Paradisiaca Var Research Articles

Utilization of Ambon Banana Stem (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L)) Ethanol Extract as Moisturizing Sheet Mask

Ambon banana stem are known to contain chemical compounds including flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. One of these chemical compounds has the potential as an antioxidant, namely flavonoids which has antioxidant properties as free radical scavengers. Antioxidants can be used to repair skin cells damaged by free radicals, these antioxidants can provide a moisturizing and brightening effect on the skin so that the skin is not only kept moist and looks radiant. The purpose of this study was to formulate sheet mask preparation from ethanol extract of Ambon banana stem (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L)) into various concentration 5%, 7% and 9%. The sheet mask was then being examined for its activity to provide smoother skin after 4 weeks of treatment by measuring skin moisture content. Data was then being analyzed using ANOVA method. The research showed that sheet mask preparation of Ambon banana stem ethanol extract met the requirements for organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, pH, irritation test. In increasing moisture content of Ambon banana stem ethanol extract sheet mask preparation, showed insignificant value (p > 0.05) where there is no significant difference toward the positive control. These results conclude that the sheet mask preparation of Ambon banana stem ethanol extract provides a moisturizing effect on skin.
 Keywords: Ambon banana stem, moisturizer, sheet mask

Effectiveness of FOS (Fructo Oligo Saccharide) from Banana Peel on Total Bacterial Count of Rabbit Meat Jerky

This study was conducted to determine the production performance (growth performance and carcass production) of New Zealand White (NZW) male rabbits fed FOS (fructooligosaccharides) isolated from Ambon banana peel (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt. A total of 50 crossbreed rabbits NZW aged 8 weeks, mean initial weight 496.12±10.61 g, were placed in individual cages, randomly divided into, and each treatment was repeated five times, each replication consisted of two rabbits.The treatment used was P1 (without FOS), P2 (Given FOS for 7 days), P3 (Given FOS for 14 days). FOS with a concentration of 3%, dose 2 mg/kg body weight ad libitum. Drinking water The ingredients used at this stage were rabbit meats in the sun drying (T1), and meat containing FOS from rearing in the dry oven (T2). The feed used was commercial feed, given in the morning and evening. The data obtained were analyzed by means of variance. The similarity of variance was tested using the Duncans. Based on the result showed the growth of bacteria in the rabbit meat jerky can be inhibited. Rabbit jerky given FOS from Ambon banana peel isolation for 7 days did not give a significant difference with FOS from Ambon banana peel isolation for 14 days (P> 0.01) which could inhibit bacterial growth and that the non of FOS isolated from Ambon banana peel has the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria in rabbit meat jerky, and administration for 7 days can be used to inhibit bacterial growth.

Formulasi Masker Gel Peel Off dari Kulit Pisang Ambon (Musa Paradisiaca Var)

Peel off face mask is one type of face mask that has advantages in its use, namely that it can be easily removed or lifted like an elastic membrane. The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation of a peel off gel mask preparation made from Ambon banana peel (Musa paradisiaca var). The gel mask formulation was made on the basis of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) with a concentration of 7%. The active ingredient used is Ambon banana peel which contains vitamin B6, carbohydrates, phosphorus, protein, vitamin C, and several other substances that are useful for body health and beauty as well as other ingredients such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This study used experimental methods to determine the best proportion of masks from Ambon banana peels which included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, drying time, pH and dispersion. The results of the observations were organoleptic test with a characteristic brown odor and semi-solid form, homogeneity test from day 1/14 for all homogeneity formulas, pH test from day 1/14 all formulas had a good pH because they were still in range 4.5-6.5 which is 5, the dry preparation test on the 1st/14th day formula 1, 2 has good drying power because it is still in the drying time requirement of 15-30 minutes while formula 3 has a high drying power. less good than the 1st/14th day because it exceeded the drying time of the preparation, and the dispersion test on day 1 of formulas 1 and 2 met the requirements while formula 3 did not meet the requirements while on day 14 all formulas met the requirements From the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the Ambon banana peel can be formulated into a peel off gel mask preparation.

Topical Medicine Potency of Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) kuntze as Oral Gel for Wound Healing: An In Vitro, In Vivo Study.

Topical application of ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) kuntze) stem sap gel (GEGPA) on the socket wound area showed an increase in the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB, while decrease in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9. The aim of this study is to achieve standard formulation of GEGPA through stability, viscosity, distribution area, and drugs release for oral gel wound healing. This is an in vitro and in vivo study with the randomized posttest only control group design. The gel was formulated according to the composition of each group by adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), Lexgard, propylene glycol, and cold water to obtain 100 g of gel. Observations were made through the following tests: stability, viscosity, distribution area, drug release, and histopathological analysis of tooth extraction wound healing. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05) with GraphPad Prism-8 statistical software. The study showed that the GEGPA formulation was stable against changes in consistency, color, smell, homogeneity, and pH value. There is a significant difference between groups with respect to viscosity (p = 0.0001), adhesion (p = 0.004), dispersion (p = 0.000), and fibroblast cell numbers on days 3 and 5 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001). There is no interaction between the active ingredients and the gel base of all formulations. Formulation 3 had better properties in terms of viscosity, broad distribution, and drug release compared with other groups. Application of GEGPA to tooth extraction wounds showed a significant proliferation of fibroblast cells on days 3 and 5. The formulation of M. paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) kuntze extract with HPMC and propylene glycol obtained a gel preparation, GEGPA, that was organoleptically stable and met the topical gel standard for wounds in the oral cavity.

The Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Bioethanol Production from Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum Linn) Peels by Using Fermentation Process

Abstract -The breakthrough to optimize Indonesia's energy is by utilizing abundant renewable energy sources. Its geographic location has the potential to become a country with the largest renewable energy source in the world. The potential energy that comes from vegetables is called bioethanol. Bioethanol is an organic fuel produced by bioethanol fermentation. It can be an alternative material for making sanitary products amid the increasing spread ofCOVID-19 in Indonesia.So the authors try to innovate how to use Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum Linn) peels to become bioethanol. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation of bioethanol production from Ambon banana peels. The methods used were pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ratio (10: 5 and 5: 5) use for obtaining high ethanol yields, as well as variations in pH 2 and 6 in the fermentation starter. The variable were designed by using Factorial Design. The result shows the yeast ratio of B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae (10: 5) resulted the highest concentration of bioethanol (6%) in 6 days. In acidic conditions (pH 2), the bacteria don’t grow optimally. The higher concentration of bioethanol (6%) was reached in pH 6.The research supports the Government Program Reducing the dependency of fossil fuels and innovation to produce sanitary product from bioethanol.Abstract -The breakthrough to optimize Indonesia's energy is by utilizing abundant renewable energy sources. Its geographic location has the potential to become a country with the largest renewable energy source in the world. The potential energy that comes from vegetables is called bioethanol. Bioethanol is an organic fuel produced by bioethanol fermentation. It can be an alternative material for making sanitary products amid the increasing spread ofCOVID-19 in Indonesia.So the authors try to innovate how to use Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum Linn) peels to become bioethanol. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation of bioethanol production from Ambon banana peels. The methods used were pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ratio (10: 5 and 5: 5) use for obtaining high ethanol yields, as well as variations in pH 2 and 6 in the fermentation starter. The variable were designed by using Factorial Design. The result shows the yeast ratio of B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae (10: 5) resulted the highest concentration of bioethanol (6%) in 6 days. In acidic conditions (pH 2), the bacteria don’t grow optimally. The higher concentration of bioethanol (6%) was reached in pH 6.The research supports the Government Program Reducing the dependency of fossil fuels and innovation to produce sanitary product from bioethanol.

The potential of banana fruit Ranggap (Musa paradisiaca var. Troglodytarum) as an excipient alternative to oral tablet dosage form


 Introduction: Starch is one of the ingredients that has many benefits, including in the pharmaceutical field, especially as a pharmaceutical excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. 
 Aim: This study aims to isolate, characterise, and formulate the starch of banana fruit (Musa paradisiaca var. Troglodytarum) into tablet dosage forms. 
 Methods: The characteristics of the perceived banana starch can be said to be comparable to that of corn starch so that it is expected to be used as a source of starch which can be used as a pharmaceutical excipient. The starch of isolated banana fruit was used as a filler, binder, and crusher in the wet granulation method tablet formulations with concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 5%. 
 Results: The physicochemical characteristics of starch isolated from banana fruit are considered to meet the requirements of pharmaceutical excipients required in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients 6th edition and the United States Pharmacopeia 32nd edition. 
 Conclusion: Of the total formulas tested, tablets with binder content of banana starch 3%, 5% and 10% corn starch meet the tablet evaluation requirements.

The potential of banana fruit Ranggap (Musa paradisiaca var. Troglodytarum) as an excipient alternative to oral tablet dosage form

Introduction: Starch is one of the ingredients that has many benefits, including in the pharmaceutical field, especially as a pharmaceutical excipient in pharmaceutical formulations. Aim: This study aims to isolate, characterise, and formulate the starch of banana fruit (Musa paradisiaca var. Troglodytarum) into tablet dosage forms. Methods: The characteristics of the perceived banana starch can be said to be comparable to that of corn starch so that it is expected to be used as a source of starch which can be used as a pharmaceutical excipient. The starch of isolated banana fruit was used as a filler, binder, and crusher in the wet granulation method tablet formulations with concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 5%. Results: The physicochemical characteristics of starch isolated from banana fruit are considered to meet the requirements of pharmaceutical excipients required in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients 6th edition and the United States Pharmacopeia 32nd edition. Conclusion: Of the total formulas tested, tablets with binder content of banana starch 3%, 5% and 10% corn starch meet the tablet evaluation requirements.

Antibacterial Activity Of Musa Paradisiaca Var. Sapientum Peel Extrak Cream And Ointments Dosage Form On Staphylococcus Aureus

The aim of the present study was to determine the difference of antibacterial effectivity between ointment and cream Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum (MPvS) peel extract against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Objective: To prove the antibacterial effect of banana peel extract with 5%,10%,15% concentration cream and oitments on Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: This study was applying the true experimental design with analyzed statistically with the ANOVA test and continued with the Duncan test to determine the level of treatment that provided the difference and the T-test to determine the most effective differences between groups. The results of the antibacterial activity of cream with a concentration of 10% with an inhibition zone diameter of 12.80 mm and Ointment at a concentration of 15% with an inhibition zone value of 11.07 mm were able to inhibit antibacterial activity. Conclusion, banana peel MPvS extract Cream Formula is the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

AMBON BANANA PEEL EXTRACT GEL (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum (L.) Kunt) ACCELARATES OF WISTAR RATS GINGIVA WOUND HEALING

A wound is a cut through the anatomical structure of tissue due to an incision of a sharp-edged object. Ambon banana peel contains tannins, flavonoids, and saponins which act as an anti-inflammatory antioxidant and antibacterial properties that facilitate the wound healing process. This research attempted to know the effect of ambon banana peel gel extract (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum (L.) Kunt) on wound length healing of gingiva mucosa cuts in Wistar rats. The was a pure experimental study with a sample size of 30 Wistar rats divided into three groups; the treatment group was given 10% ambon banana peel gel extract. The positive control group was assigned 10% povidone-iodine, and the negative control group was given aquades. The research was conducted by making an incision on maxillary gingival mucosa 3 mm wide in the horizontal direction with a depth of 0.25 mm using blade number 11. Observations were performed on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 after treatment using a digital calliper. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and then the post hoc test using the Mann Whitney test (p <0.05 significant). The research results showed that the treatment group given 10% ambon banana peel gel extract had a significant difference with a p-value <0.05 compared to the positive and negative control groups on days 3, 7, and 14. The research shows 10%. The concentration of ambon banana peel gel extract affects the accelerating wound healing process in the gingiva mucosa of Wistar rats.

<strong><em>Pseudopestalotiopsis gilvanii sp. nov.</em> and <em>Neopestalotiopsis formicarum</em> leaves spot pathogens from guarana plant: a new threat to global tropical hosts</strong>

Pestalotioid species (Pestalotiopsis, Pseudopestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis) cause extremely damaging diseases in a wide range of hosts across the word. Recently, pestalotioid strains isolated from damaged guarana leaf tissue were subject to morphological and molecular characterization. Six monosporic isolates were obtained and analysed based on the following conidial characters: length, width, septation, absence or presence of basal appendage, number and length of apical appendages. For phylogenetic inference, sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS), partial sequences of the genes encoding the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) and β-tubulin (tub2) were used. Three out of six strains analysed were identified as Neopestalotiopsis formicarum, while the three other isolates are described here as a new species of Pseudopestalotiopsis, named Ps. gilvanii sp. nov.. The pathogenicity of N. formicarum and Ps. gilvanii were confirmed following Koch’s postulate. Besides guarana, the potential of N. formicaram and Ps. gilvanii to cause diseases in other economically important tropical plants were investigated. Ps. gilvanii was pathogenic to açaí palms (Euterpe oleracea, E. precatoria), and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), but not to banana (Musa paradisiaca var. pacovan) and rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). N. formicarum was not pathogenic to rubber trees but was pathogenic to other species tested. To our knowledge this is the first report of N. formicarum as a plant pathogen in the guarana plant, and Ps. gilvanii as novel plant pathogen capable of causing disease in important plant crops from tropical regions.

The Analysis of Fiber Content of Nuggets and Crackers With the Basic Ingredients of Kepok Banana Hump (Musa paradisiaca Var. Balbisina Colla)

Nugget and crackers are fast foods that are widely consumed and favored by the public, usually used as dishes or snacks. Banana tubers is a local food commodities which contains of high fiber can be processed as an ingredients nuggets and crackers. The purpose ofthis reseach was to determine the fiber content of nuggets and crackers with the basic ingredients of kepok banana hump (Musa paradisiaca Var. Balbisina Colla). This study was experimental design. The nugget formulation consisted of 3 comparisons, the ratio of banana hump : wheat flour (25%: 75%) (F1), (50%: 50%) (F2), and (75%: 25%) (F3). The cracker formulation consists of 3 comparisons, the ratios of banana hump: tapioca flour (25%: 75%) (F1), (50%: 50%) (F2), and (75%: 25%) (F3). Test the fiber containt by the gravimatry method which is then described. The results in this study was analyzed of the fiber value of nuggets and crackers kepok banana hump every (100g). The highest fiber content of nuggets was F3: 0.514g, F2: 0.322g and F1: 0.186g. The highest fiber content of Kepok banana hump crackers is F3: 0.861g, F2: 0.747g and F1: 0.727g. The fiber value of the kepok banana hump crackers is higher than the kepok banana hump nugget.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Banana <i>Raja</i> (<i>Musa paradisiaca var. raja</i>) Peel Extract: Effect of Different Concentrations of the AgNO<sub>3</sub> Solution

This study focuses on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Banana Raja (Musa Paradisiaca Var. Raja) peel extract. The aim is to determine the effect of concentration differences of silver nitrate (AgNO3) as the precursor on the production of silver nanoparticles. In this study, banana peel extract (BPE) was reacted with AgNO3 solution at several concentrations of silver nitrate solution i.e. 0.125; 0.1; 0.075 and 0.05 M at temperature of 50 °C. The ratio of banana peel extract and AgNO3 solution used was 5:500 (v/v). The stirring was done by using a magnetic stirrer. The reaction took place when the color of the mixture (extract and AgNO3) changed until the color of the mixture became constant. The results of the colloidal silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis Spectrometer, while the functional groups of the banana extract was analyzed using a Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) apparatus. Whereas, the morphology of the silver nanoparticles was studied using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The UV-Vis Spectrometer result show that the concentration of AgNO3 which gave the highest absorbance value was at 0.1 M. The SEM micrographs could not clearly show the difference in the morphology of silver nanoparticles samples at different concentrations of AgNO3 solution.

Uji Potensi Epigallocatechin Gallate Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa paradisiaca var. Raja) terhadap Caspase 3 melalui Granzyme B Pathway pada Mencit (Mus musculus) Model Sepsis Berbasis in Silico

Yellow ripe banana skin is rich in flavonoid compounds, and contains other phenolic compounds. The presence of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in banana peels needs to be identified and tested for their activities, so as to increase the utilization of banana waste more optimally. Besides bananas also contain high epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). EGCG is well known for its wide spectrum of biological activity as an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of EGCG of plantain (Musa paradisiaca var. Raja) peel against caspase 3 through granzyme B pathway in mice (Mus musculus) sepsis model based on silico. Analysis of the potential of EGCG on mice was carried out using the application http://stitch.embl.de/. STITCH is a database of known and predicted interactions between chemicals and proteins. Interactions include direct (physical) and indirect (functional) associations, STITCH data derived from computational predictions, from the transfer of knowledge between organisms, and from interactions collected from other (primary) databases. Analysis of the mechanism of epigallocatechin gallate of plantain peel against capase 3 in sepsis mice using bioinformatics application https://www.kegg.jp/. Based on the results of the analysis it can be seen that EGCG can be used as a promising target agent candidate for plasma membrane proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptors. In addition, action mechanisms have been demonstrated that rely on inhibition of ERK1 / 2, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and vascular endothelial growth factors. Furthermore, EGCG and its derivatives are used in proteasome inhibition and they are involved in epigenetic mechanisms.

Ethnobotany study of banana plant sap (Musa sp.) as an incision remedy (Vulnus scissum)

The use of banana plant sap as an incision remedy has been carried out through generations in Citatah Village, Cipatat District, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the ethnobotanical utilization of banana plant sap as an incision remedy. The research was conducted using the snowball sampling technique by the method of structured observation and interviews with 30 respondents. The followings were tools and materials used for the research, a set of stationery, cameras, voice recorders, and laptops. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that of the thirty respondents who knew the utilization of banana plant sap as wound remedy, only 60% were still using it. Parts of banana plants that were often used by the community was the banana plant shoots by 87% of the total respondents and banana leaf fronds by 13%. There was no specific type of banana used for this wound remedy. However, the type of banana most widely used by the community was ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) with a percentage of 20%, kulutuk/manggala banana (Musa balbisiana) 60%, and kepok Banana (Musa paradisiaca formatypica) 20%. Based on the results of the observation and interview, there were at least four benefits of using banana sap, namely preventing infection, sticking wounds, stopping bleeding, and drying the wound. While scientifically, this banana sap can be used as the wound remedy because it contains flavonoid compounds, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and tannins.

Ethnobotany study of banana plant sap (Musa sp.) as an incision remedy (Vulnus scissum)

The use of banana plant sap as an incision remedy has been carried out through generations in Citatah Village, Cipatat District, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the ethnobotanical utilization of banana plant sap as an incision remedy. The research was conducted using the snowball sampling technique by the method of structured observation and interviews with 30 respondents. The followings were tools and materials used for the research, a set of stationery, cameras, voice recorders, and laptops. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that of the thirty respondents who knew the utilization of banana plant sap as wound remedy, only 60% were still using it. Parts of banana plants that were often used by the community was the banana plant shoots by 87% of the total respondents and banana leaf fronds by 13%. There was no specific type of banana used for this wound remedy. However, the type of banana most widely used by the community was ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) with a percentage of 20%, kulutuk/manggala banana (Musa balbisiana) 60%, and kepok Banana (Musa paradisiaca formatypica) 20%. Based on the results of the observation and interview, there were at least four benefits of using banana sap, namely preventing infection, sticking wounds, stopping bleeding, and drying the wound. While scientifically, this banana sap can be used as the wound remedy because it contains flavonoid compounds, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and tannins.

Functional properties of ripe plantain (Musa spp) flour from different varieties

Ripe plantain has potentially become flour with good sensory and easy to digest. This study was carried out to determine the functional properties of five varieties of ripe plantains flour. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design with a single factor, namely a variety of plantains consisting of five levels: V1 = Kapas (Musa corniculata); V2 = Tanduk (Musa corniculata J.De Leureiro); V3 = Siam (Musa paradisiaca var. Moralis M.); V4 = Kepok (Musa paradisiaca var. Bluggoe); V5 = Raja Bulu (Musa sapientum var. Paradisiaca Baker), and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The result showed that the yield and moisture content of plantain flour from the five varieties ranges from 5.88% - 16.19% and 6.71% - 9.51% and kapok flour has significantly different in moisture content and yield compare with other varieties. The water absorption capacity ranges from 2.87-3.03 g/g, was not significantly different among the treatments. The oil absorption capacity ranges from 2.13-2.30 (g/g) and OAC of ripe kapas was significantly different compared with ripe siam flour and ripe raja bulu flour. The swelling capacity ranges from 3.41-4.19 g/g and SC of ripe tanduk flour was significantly different from ripe kepok flour. The solubility ranges from 8.59-29.67% and solubility of ripe kapas, kepok, raja bulu flour was significantly different with ripe tanduk and siam flour. The peak time (6.84-7.00 minutes) and pasting temperature (94.88-95.03°C) were not significantly different among the treatment. The peak viscosity ranges from 169.00-653.00Cp and ripe kapas and raja buluh flour was significantly different from others, it was higher than others. The breakdown viscosity ranges from 22.00-178.00 Cp and ripe tanduk and raja buluh was significantly different from others, it was higher than others. The setback viscosity ranges from 45.00-545.67Cp and ripe kapas flour was significantly different among the treatments with the highest value. Based on the result could be concluded that different varieties could have different or the same functional properties. The used of ripe plantain flour for food production could be based on the functional properties of the flour.

Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Batang Pisang Ambon (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) terhadap Pertumbuhan Enterococcus faecalis

Background: Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most common bacteria in root canal after endodontic treatment. This species is found in about 77% of the cases that resistant to treatment. It is necessary to develop an alternative for intracanal dressing, one of the potential substance is natural ingredients. The stem of ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) extract contains active substances such as tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and antraquinone, which have been known for their antibacterial potency. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ambonese banana stem (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) extract against Enterococcus faecalis. Method: This research was a laboratory experimental study. Ambonese banana stem extract was made by maceration method with ethanol 96% and certain dilution was performed to obtain various concentration. Value of MIC and MBC of ambonese banana stem extract against Enterococcus faecalis were known by counting the growth of bacteria colonies on blood agar media in CFU/ml. Result: The percentages of bacteria colonies at concentration 85%; 82,5%; 80%; 77,5%; 75%; 72,5%; 70%; and 67,5% of ambonese banana stem extract in sequence were 0%; 0%; 0%; 0%; 0%; 0%; 7,44%; and 14,53% from the positive control. Conclusion: The stem of ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) extract had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 70% concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 72,5% concentration against Enterococcus faecalis.

Penggunaan Ekstrak Pelepah Pisang Ambon sebagai Sanitizer Kerabang terhadap Daya Tetas Telur Itik Lokal

The use of KMnO4 and formalin 40% for fumigation of hatching machine and hatching eggs has potential hazards to safety and health. Some previous studies have shown that banana pseudostem extract can act as an antimicrobial. This study aimed to examine the use of ambon banana pseudostem extract (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum) with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% as eggshell sanitizer to the hatchability of local duck eggs. The results showed eggs hatchability that use of 10% banana pseudostem extract still lower than eggs hatchability that use fumigation. The higher concentration of banana pseudostem extract can reduce the hatchability. Therefore, it is necessary to try experiment use banana peseudostem extract with concentration lower than 10%.

EFFECT OF LATEX FROM MUSA PARADISIACA VAR. SAPIENTUM AND CARICA PAPAYA L. ON PROLIFERATION AND MIGRATION FIBROBLAST CELL NIH3T3

Objective: The objective of this research was to screen phytochemical constituents and determine the activity of latex from Musa paradisiacavar. sapientum and Carica papaya L. to the process of wound healing in NIH3T3 fibroblasts cells through observations of the proliferation andmigration of cells.Materials and Methods: Screening phytochemical compounds of latex from M. paradisiaca var. sapientum and C. papaya L. used chemical reagent.Cytotoxic activity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The proliferation test used the doubling timemethod at a susceptible incubation time of 0, 24, 48, and 72 h with a concentration of 25 μg/mL–250 μg/mL. The migration test was carried out usingthe scratch wound healing method with a concentration of 25 μg/mL–250 μg/mL in the time range of 0, 12, 24, and 48 h.Results: Phytochemical compounds contained in the latex from M. paradisiaca var. sapientum (saponin and tannin) and C. papaya L. (saponin andalkaloid). The cytotoxic assay results showed that no toxic effect for NIH3T3 fibroblasts cells (IC50 >1000 μg/mL). Cell proliferation and migrationtest results showed an increase in NIH3T3 fibroblast cell proliferation and migration process compared to controls. The concentration of 250 μg/mLof latex from M. paradisiaca var. sapientum and C. papaya L. is the best to increase of proliferation and migration process of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells.Conclusion: This study concludes that the latex of M. paradisiaca var. sapientum and C. papaya L. has the potential to increase proliferation andmigration activity of NIH3T3 cells.

Identification of Banana Quality (Musa paradisiaca Var. Sapientum L.) Through the Using of Coconut Shell Charcoal and Potassium Permanganat as Absorber

One of the most frequently encountered problems in handling bananas is the ease of it characteristic to decay so they cannot be stored longer. Thus a technology is needed to increase the shelf life of banana. The use an absorber from coconut shell charcoal which is applied with potassium permanganate is a method that can be used. In this study the effectiveness of the absorber was tested using gas chromatography. The results obtained show us that the ethylene concentration can be pushed by the addition the number of the absorber. The treatment carried out is by compare it at two temperatures. Where at a temperature of 13 0C, the ethylene concentration is about 102.78 ppm for an absorber of 10 g. At 20 g it is 95.13 ppm. At 30 g it is 64.23 ppm and at 40 g is 65.85 ppm. At a temperature of 28 0C in the 8th hour the ethylene concentration was 104.30 ppm for 10 g absorber. At 20 g, it is 101.12 ppm. At 30 g is 89.22 ppm. At 40 g, it is 64.20 ppm. Absorber treatment affects ethylene production, and slows the physical and chemical processes of Raja banana which is characterized by green colouruntil the end of storage time and retained hardness, high starch content, low sugar content and small amount weight loss. generally, the treatment of ethylene potassium absorbent material greatly influences the maturation effect, by suppressing ethylene production and maintains the green color, texture and aroma of Raja banana within 15 days at 28 0C and 45 days at 13 0C.