Abstract
Topical application of ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) kuntze) stem sap gel (GEGPA) on the socket wound area showed an increase in the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB, while decrease in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9. The aim of this study is to achieve standard formulation of GEGPA through stability, viscosity, distribution area, and drugs release for oral gel wound healing. This is an in vitro and in vivo study with the randomized posttest only control group design. The gel was formulated according to the composition of each group by adding hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), Lexgard, propylene glycol, and cold water to obtain 100 g of gel. Observations were made through the following tests: stability, viscosity, distribution area, drug release, and histopathological analysis of tooth extraction wound healing. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05) with GraphPad Prism-8 statistical software. The study showed that the GEGPA formulation was stable against changes in consistency, color, smell, homogeneity, and pH value. There is a significant difference between groups with respect to viscosity (p = 0.0001), adhesion (p = 0.004), dispersion (p = 0.000), and fibroblast cell numbers on days 3 and 5 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001). There is no interaction between the active ingredients and the gel base of all formulations. Formulation 3 had better properties in terms of viscosity, broad distribution, and drug release compared with other groups. Application of GEGPA to tooth extraction wounds showed a significant proliferation of fibroblast cells on days 3 and 5. The formulation of M. paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) kuntze extract with HPMC and propylene glycol obtained a gel preparation, GEGPA, that was organoleptically stable and met the topical gel standard for wounds in the oral cavity.
Highlights
Wound healing is a defense mechanism that works by repairing damaged cells or tissues.[1,2] The healing consists of a complex series of biological processes that involve cells and surrounding tissues supported by inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines
There is no interaction between the active ingredients and the gel base of all formulations
The formulation of M. paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) kuntze extract with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and propylene glycol obtained a gel preparation, GEGPA, that was organoleptically stable and met the topical gel standard for wounds in the oral cavity
Summary
Wound healing is a defense mechanism that works by repairing damaged cells or tissues.[1,2] The healing consists of a complex series of biological processes that involve cells and surrounding tissues supported by inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The oral cavity is a remarkable environment in which wound healing process occurs in the presence of millions of microorganisms in warm oral fluids.[3] Topical or oral medications are used to localize wounds, relieve pain, prevent contamination, and promote healing.[4,5]. Drugs that are commonly used for topical administration to the skin are usually in the form of creams, lotions, or ointments,[7] while drugs that are usually used for treating oral mucosa wounds are generally in the form of gels.[8,9] The success of topical treatment depends on patient age, selection of appropriate topical agents, location and area of the affected or diseased body, stage of disease, the concentration of active ingredients in the vehicle, methods of application, determination of druguse duration, and penetration of the topical drug into the skin/mucosa.[10,11,12] Topical drug administration may be considered in patients with gastrointestinal disturbances, contraindications, or difficulty of swallowing.[13]
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