Parameters Β1 Research Articles

Collective Bands in the Neutron-Rich 110Ru Nucleus

High spin states in neutron-rich 110Ru nucleushave been investigated by measuring high-fold prompt γ-ray coincidenceevents of the spontaneous fission of 252Cf with theGammasphere detector array. The ground-state band and the γ-vibrationalband have been confirmed and extended with spin up to 18 ℏ and13 ℏ, respectively. The other three side bands, two proposed astwo-quasiparticle bands and one proposed as a four-quasiparticle band,have been observed for the first time. The possible configurations forthe quasi-particle bands are discussed. The cranked shell modelcalculations show that 110Ru nucleus may have oblatetriaxial deformation with parameters β2 = -0.30 and γ = 24°,and the band crossing in the yrast band is due to the alignment of apair of h11/2 neutrons.

Applicability of Stand Structural Characteristics to Stemflow Modeling

A stemflow (SF) estimation model, based on the correlation between coefficients (a and b) of the regression equation (SF= aPg − b, where Pg is gross rainfall) obtained from sample tree and their diameter at breast height (DBH), is presented. Estimation by the model for SF from two deciduous broad-leaved forests shows favorable agreement with the measurement. Once the equations for regression coefficients are determined, the model has the potential to easily estimate SF from an entire stand through sampling of some representative trees. However, the model is site-specific. In order to mitigate the weakness of this model, the combination of previous results provided generalized equations for the coefficients. The generalized equation adequately estimated SF of some forests while its estimation was biased for other forests, which indicates that SF variation between forests is closely related to structural differences. Actually, the SF frequency distribution of two forest stands was significantly different. So, influence of structural factors on SF was also studied using funneling ratio (FR) that integrates the efficiency of trunk and canopy characteristics to SF. Comparison of FR showed that SF was significantly correlated to crown-projection area (CPA) and basal area at breast height (BA). Parameters (β1 and β2) within the model were significantly correlated to respective stand density and leaf area index (LAI).

Dissociation Constants of Protonated Cysteine Species in NaCl Media

The sulfur-containing biomolecule, cysteine has a role in physiological and natural environment because of its strong interactions with metals. To understand these interactions of metals with cysteine, one needs reliable dissociation constants for the protonated cysteine species [ $${NH}_{3}^+ $$ CH(CH2SH)COOH; H3B+]. The values of dissociated constants, p $$K_1^* $$ , for protonated cysteine species (H3B+ ⇄ H+ + H2B, K 1; H2B ⇄ H+ + HB−,K 2; HB− ⇄ H+ + B2−,K 3) were determined from potentiometric measurements in NaCl solutions as a function of ionic strength, 0.5–6.0 mol-(kgH2O)−1 and between 5, and 45°C. The equations $$\begin{gathered} {p}K_1^* = 1.378 + 228.4/T - 0.4044I^{0.5} + 0.2472I \hfill \\ {p}K_2^* = 2.031 + 1833.4/T - 0.1847I^{0.5} + 0.2190I \hfill \\ {p}K_3^* = 2.861 + 2191.3/T - 0.2170I^{0.5} + 0.2217I \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ were fitted to the results with a standard errors of the fits of 0.116, 0.057, and 0.093 for $${p}K_1^* $$ , $${p}K_2^* $$ , and $${p}K_3^* $$ , respectively. The $${p}K_i^* $$ results were used to determine new Pitzer parameters (β0, β1, and C) for the interactions of Na+ and Cl− with cysteine species. These coefficients can be used to make reasonable estimates of the activity coefficients of the cysteine species and $${p}K_i^* $$ for the dissociation of cysteine in physiological and natural waters containing mostly NaCl.

Dissociation constants of the monoprotic ferrate(VI) ion in NaCl media

Fe(VI) is a powerful oxidant that can oxidize a variety of inorganic and organic substrates. The values of dissociation constants for protonated Fe(VI) species are critical for the interpretation of kinetic data of oxidation reactions at different pH. The constants (pK3*) for the dissociation of HFeO4− (HFeO4−⇔H+ + FeO42−) have been determined in NaCl solutions from I = 0.0 to 2.5 mol (kg H2O)−1 at 5, 25 and 45°C for the first time from spectral measurements obtained by a stopped-flow kinetic technique. The results were fitted to the equation (σ = 0.074 in pK3*) where I is the ionic strength and T is the absolute temperature (K). This equation gives a value of 7.227 ± 0.074 for pK3 at 25°C. The enthalpy of dissociation for HFeO4− is given by ΔH3* (kJ mol−1) = 17.0 − 28.9 I1/2. The pK3* results were used to estimate Pitzer parameters (β0, β1 and Cϕ) for the interaction of Na+ with HFeO4− and FeO42−. The values of B0, B1 and C for the difference in the Pitzer coefficients of NaHFeO4 and Na2FeO4 as a function of temperature (t, °C) are given by (σ = 0.07 in pK3*) B0 = 2.10948 − 4.462 × 10−2t; B1 = − 6.76369 + 8.309 × 10−2t; C = − 0.51051 + 9.86769 × 10−3t. These coefficients can be used to estimate the values of pK3 in natural waters composed mostly of NaCl.

Single Particle Properties of Nuclei on and beyond the Drip Line

The single particle properties of nuclei on and beyond the drip line are investigated, using the spherical Woods-Saxon potential model, the deformed Woods-Saxon potential model and the coupled channel treatment. The single particle properties such as the halo structure and the Coulomb shift are investigated systematically. The typical halo or halo-like structure of two pairs of mirror nuclei, 11Be, 11N, 8Li and 8B is discussed and the deformation parameters β2 determined so as to reproduce the several experimental data are β2 ≈0.7. It is shown that a new type of the mirror symmetry breaking, the mirror symmetry breaking of the S factor, is found between the 11Be and 11N ground states.

Testing the feasibility of a complete Auger decay experiment by spin- and angle-resolved electron spectroscopy on XeN4O2,3O2,3 3P1

The intrinsic parameters β1 and γ1 weredetermined separately for the first time by explicitmeasurement of the angular distribution of the transferred spinpolarization of Xe N4O2,3O2,3 3P1 Auger electronsafter primary excitation with circularly polarized light fromthe BESSY-II helical undulator UE56/1. The feasibility of acomplete experiment for the Auger decay, i.e. extraction ofCoulomb matrix elements from the experimental data, isdiscussed and reveals a new fundamental equation connecting theintrinsic parameters of Auger decay. An analysis procedure isperformed, yielding a well confined solution space foramplitude ratios and phase shift differences.

Heavy ion nucleus scattering

The elastic scattering of6;7Li,12;13;14C,14N,16O and28Si from a number of nuclei between12C and208Pb have been studied within the framework of the 3-parameter formalism of the Strong Absorption Model (SAM) of Frahn and Venter. The description to elastic scattering data by the model parameters Λ, Δ and μ is fairly reasonable throughout the whole angular range. The interaction radiusR and surface diffusenessd are determined from the best fit parameters. The mean standard nuclear radius parameterr0 extracted from this study is 1.61 fm, in good agreement with literature quoted values, while the diffusenessd is fairly constant. The inelastic scattering of14C from40Ca and88Sr and14N from24Mg and28Si populating the lowest 2+ state and also the inelastic scattering of14C from40Ca leading to the lowest 3- state have been analyzed using the parameters obtained from the elastic scattering with no further adjustment at all. The quadrupole and octupole deformation parameters β2 and β3, respectively, are extracted from the analyses. The deformation parameter values are in reasonable agreement with previous studies.

Activity coefficients and pitzer parameters in the systems Na+/Cs+/Cl-/TcO 4 - or ClO 4 - /H2O at 25°C

Isopiestic vapor pressure experiments are performed at 25°C with aqueous NaTcO4, mixed NaTcO4-NaCl, and NaCl reference solutions. The solubility of CsTcO4 is determined in 0–7.4m CsCl and in 0–5.6m NaCl solutions. The osmotic coefficients of the binary and ternary solutions are used to evaluate the binary Pitzer parameters Β0, Βl, and CΦ for NaTcO4 and the mixing parameters θTcO4-/cl- and ψNa+/TcO4-/cl-. The binary Pitzer parameters for the sparingly soluble CsTcO4 and CsC1O4 are calculated together with ψCs+/mo4- /cl- from their solubilities in CsCl solution. The solubilities of CsTcO4 in NaCl and CsClO4 in NaClO4 solution are also included in the parametrization of the reciprocal salt systems Na+/Cs+/Cl-/MO4-. The parameters Β0 and Βl of pertechnetate and perchlorate salts correlate well with the ionic radii.

Soliton solution of nonlinear schrödinger equation with higher order dispersion terms

It is shown in this paper that if parameters β 1, β2and β 3of a nonlinear Schrodinger equation with higher order dispersion terms (HNLS) satisfy the condition: 6β1 —β2— 2β3(1— 6β1 k = 0, k a real constant, then the fundamental soliton solutions of the HNLS equation exist. The exact soliton solutions are given and the relation between this condition and the known results in the literature is also discussed.

Synthesis, Electronic and ESR Spectral Studies on Five-Coordinate Copper(II) Chloride Complexes with Monoacyl-Hydrazines and Hydrazones

Copper(II) complexes of the type [CuLm (H2O)n] Cl2 and [Cu L′(H2O)2Cl]Cl, where L = benzoylhydrazine or isopropanone benzoylhydrazone and L′ = isonicotinoylhydrazine or isopropanone isonicotinoylhydrazone, m = 1 or 2 and n = 1 or 3 were prepared and characterized using elemental analyses, molar conductance, electronic, ESR and infrared spectral studies. The electronic and ESR spectra indicate a five-coordinate square- pyramidal geometry in the solid state and six-coordinate tetragonally-distorted octahedral geometry in DMSO for all the complexes. Solution studies show interaction of the solvent (DMSO) molecules with copper(II) in the axial plane. ESR data reveal rhombic symmetry for most of the complexes in the solid state except for the isopropanone benzoyl hydrazone complex which is isotropic in nature. However, the DMSO solution spectra give invariably axial signals for all the complexes at 300 K and 77 K. The trend g∥ > g⊥ > ge observed in all the complexes suggests the presence of an unpaired electron in the dx2−y2 orbital of copper(II). Bonding parameters α2, α2 and β1 2 have also been calculated from the ESR data. The hydrazide ligands bond to copper(II) through >C˭O and −NH2 groups, whereas the hydrazones bond through >C˭O and >C˭N groups. Referee I: W. E. Rudzinski Referee II: S. O. Sommerer

ELEMENTARY EXCITATIONS OF ONE-DIMENSIONALQUANTUM SINE-GORDON MODEL

Using the-self-consistent quantum perturbation theory, we study the elementary excitaton of one-dimensional sine-Gordon model described by parameters α0 and β0. It is demonstrated in this article that the elementary excitations consist of quantum solitons and antisolitons.Under the condition α020≤8π,our results for the gaps agree with the exact results of the Thirring model and the half-filling Hubbard model based on the bosonization techniques.

Dependence of EXAFS phase shift parameters on partial charge and atomic number of the ligand

Using the EXAFS data of the copper systems CuO, Cu(BF4)2·6H2O, Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O, Azurite, CuSO4·5H2O, CuS, CuCl, CuBr, and Cul, the phase parameters α1 and β1 are evaluated. It is shown that for the same ligand, the phase parameters α1 and β1 vary inversely with partial charge q. For ligands having different atomic numbers, these parameters change with partial charge and atomic number of the ligand.

Electromagnetic properties and shapes of ground states in Pt−Au−Hg region

We present a comprehensive calculation of odd-A isotopes of Pt, Au and Hg in the mass region 177≤A≤195. Two nuclear models have been used. The particle-triaxial rotor model with modified oscillator s.p. potential (PTR-MO) yielded deformation parameters e2 and γ as a result of fitting to a wide range of experimental data. Also, mean field calculations based on the Woods-Saxon potential with Strutinsky shell corrections were performed to predict deformation parameters β2, β4 and γ form Total Routhian Surfaces (TRS). Subsequent PTR calculation using these deformation parameters and Woods-Saxon s.p. potential (PTR-WS) yielded ground state properties of all nuclei in question in very good agreement with experiment. The deformation parameters e2 and β2 showed the same general trend as a function of neutron number. The fitted parameter γ from (PTR-MO) calculation indicated a smooth change from prolate (N≈100) to oblate shape (N≈115) via triaxial in Pt, Au and Hg. The value of γ extracted from TRS calculations predicts a smooth change in Pt isotopes but much sharper change in Au and Hg nuclei.

An analysis of the validity limits of the current approaches for superconducting granular systems

We analyse the diamagnetic behaviour of high Tc superconducting granular samples by mean of an equivalent network of Josephson junctions and inductances. The range of validity of the current approaches is determined by considering the complete expression for the Gibbs thermodynamic potential and by identifying two characteristic parameters β1 and β2 for these systems. A graphical representation of the validity limits of various current approaches and in particular of the superconducting glass model is given in a β1-β2 plane.

Esr Studies of Bis[DI(2,4,5-Trimethylphenyl) Dithiophosphinato]Oxovanadium(IV). Calculation of Bonding Parameters

Abstract ESR spectra of a five-coordinate vanadyl dithiophosphinate complex correspond to the interaction of an unpaired electron with the 51V nucleus and two equivalent 31P nuclei. However, in the presence of moderate amounts of nitrogen and oxygen donors, only one 31P superhyperfine interaction was noted. At higher ligand concentrations, the ESR reflected no 31P hyperfine coupling. Bonding parameters β1 *2, β2 *2, er *2 and kr obtained for different chromophores were compared with those of VO(acac)2. This leads to the decreasing sequence VOS4 < VOS2N2 < VOS2O2 < VOO4 with respect to bonding parameters for the various chromophores.

Prediction-interval procedures and (fixed-effects) confidence-interval procedures for mixed linear models

A general approach is presented for devising an approximate 100(1-α)% prediction interval for an unobservable random variable w based on the value of an observable random vector y. It is assumed theat E(w) and E(y) are ;linear combinations of unknown parameters β1,β2,…,βpand that the joint distribution of w-E(w) and yE(y) is symmetric and known up to the value of a vector θ of unknown parameters, as would be the case if y followed a mixed linear model (with normally distributed random effects and errors) and w were a linear combination of the model's fixed and random effects. Various implementations of the proposed approach are illustrated (and comparisons among them made) in the context of the Behrens-Fisher problem and the problem of making inferences about a group mean under a balanced one-way random-effects model.

Medium-Spin Structure of the N = 28 Isotones 54Fe and 55Co

Excited states in the N = 28 isotones 54Fe and 55Co were populated in the bombardment of 54Fe with 3He ions. The subsequent de-excitation was studied using experimental in-beam techniques including γ-γ coincidences and γ-ray angular distributions. A number of previously unobserved levels were discovered in 54Fe and a new high-spin complex was assigned to 55Co. Self-consistent Hartree-Fock calculations were performed to elucidate the underlying nuclear structures. It was found that the ground-state shapes of 54Fe and 55Co correspond to deformation parameters β2 = +0.03 and +0.02, respectively. Shell-model arguments and calculations were used to assign configurations to the excited states.

The small dispersion limit of the Korteweg‐de Vries equation. III

AbstractIn Parts I and II we have derived explicit formulas for the distribution limit u of the solution of the KdV equation as the coefficient of uxxx tends to zero. This formula contains n parameters β1, …, βn whose values, as well as whose number, depends on x and t. In Section 4 we have shown that for t&lt;tb, n=1, and the value of β, was determined. In Section 5 we have shown that the parameters βi satisfy a nonlinear system of partial differential equations.In Part III, Section 6 we show that for t large, n=3, and we determine the asymptotic behavior of β1, β2, β3, and of u and u2, for t large. The explicit formulas show that u and u2 are O(t−1) and O(t‐2) respectively (see formulas (6.2) and (6.24)).In Section 7 we study initial data whose value tends to zero as x→+∞, and to ‐1 as x→−∞. If one accepts some plausible guesses about the behavior of solutions with such initial data, we derive an explicit formula for the solution and determine the large scale asymptotic behavior of the solution: equation image .The function s(ζ) is expressible in terms of complete elliptic integrals; a similar formula is derived for U2.In Section 8 we indicate how to extend the treatment of this series of papers to multihumped (but still negative) initial data.

The ionization of carbonic acid in Na-Mg-Cl solutions at 25�C

The stoichiometric pK2* and pK2* for the ionization of carbonic acid has been determined from emf measurements in NaCl solutions with small amounts of MgCl2 from I=0.5 to 6.0 molal at 25°C. Our results at low ionic strengths (I=0.7) are in agreement with the measurements of Dyrssen and Hansson and Pytkowicz and Hawley. Our results have been analyzed using the ion pairing model and Pitzer's specific interaction equations. From the values of pK1*, we have determined the Pitzer parameters β0[Mg (HCO3)2] = 0.0193 and β1[Mg (HCO3)2] = 0.0193 which reproduces the pK1* results to ±0.01. The values of pK2* were used to determine β0(MgCO3) = 2.833, β1(MgCO3) = -15.069, β2(MgCO3) = -204.90 and Cϕ (MgCO3)=−0.970 which reproduces the pK2*′ s to ±0.02. The pK2* results could be reproduced to the same precision with fewer parameters using the ion pairing model [pK(MgCO3)=3.00 and log γ (MgCO3)=0.0560 I].

Isospin effects in nucleon inelastic scattering from single-closed-shell nuclei

Accurate measurements of elastic- and inelastic-scattering differential cross sections are obtained over a wide angular range for 11 MeV neutrons incident on 88Sr, 90Zr and 92Mo. The absolute cross sections are accurate to better than 5%. The parameters of complex optical potentials were extracted from the elastic-scattering data and applied via the collective model to the description of the cross sections of the first 2+ state of each isotope. Deformation parameters βnn′ (and lengths) δ = βR) were obtained for the quadrupole excitations and compared with similar parameters obtained from (p, p′) data on the same nuclei. The results clearly indicate that βnn′ > βpp′ for the N = 50 isotones, in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of Madsen, Brown and Anderson. The values of βnn′ and βpp′ are used to extract the isoscalar and isovector deformation parameters β0 and β1.