB had negative correlation with the rationality subscore of DMS and positive correlation with the intuition subscore of DMS. The regression analysis revealed ELS and IPB direct influence on enhance and coping among MA and rationality and intuition among DMS. These factors of DMS mediated the effects of ELS and IPB on enhance and coping of MA. Conclusion : This study found that early life stress and insecure parental bonding are related to irrationality and intuition among decision-making style and enhance and coping among motivation for alcohol use.

Parental Bonding as a Predictor of Self-Regulation, Proactive Attitude and Academic Performance in University Students

Parental bonding is a crucial component for the acquisition of a positive attitude and better academic performance among students. In this study, the correlational research design was to investigate the relationship among parental bonding, self-regulation, proactive attitude, and academic performance in university students. Data consisted of 200 university students with ages ranging from 18 to 24, selected through non-probability purposive sampling technique. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation data collection was undertaken through an online Google form. Parental Bonding Instrument, Self-Regulation Scale (SRS), Proactive Attitude Scale (PA), demographic sheet, and recently obtained GPA of each participant were used for data

Parental Bonding and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Neuroticism and Social Support

This study aims to examine the influence of parental care/control on depressive symptoms and the mediating roles of neuroticism and social support in their association among Chinese college students during the COVID-19. A sample of 2561 college students with an age range of 16 - 26 (Mage = 18.37, SD = 1.13, 29.05% boys) completed the care and control subscales of the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Social Support Rating Scale. Structural equation models indicated that parental care/control negatively/ positively predicted depressive symptoms. Furthermore, neuroticism and social support mediated the relationship between parental care/control and depressive symptoms, separately and sequentially. These findings may advance our understanding of the influences of multiple factors on Chinese college students’ depressive symptoms under the background of COVID-19.

Relationship between Parental Bonding and Aggression among Medical College Students in Multan Authors

Relationship between Parental Bonding and Aggression among Medical College Students in Multan Authors